Cities & health最新文献

{"title":"Women’s contested mobility and equity in Indian urban environment: case of public toilets in Pune, Maharashtra","authors":"V. Gokhale, D. Joshi, Anjali Acharya","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2242091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2242091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Public toilet facilities in an urban setting are an essential infrastructure that guarantees every citizen’s right to sanitation in the public realm. This paper contends on the fragility of urban infrastructure in addressing women’s needs focusing on public toilet facilities in Indian cities. We argue that the deficit and inequitable provision of urban public toilets in Indian cities restricts women’s participation in the public realm and perpetuates social inequality, with Pune, India, as the case. The spatial features of 124 public toilet facilities in 15 wards were examined in light of gender-responsive guidelines under the Swachha Bharat Mission. Various contextual, psychosocial, and technological factors influencing toilet use behavior were identified with semi-structured in-depth interviews with 45 women in three different life stages using the Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene. The analysis provided a nuanced understanding of various spatial and psychosocial aspects governing women’s public toilet use in Pune. Analysis showed that various initiatives for improving sanitation adopted an androcentric vision in designing public toilets discounting women’s equitable participation in the public realm. The finding delineates a spatial paradigm on providing inclusive public toilets contributing to women’s mobility and equity in the Indian urban environment.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"56 1","pages":"1072 - 1087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90848438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting early childhood development through built environment transformations: lessons from the safe route project in Lima, Peru","authors":"Jose Cepero-Saravia, Cristina Dreifuss-Serrano, A. Ortigoza","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2241603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2241603","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Early childhood development is crucial for children’s growth and long-term outcomes. In Peru, the government has made investments in education and health, aiming to support child development programs. However, more work is needed in other areas to ensure all children can thrive. This paper explores the potential of interventions in the built environment as a relatively unexplored area that could benefit child’s development. We present the implementation of the ‘Safe Route to the “Mercedarias” daycare’ project as a successful experience for promoting child-friendly cities. The project involved collaboration among mid-level officers and frontline workers within a large municipality’s organizational structure. The strategies we used allowed us to build a working group willing to collaborate on further projects. The process was successful without requiring additional expenses beyond regular costs. Officers that had never been involved before felt engaged with the initiative while testimonies from caregivers indicated positive outputs. The case study could serve as an example to other cities of a successful model for promoting early childhood development in cities by engaging stakeholders at all levels in the identification of challenges faced by young children and caregivers while underscoring the importance of investing in urban environment interventions for improving children’s growth.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"12 1","pages":"991 - 1001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74287936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-creating places for urban health & healing: the case of Pogo Park","authors":"Jason Corburn, Joseph Griffin, Brandon Harris, David Padilla","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2230620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2230620","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This case study explores how an urban, low-income, community in Richmond, California, came together to reclaim a local park, redesign and redevelop it, and the impacts that process and the new green space is having on local residents. The park is called Elm Playlot and the community group, Pogo Park. Methods used to generate the case study included original document review, participant observation, and interviews, as well as data from two community surveys and a youth photovoice project. The case study emphasizes that urban health promoting and healing physical and social transformations must be co-created, community leadership, ownership and economic benefits must be prioritized, and decade-long commitments from residents, local government and non-governmental organizations, not one alone, are necessary. We also found that redevelopment of Pogo Park contributed to significant reductions in self-reported fear of violence and improvements in community social connections, trust and overall stress for those living in the parks’ Iron Triangle neighborhood. Further, two years after the completion of the park, life expectancy in the neighborhood had increased by five years, the number of gun homicides was reduced by over 30%, and almost 60% of residents were rating their health as good or excellent.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"105 1","pages":"914 - 925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80648640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving children’s opportunities for play, physical activity, and social interaction through neighbourhood walkabout and photography in Bristol, UK","authors":"Tom Allport, M. Grant, V. Er","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2210746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2210746","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We describe neighbourhood community ‘walkabouts’ using photography as a pragmatic, low-cost methodology for engaging with disadvantaged and marginalised communities, to assist local authorities providing and consulting about city services. Using a health lens frame on neighbourhoods as providing or restricting opportunities for play, interaction, physical activity and nutrition for children and families, we conducted two walkabouts using photography in an ethnically diverse European city. The meeting point for Somali and other ethnically diverse community members, practitioners, elected representatives and academics in this action research was a shared wish to improve the neighbourhood public realm for child health and development, family wellbeing and confident childrearing. The methodology brought opportunities to improve local physical environments for communities, to develop relationships with neighbours and authorities, and to influence statutory planning, decision-making and urban investment. Neighbourhood walkabouts with photography can serve as an accessible platform for communication and advocacy, and help decision-makers effectively hear the voices of disadvantaged and marginalised communities.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"29 1","pages":"1088 - 1107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77179147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research for city practice","authors":"Caroline Brown, M. Grant","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2221114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2221114","url":null,"abstract":"SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human health and planetary health are influenced by the urban environments we have created. For both human and planetary health, trends showing a current decline and ongoing risks are leading to increasing concern globally. It is imperative that finding solutions becomes a core focus for urban policy. This will require concerted action. Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting a multidirectional flow of knowledge to help make this happen. We wish to foster conversations between researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, communities, and decision-makers in cities. This is the purpose of this section, with its short ‘City Know-how’ policy briefings of research findings. The team at Cities & Health, and our knowledge partners (International Society for Urban Health and SALUS.Global), invite you to join their networks, and contribute to the conversations we so urgently need. We call out to communities, researchers, practitioners and policy-makers to consider publishing in Cities & Health to help influence urban policy.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"1 1","pages":"508 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75641936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking back to look forward - COVID-19 enters a new phase","authors":"Caroline Brown","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2222918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2222918","url":null,"abstract":"On 5 May 2023, the World Health Organisation announced that the COVID-19 global health emergency was at an end (WHO 2023). This development is another significant time stamp in the progression of the Covid syndemic (Ellis et al. 2021), marking an end to the emergency phase but by no means an end to the public health threat. It seems like a good moment to be writing a new editorial about COVID-19, reflecting on past experiences as well as the future challenges and opportunities brought by the syndemic and its aftermath.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"126 1","pages":"505 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78559022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A heuristic device, not an actual map… revisiting the urban periphery","authors":"R. Keil, Samantha Biglieri, Lorenzo De Vidovich","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2021.2016284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2021.2016284","url":null,"abstract":"We are very grateful for Daniel Mullis (2021a, 2021b, 2021c) to have taken up and expanded, but even more for having critiqued our initial paper in this journal on ‘repositioning COVID-19 at the social and spatial periphery of urban society’ (Biglieri et al. 2020). The paper was written early in the pandemic and was published barely 2 months after the World Health Organization had declared a global health emergency in the face of the growing COVID-19 outbreak early in 2020. We acknowledge at the outset that we seem to share with Mullis an affinity for the larger debate on the theories of space and urbanization in the context of recent work on planetary urbanization and suburbanization. We agree, in the broadest sense, as Mullis notes with reference to both our common source in Lefebvre’s work and to our own musings about the subject, that centrality and peripherality are ‘produced in and through praxis’ (Mullis 2021a, p. 2). As we will note below, such praxis can be, and often is, more than action, more than momentary agency, but can be seen as a structural condition from which long-term inequalities are being cemented before, in and beyond this current health crisis and future ones to come. So, if centrality is changeable and subject to a ‘dialectical movement that creates of destroys it’ (Lefebvre 2003, p. 116), it is by no means fleeting. It can have staying power. The same can be said about peripheries – social, spatial and institutional ones as we have discussed in our previous work and the experience of being on the margins can have long-lasting and hard-to-overcome detrimental effects on oppressed urban communities and on the physical places where they live, work and play. While, however, the dynamic relationship between the dialectics of change and stasis was repeatedly unveiled in the pandemic as we experienced it over the past 2 years, the exact nature of that dialectics may have at times been hidden from the casual view of an outside ‘spectator’ whose ‘glance is consolidating’ as, in her view, ‘the very form of the urban [is] revealed,’ as Lefebvre says (Lefebvre 2003, p. 116). The processes that produce this ‘consolidated’ image we can observe on a map, or on a tower or hilltop overlooking a city may coincide with the ravages of a pandemic, an economic crisis, a devastating flood or earthquake: But ultimately, those processes are hidden behind the back of the viewer and need separate exposition and explanation. Less abstractly put, the appearance of social, spatial and institutional peripheries in any given urban context may or may not be an exact reflection of the longer-term and far-reaching processes by which peripheral status is produced. Even more concretely: if the housing markets are structured and governed by systemic racism, classism and sexism, it may not come as a surprise that racialized working-class residents are experiencing the bulk of vulnerabilities that affect their everyday lives, be they financial, environmental, ","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"43 1","pages":"581 - 584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81341036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild ways: a scoping review to understand urban-rewilding behaviour in relation to adaptations to private gardens","authors":"S. Moxon, J. Webb, Alexandros Semertzi, Mina Samangooei","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2218016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2218016","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urbanisation is increasing, while global biodiversity is decreasing. Through ‘urban rewilding’ cities could help tackle this biodiversity crisis, while exploiting the benefits of urban nature for residents. Private residential gardens, which have potential to support significant biodiversity, should be a primary focus. Yet their proportion of vegetated space is decreasing through changes made by residents, negatively impacting biodiversity. Small adaptations to private gardens can turn them into wildlife habitat, but understanding residents’ behaviour is critical to developing intervention strategies for this. This paper presents a scoping review of existing literature on understanding intent-orientated, pro-environmental behaviours with a focus on rewilding in urban gardens. The literature is mapped to assess the state of knowledge; it is then coded, using the ‘COM-B’ model of behaviour, to identify the capability, opportunity and motivation factors forming barriers and facilitators to residents engaging in rewilding activity in their gardens. The results show that all COM-B factors need to be considered to understand urban rewilding behaviour, but that opportunity and motivation factors have more influence, particularly reflective motivation. They indicate that facilitators are more significant than barriers and highlight an important body of work that has implications for practice and policy aimed at influencing urban rewilding.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"35 1","pages":"888 - 902"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82702938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active transport to school and health-enhancing physical activity: a rapid review of European evidence","authors":"R. Bailey, J. Vašíčková, R. Payne, Andreu Raya Demidoff, C. Scheuer","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2213428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2213428","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that children and adolescents fail to meet international physical activity recommendations and are at heightened risk of non-communicable conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. Active Transport is one of a set of school-based strategies proposed to help meet daily physical activity targets. Physically active ways of travelling to and from school have received growing support as a simple, accessible, and inexpensive population-level strategy that can be integrated into students’ routines. This study’s objective was to review evidence from across Europe of Active Transport ’s contribution to promoting health-enhancing physical activity. The approach involves examining two bodies of literature: the relationship between Active Transport and physical activity levels; and the effects of interventions to promote physical activity through Active Transport. A rapid review protocol gathered and analysed published academic evidence related to these topics. This is the first review to take a European focus, indicating that Active Transport interventions have produced mixed results. Nevertheless, well-designed interventions can significantly contribute to increasing children’s physical activity levels.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"95 1","pages":"875 - 887"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75325238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signboards prohibiting tobacco sale within 100 yards of educational institutes: the appraisal of prohibition compliance and on-ground status of the anti-smoking law in New Delhi’s major administrative precinct","authors":"Raja Singh","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2215417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2215417","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cigarette smoking and tobacco use pose a threat to the health of young people and adolescents. The availability of tobacco vendors near educational institutes means higher availability to a vulnerable population. The Indian Government has enacted the Cigarettes and other Tobacco products (prohibition of advertisement and regulation of trade and commerce, production, supply and distribution) Act, 2003, or the COTPA Act, 2003 under a WHO resolution, which has further rules notified. Two important rules are prohibiting the sale of tobacco products within 100 yards of educational institutes and installing a signboard stating the prohibition to sell the same. This compliance was checked in 62 educational institutions in the administrative centre of India’s capital, New Delhi. The compliance of both the points, especially something easy as installations of boards is poor and less than half of the institutions had implemented. Tobacco sellers within 100 yards were present. Beyond 100 yards, but within reach was also where tobacco sellers were present. To save young adults, the compliance of COTPA, 2003 must be made strict and offenders punished severely.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"91 1","pages":"719 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85078414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}