Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of immunoglobulin A antibodies against tissue transglutaminase in patients with diverse chronic liver diseases.","authors":"Anastasios E Germenis,&nbsp;Efthalia E Yiannaki,&nbsp;Kalliopi Zachou,&nbsp;Violeta Roka,&nbsp;Sotirios Barbanis,&nbsp;Christos Liaskos,&nbsp;Kalliopi Adam,&nbsp;Andreas N Kapsoritakis,&nbsp;Spyros Potamianos,&nbsp;Georgios N Dalekos","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.8.941-948.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.941-948.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) and the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies (tTGAbs) in a large series of patients with chronic liver diseases were assessed. We studied 738 patients (462 with chronic viral hepatitis, 117 with autoimmune liver diseases, 113 with alcoholic or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and 46 with other liver disorders) and 1,350 healthy controls (HC). Immunoglobulin A (IgA) tTGAbs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a microsphere-based flow cytometric assay. Positive sera were investigated for IgA antiendomysial antibodies (EmA). IgA tTGAb-positive subjects were invited to undergo a small-intestinal biopsy and HLA-DQ allele typing. Four of 1,350 HC (0.3%) tested tTGAb(+) EmA(+) and underwent a biopsy (CD confirmation in all). Four of 738 liver disease patients tested tTGAbs(+) EmA(+) (0.54%; not statistically significant). Two were HCV infected (1.24%; not statistically significant), and two had transaminasemia of unknown origin. Forty-three patients tested tTGAbs(+) EmA(-) (5.8%; P<0.001 compared to HC). Inhibition experiments verified the existence of specific IgA anti-tTG reactivity. Twenty-six of 43 patients underwent a biopsy (all negative for CD). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed age (P=0.008), cirrhosis (P=0.004), alkaline phosphatase (P=0.026), and antinuclear antibodies (P=0.012) as independent risk factors for tTGAb reactivity among the patients. It was concluded that CD prevalence is the same in HC and patients with chronic liver diseases. The prevalence of tTGAbs is higher in hepatic patients compared to HC, but their specificity for CD diagnosis in this group of patients is low. tTGAbs in patients appear to be associated with the presence of autoimmunity, cirrhosis, and cholestasis, irrespective of the origin of the liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 8","pages":"941-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.941-948.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25235952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine expression in pediatric Helicobacter pylori infection.","authors":"Ana I Lopes,&nbsp;Marianne Quiding-Jarbrink,&nbsp;Ana Palha,&nbsp;José Ruivo,&nbsp;Lurdes Monteiro,&nbsp;Mónica Oleastro,&nbsp;Andrea Santos,&nbsp;Afonso Fernandes","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.8.994-1002.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.994-1002.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections worldwide and almost invariably causes chronic gastritis in the infected host. A predominant Th1 profile has been demonstrated in H. pylori-infected mucosa from adults, but no previous study has evaluated in situ cytokine expression in children. We therefore examined expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines by immunohistochemistry in cryopreserved antral biopsy specimens from 10 H. pylori-infected and 10 uninfected children and correlated expression of cytokines with histology scores. Concomitant expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-4, transforming growth factor beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was seen in 8/10 H. pylori-infected cases and in 5/10 noninfected cases; all H. pylori-infected subjects showed staining for at least two of the cytokines. The proportion of epithelial cytokine-specific staining did not differ significantly between the groups, either in surface or glandular epithelium. Furthermore, no significant differences were noticed between intraepithelial or lamina propria lymphocyte staining in the groups. There was, however, a tendency of higher numbers of IFN-gamma- and IL-8-positive cells in the H. pylori-infected group. IFN-gamma and IL-8 lamina propria lymphocyte expression correlated significantly with antrum chronic inflammation, but there was no correlation between histology scores and epithelial cytokine expression. When the same techniques were used, the cytokine response appeared to be smaller in H. pylori-infected children than in adults, and there was no clear Th1 dominance. These results therefore suggest a different mucosal immunopathology in children. It remains to be determined whether the gastric immune response is downregulated in children with H. pylori infection and whether this is relevant to the outcome of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 8","pages":"994-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.994-1002.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24944903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical evaluation of urine-based PCR assay for diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis.","authors":"Carolin Rauter,&nbsp;Markus Mueller,&nbsp;Isabel Diterich,&nbsp;Sabine Zeller,&nbsp;Dieter Hassler,&nbsp;Thomas Meergans,&nbsp;Thomas Hartung","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.8.910-917.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.910-917.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many approaches were made in recent years to establish urine PCR as a diagnostic tool for Lyme borreliosis, but results are contradictory. In the present study, a standardized protocol spiking urine from healthy donors with a defined amount of whole Borrelia or Borrelia DNA was established. The development of a nested real-time PCR targeting ospA enabled a highly sensitive and quantitative analysis of these samples. We show the following. (i) Storage of spiked urine samples for up to 6 months at--20 degrees C had no negative effect on spike recovery. (ii) Centrifugation of 10 ml of urine at 40,000 x g for 30 min resulted in a concentration of both spikes, i.e., whole Borrelia and DNA. (iii) The inhibition of DNA spike recovery in 48% (11 of 23 samples) of urine samples tested could be attributed to nuclease activity. This was abrogated by alkalizing the urine or by working with the samples on ice. Despite optimized conditions, analysis of urine samples of 12 patients with erythema migrans, the clinical stage considered to be associated with the highest bacterial load, revealed a positive result in only one sample. All 12 samples were negative by an alternative PCR targeting flagellin. The results of our study support doubts that urine is a suitable material for diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 8","pages":"910-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.910-917.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25235947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturally acquired antibodies against four Enterococcus faecalis capsular polysaccharides in healthy human sera.","authors":"Markus Hufnagel,&nbsp;Andrea Kropec,&nbsp;Christian Theilacker,&nbsp;Johannes Huebner","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.8.930-934.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.930-934.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthy human sera (HHS) contain naturally acquired enterococcal antibodies which promote neutrophil-mediated killing. The target antigens remain unknown. The present study used a capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate whether the HHS antibodies of 12 healthy donors bound to the CPS of four E. faecalis serotypes (CPS-A to CPS-D) and then employed an opsonic-killing assay to determine if these antibodies mediated phagocyte-dependent killing. All HHS contained immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies directed against capsular polysaccharides of the four serotypes. Absorption of the sera with homologous and heterologous strains showed a majority of antibodies to be cross-reactive among the prototype strains. The susceptibility of the four prototype strains to opsonic killing varied. Opsonic killing of CPS-A and CPS-B strains was significantly higher than killing of CPS-C and CPS-D strains. Absorption studies revealed that the opsonic killing of HHS was only partially type specific, with cross-reactivity between CPS-A and CPS-B strains and between CPS-C and CPS-D strains. These data indicate that healthy individuals possess opsonic antibodies specific for CPS-A and CPS-B but only low titers of opsonic antibodies against CPS-C and CPS-D. Titers of opsonic antibodies did not correlate with antibody titers measured by ELISA. Whether this lack of correlation is due to the low frequency of opsonic antibodies or to increased resistance to the opsonophagocytic killing of some serotypes remains to be determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 8","pages":"930-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.930-934.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25235950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphocyte proliferation responses induced to broadly reactive Th peptides did not protect against equine infectious anemia virus challenge.","authors":"Darrilyn G Fraser,&nbsp;Steve R Leib,&nbsp;Bao Shan Zhang,&nbsp;Robert H Mealey,&nbsp;Wendy C Brown,&nbsp;Travis C McGuire","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.8.983-993.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.983-993.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of immunization with five lipopeptides, three containing T-helper (Th) epitopes and two with both Th and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, on equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) challenge was evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from EIAV lipopeptide-immunized horses had significant proliferative responses to Th peptides compared with those preimmunization, and the responses were attributed to significant responses to peptides Gag from positions 221 to 245 (Gag 221-245), Gag 250-269, and Pol 326-347; however, there were no consistent CTL responses. The significant proliferative responses in the EIAV lipopeptide-immunized horses allowed testing of the hypothesis that Th responses to immunization would enhance Th and CTL responses following EIAV challenge and lessen the viral load and the severity of clinical disease. The EIAV lipopeptide-immunized group did have a significant increase in proliferative responses to Th peptides 1 week after virus challenge, whereas the control group did not. Two weeks after challenge, a significant CTL response to virus-infected cell targets occurred in the EIAV lipopeptide-immunized group compared to that in the control group. These Th and CTL responses did not significantly alter either the number of viral RNA copies/ml or disease severity. Thus, lipopeptide-induced proliferative responses and enhanced Th and CTL responses early after virus challenge were unable to control challenge virus load and clinical disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 8","pages":"983-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.983-993.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24944902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein-dependent and -independent immune responses to spirochetal infection.","authors":"Juan C Salazar,&nbsp;Constance D Pope,&nbsp;Meagan W Moore,&nbsp;Jonathan Pope,&nbsp;Thomas G Kiely,&nbsp;Justin D Radolf","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.8.949-958.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.949-958.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we used the epidermal suction blister technique, in conjunction with multiparameter flow cytometry, to analyze the cellular and cytokine responses elicited by intradermal injection of human volunteers with synthetic analogs for spirochetal lipoproteins and compared the responses to findings previously reported from patients with erythema migrans (EM). Compared with peripheral blood (PB), lipopeptides derived from the N termini of the Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein C and the 17-kDa lipoprotein of Treponema pallidum (OspC-L and 17-L, respectively) elicited infiltrates enriched in monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) but also containing substantial percentages of neutrophils and T cells. Monocytoid (CD11c(+)) and plasmacytoid (CD11c(-)) DCs were selectively recruited to the skin in ratios similar to those in PB, but only the former expressed the activation/maturation surface markers CD80, CD83, and DC-SIGN. Monocytes/macrophages and monocytoid DCs, but not plasmacytoid DCs, displayed significant increases in surface expression of Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR2, and TLR4. Staining for CD45RO and CD27 revealed that lipopeptides preferentially recruited antigen-experienced T-cell subsets; despite their lack of antigenicity, these agonists induced marked T-cell activation, as evidenced by surface expression of CD69, CD25, and CD71. Lipopeptides also induced significant increases in interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-10, gamma interferon, and most notably IL-6 without corresponding increases in serum levels of these cytokines. Although lipopeptides and EM lesional infiltrates shared many similarities, differences were noted in a number of immunologic parameters. These studies have provided in situ evidence for a prominent \"lipoprotein effect\" during human infection while at the same time helping to pinpoint aspects of the cutaneous response that are uniquely driven by spirochetal pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 8","pages":"949-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.949-958.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24944898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of CD8 T-cell epitopes within the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) E6 protein among young women whose HPV 16 infection has become undetectable.","authors":"Mayumi Nakagawa,&nbsp;Kevin H Kim,&nbsp;Anna-Barbara Moscicki","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.8.1003-1005.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.1003-1005.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The patterns of CD8 T-cell epitopes recognized within the E6 protein in women who had cleared their human papillomavirus 16 infection were examined. T-cell lines were established using autologous dendritic cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus. Evidence of potential antigenic epitopes was shown in 8 of 23 (34.8%) women.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 8","pages":"1003-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.1003-1005.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24944904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Microcapillary Cytometry Technology and Flow Cytometry for CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Estimation.","authors":"A J Kandathil,&nbsp;R Kannangai,&nbsp;S David,&nbsp;G Nithyanandam,&nbsp;S Solomon,&nbsp;P Balakrishnan,&nbsp;O C Abraham,&nbsp;S Subramanian,&nbsp;P Rupali,&nbsp;V P Verghese,&nbsp;S Pulimood,&nbsp;G Sridharan","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.8.1006-1009.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.1006-1009.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An alternative technology for the estimation of T cells based on a microcapillary technique (Guava Technologies, Hayward, CA) was compared to FACSCount (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA). Samples from 51 human immunodeficiency virus-infected and 21 healthy individuals were tested. The correlation (r) of the two systems for CD4(+) T cells was 0.994, and the coefficient of variation was 6.5%, establishing equable performance between the two technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 8","pages":"1006-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.8.1006-1009.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24944905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"polyethylene glycol-conjugated adenosine deaminase (ADA) therapy provides temporary immune reconstitution to a child with delayed-onset ADA deficiency.","authors":"Elke Lainka,&nbsp;Michael S Hershfield,&nbsp;Ines Santisteban,&nbsp;Pawan Bali,&nbsp;Annette Seibt,&nbsp;Jennifer Neubert,&nbsp;Wilhelm Friedrich,&nbsp;Tim Niehues","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.7.861-866.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.7.861-866.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe the effects of polyethylene glycol-conjugated adenosine deaminase (ADA) replacement therapy on lymphocyte counts, activation, apoptosis, proliferation, and cytokine secretion in a 14-month-old girl with \"delayed-onset\" ADA deficiency and marked immunodysregulation. Pretreatment lymphopenia affected T cells (CD4, 150/microl; CD8, 459/microl), B cells (16/microl), and NK cells (55/microl). T cells were uniformly activated and largely apoptotic (CD4, 59%; CD8, 82%); and T-cell-dependent cytokine levels in plasma were elevated, including the levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2; 26 pg/ml), IL-4 (81 pg/ml), IL-5 (46 pg/ml), gamma interferon (1,430 pg/ml), tumor necrosis factor alpha (210 pg/ml), and IL-10 (168 pg/ml). Mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells show reduced IL-2 secretion and proliferation. During the first 5 months of therapy there was clinical improvement and partial immune reconstitution, with nearly normal lymphocyte subset numbers, reduced T-cell activation and CD4-cell apoptosis, and decreased plasma cytokine levels. In parallel, IL-2 secretion and the lymphocyte mitogenic response improved. Between 4 and 7 months, immunoglobulin G antibodies to bovine ADA developed and resulted in the complete reversal of immune recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 7","pages":"861-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.7.861-866.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24886690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of rapid immunochromatographic test with recombinant NcSAG1 for detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in cattle.","authors":"Min Liao,&nbsp;Shoufa Zhang,&nbsp;Xuenan Xuan,&nbsp;Guohong Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaohong Huang,&nbsp;Ikuo Igarashi,&nbsp;Kozo Fujisaki","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.12.7.885-887.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.7.885-887.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An immunochromatographic test (ICT) with recombinant surface antigen 1 of Neospora caninum (NcSAG1) was developed for the rapid detection of antibodies to N. caninum in cattle. The ICT was used to clearly discriminate between immunofluorescent-antibody test (IFAT)-positive bovine sera and IFAT-negative bovine sera. Serum samples collected from cattle in Yanbian, China, were examined by the ICT. Of the 96 serum samples, 23 (24.0%) were positive by the ICT, and 19 (19.8%) samples were positive by a previously developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eighteen of 19 ELISA-positive samples were positive according to the ICT. A good agreement was found between the results of the ICT and the ELISA. The results presented here suggest that the ICT with recombinant truncated NcSAG1 fused to glutathione S-transferase is a useful and reliable method for the detection of antibodies to N. caninum in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":72602,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology","volume":"12 7","pages":"885-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/CDLI.12.7.885-887.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24886695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}