Cities & health最新文献

{"title":"Improving children’s opportunities for play, physical activity, and social interaction through neighbourhood walkabout and photography in Bristol, UK","authors":"Tom Allport, M. Grant, V. Er","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2210746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2210746","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We describe neighbourhood community ‘walkabouts’ using photography as a pragmatic, low-cost methodology for engaging with disadvantaged and marginalised communities, to assist local authorities providing and consulting about city services. Using a health lens frame on neighbourhoods as providing or restricting opportunities for play, interaction, physical activity and nutrition for children and families, we conducted two walkabouts using photography in an ethnically diverse European city. The meeting point for Somali and other ethnically diverse community members, practitioners, elected representatives and academics in this action research was a shared wish to improve the neighbourhood public realm for child health and development, family wellbeing and confident childrearing. The methodology brought opportunities to improve local physical environments for communities, to develop relationships with neighbours and authorities, and to influence statutory planning, decision-making and urban investment. Neighbourhood walkabouts with photography can serve as an accessible platform for communication and advocacy, and help decision-makers effectively hear the voices of disadvantaged and marginalised communities.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"29 1","pages":"1088 - 1107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77179147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking back to look forward - COVID-19 enters a new phase","authors":"Caroline Brown","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2222918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2222918","url":null,"abstract":"On 5 May 2023, the World Health Organisation announced that the COVID-19 global health emergency was at an end (WHO 2023). This development is another significant time stamp in the progression of the Covid syndemic (Ellis et al. 2021), marking an end to the emergency phase but by no means an end to the public health threat. It seems like a good moment to be writing a new editorial about COVID-19, reflecting on past experiences as well as the future challenges and opportunities brought by the syndemic and its aftermath.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"126 1","pages":"505 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78559022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research for city practice","authors":"Caroline Brown, M. Grant","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2221114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2221114","url":null,"abstract":"SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human health and planetary health are influenced by the urban environments we have created. For both human and planetary health, trends showing a current decline and ongoing risks are leading to increasing concern globally. It is imperative that finding solutions becomes a core focus for urban policy. This will require concerted action. Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting a multidirectional flow of knowledge to help make this happen. We wish to foster conversations between researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, communities, and decision-makers in cities. This is the purpose of this section, with its short ‘City Know-how’ policy briefings of research findings. The team at Cities & Health, and our knowledge partners (International Society for Urban Health and SALUS.Global), invite you to join their networks, and contribute to the conversations we so urgently need. We call out to communities, researchers, practitioners and policy-makers to consider publishing in Cities & Health to help influence urban policy.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"1 1","pages":"508 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75641936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A heuristic device, not an actual map… revisiting the urban periphery","authors":"R. Keil, Samantha Biglieri, Lorenzo De Vidovich","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2021.2016284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2021.2016284","url":null,"abstract":"We are very grateful for Daniel Mullis (2021a, 2021b, 2021c) to have taken up and expanded, but even more for having critiqued our initial paper in this journal on ‘repositioning COVID-19 at the social and spatial periphery of urban society’ (Biglieri et al. 2020). The paper was written early in the pandemic and was published barely 2 months after the World Health Organization had declared a global health emergency in the face of the growing COVID-19 outbreak early in 2020. We acknowledge at the outset that we seem to share with Mullis an affinity for the larger debate on the theories of space and urbanization in the context of recent work on planetary urbanization and suburbanization. We agree, in the broadest sense, as Mullis notes with reference to both our common source in Lefebvre’s work and to our own musings about the subject, that centrality and peripherality are ‘produced in and through praxis’ (Mullis 2021a, p. 2). As we will note below, such praxis can be, and often is, more than action, more than momentary agency, but can be seen as a structural condition from which long-term inequalities are being cemented before, in and beyond this current health crisis and future ones to come. So, if centrality is changeable and subject to a ‘dialectical movement that creates of destroys it’ (Lefebvre 2003, p. 116), it is by no means fleeting. It can have staying power. The same can be said about peripheries – social, spatial and institutional ones as we have discussed in our previous work and the experience of being on the margins can have long-lasting and hard-to-overcome detrimental effects on oppressed urban communities and on the physical places where they live, work and play. While, however, the dynamic relationship between the dialectics of change and stasis was repeatedly unveiled in the pandemic as we experienced it over the past 2 years, the exact nature of that dialectics may have at times been hidden from the casual view of an outside ‘spectator’ whose ‘glance is consolidating’ as, in her view, ‘the very form of the urban [is] revealed,’ as Lefebvre says (Lefebvre 2003, p. 116). The processes that produce this ‘consolidated’ image we can observe on a map, or on a tower or hilltop overlooking a city may coincide with the ravages of a pandemic, an economic crisis, a devastating flood or earthquake: But ultimately, those processes are hidden behind the back of the viewer and need separate exposition and explanation. Less abstractly put, the appearance of social, spatial and institutional peripheries in any given urban context may or may not be an exact reflection of the longer-term and far-reaching processes by which peripheral status is produced. Even more concretely: if the housing markets are structured and governed by systemic racism, classism and sexism, it may not come as a surprise that racialized working-class residents are experiencing the bulk of vulnerabilities that affect their everyday lives, be they financial, environmental, ","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"43 1","pages":"581 - 584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81341036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild ways: a scoping review to understand urban-rewilding behaviour in relation to adaptations to private gardens","authors":"S. Moxon, J. Webb, Alexandros Semertzi, Mina Samangooei","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2218016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2218016","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urbanisation is increasing, while global biodiversity is decreasing. Through ‘urban rewilding’ cities could help tackle this biodiversity crisis, while exploiting the benefits of urban nature for residents. Private residential gardens, which have potential to support significant biodiversity, should be a primary focus. Yet their proportion of vegetated space is decreasing through changes made by residents, negatively impacting biodiversity. Small adaptations to private gardens can turn them into wildlife habitat, but understanding residents’ behaviour is critical to developing intervention strategies for this. This paper presents a scoping review of existing literature on understanding intent-orientated, pro-environmental behaviours with a focus on rewilding in urban gardens. The literature is mapped to assess the state of knowledge; it is then coded, using the ‘COM-B’ model of behaviour, to identify the capability, opportunity and motivation factors forming barriers and facilitators to residents engaging in rewilding activity in their gardens. The results show that all COM-B factors need to be considered to understand urban rewilding behaviour, but that opportunity and motivation factors have more influence, particularly reflective motivation. They indicate that facilitators are more significant than barriers and highlight an important body of work that has implications for practice and policy aimed at influencing urban rewilding.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"35 1","pages":"888 - 902"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82702938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active transport to school and health-enhancing physical activity: a rapid review of European evidence","authors":"R. Bailey, J. Vašíčková, R. Payne, Andreu Raya Demidoff, C. Scheuer","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2213428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2213428","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that children and adolescents fail to meet international physical activity recommendations and are at heightened risk of non-communicable conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. Active Transport is one of a set of school-based strategies proposed to help meet daily physical activity targets. Physically active ways of travelling to and from school have received growing support as a simple, accessible, and inexpensive population-level strategy that can be integrated into students’ routines. This study’s objective was to review evidence from across Europe of Active Transport ’s contribution to promoting health-enhancing physical activity. The approach involves examining two bodies of literature: the relationship between Active Transport and physical activity levels; and the effects of interventions to promote physical activity through Active Transport. A rapid review protocol gathered and analysed published academic evidence related to these topics. This is the first review to take a European focus, indicating that Active Transport interventions have produced mixed results. Nevertheless, well-designed interventions can significantly contribute to increasing children’s physical activity levels.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"95 1","pages":"875 - 887"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75325238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signboards prohibiting tobacco sale within 100 yards of educational institutes: the appraisal of prohibition compliance and on-ground status of the anti-smoking law in New Delhi’s major administrative precinct","authors":"Raja Singh","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2215417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2215417","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cigarette smoking and tobacco use pose a threat to the health of young people and adolescents. The availability of tobacco vendors near educational institutes means higher availability to a vulnerable population. The Indian Government has enacted the Cigarettes and other Tobacco products (prohibition of advertisement and regulation of trade and commerce, production, supply and distribution) Act, 2003, or the COTPA Act, 2003 under a WHO resolution, which has further rules notified. Two important rules are prohibiting the sale of tobacco products within 100 yards of educational institutes and installing a signboard stating the prohibition to sell the same. This compliance was checked in 62 educational institutions in the administrative centre of India’s capital, New Delhi. The compliance of both the points, especially something easy as installations of boards is poor and less than half of the institutions had implemented. Tobacco sellers within 100 yards were present. Beyond 100 yards, but within reach was also where tobacco sellers were present. To save young adults, the compliance of COTPA, 2003 must be made strict and offenders punished severely.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"91 1","pages":"719 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85078414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equity concerns in transformative planning: Barcelona’s Superblocks under scrutiny","authors":"Isabelle Anguelovski, J. Honey-Rosés, Oriol Marquet","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2207929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2207929","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN La planificación transformadora reestructura radicalmente los usos del suelo urbano, los diseños y los paisajes urbanos para responder al cambio climático y mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de la ciudadanía. Examinamos cómo la planificación transformadora puede perder de vista a cuestiones relacionadas con la equidad, apoyándonos en el ejemplo del plan transformador de Barcelona para implementar Supermanzanas (Superblocks in English, Superilles in Catalan). Argumentamos que las preguntas sobre la equidad distributiva y relacional, incluida la evaluación y priorización de necesidades impulsadas por la equidad interseccional; beneficios o cargas locales espacializados; objetivos de justicia de movilidad; la exclusión y la gentrificación verde, junto con la equidad procesal, deben ocupar un lugar destacado en la agenda de la planificación transformadora para lograr la justicia urbana verdadera. También pueden implicar trade-offs claves entre abordar las vulnerabilidades sociales y ambientales.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"1 1","pages":"950 - 958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82944976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cities, health and wellbeing: global governance and intersectoral policies","authors":"M. Maina","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2215414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2215414","url":null,"abstract":"‘Cities, Health and Wellbeing’ was published as part of the Palgrave Macmillan Sustainable Urban Futures Series in 2021. The book uses the case of Portugal to offer a critical reflection on the adoption of health and urban development goals into national policy, and local level implementation. National and local governments need to develop plans for resilient growth in response to globalization, rapid urbanization, the climate crisis, and rising urban mental health challenges. Soeiro uses the 2030 Agenda framework to identify indicators for tracking progress across health and spatial planning sectors. She further outlines how these indicators would be implemented across multiple levels of governance, including local and regional governments, national, and supra-national levels. The book is divided into three key sections. The first explores the influence of multilevel governance, including the role of global and transnational goals and priorities on national-level policymaking. Soeiro highlights the increasing importance of bottom-up approaches and local actors in the achievement of policy goals. At the local government level, policy implementation also relies on mediation and negotiation across a wide array of actors operating on multiple scales. The second section uses the health and spatial planning sectors in the European Union (EU) and Portugal to unpack processes of inter-sectoral policy evolution and coordination. Soeiro demonstrates the increasing influence of the ‘transnational’ scale on national-level policymaking. The EU increasingly influences Portugal’s country-level strategies, while also aligning its programs and initiatives to those of global agencies such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and United Nations (UN). The case study enables an exploration of how national historical, political, and socio-economic development trajectory shapes how global and transnational policies are locally adapted. Focusing on Portugal, Soeiro delves into the factors that hamper the country’s ability to align institution and governance frameworks with global aspirations. She therefore highlights the need to explore how local institutional frameworks might be better aligned to enable effective implementation. The third section demonstrates the importance of reliable data and indicators in informing interdisciplinary policy and decision-making. Soeiro assesses available indicators relating to health and wellbeing, sustainable urban development, institutions, and partnerships to identify the challenges experienced in aligning local data and statistics to global development metrics. In Portugal, these include data unavailability, varied levels of detail, and the failure to account for regional imbalances. Soeiro underscores the increasingly dominant role of cities, municipalities, and local governments in data collection and management, noting that greater responsibility would require increased budgetary resources. With a more dominant role, local g","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"50 1","pages":"696 - 696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87026144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social return on investment of an urban regeneration project using real-world data: the Connswater Community Greenway, Belfast, UK","authors":"Christopher Tate, C. O’Neill, Ngan Tran, Leonie Heron, F. Kee, M. Tully, M. Dallat, R. Hunter","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2211226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2211226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous research has illustrated the role of urban green and blue spaces in improving the economic, social, environmental, and health-related outcomes of urban populations. The Connswater Community Greenway is presented as a case study to assess the social value of an urban regeneration project. Using real-world data from two time points (2012 and 2017), our analysis focussed on eight key elements: property values; flood alleviation; tourism; biodiversity; climate change; health and wellbeing; crime; and employment and productivity. Using social return on investment analysis, we estimated the value of the Connswater Community Greenway over a 40-year horizon. The total value was estimated to be between £56.8m and £67m. After subtracting the costs (£42.2m), the net present value of the Connswater Community Greenway was £14.6m - £24.8m. The benefit-cost ratio was 1.34 – 1.59, meaning that for every £1 invested in the Connswater Community Greenway, the local economy gains between £1.34 and £1.59. Overall, the Connswater Community Greenway will provide a positive return on investment which will be realised after 30 years. Social return on investment analysis provides a framework for the incorporation of many multifunctional benefits of urban green and blue spaces into economic evaluation, providing a more complete analysis of value.          ","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"81 1","pages":"699 - 718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84331242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}