Cities & health最新文献

{"title":"Common measures of green and blue space for built environment, health equity and intervention research: a scoping review","authors":"Daniel Fuller, Martine Shareck, Stephanie Sersli, Carly Priebe, Ali Alfosool, Justin Lang, Emily Wolfe Phillips","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2260134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2260134","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to describe self-report and audit-based measurement tools of green and blue space used for health equity and intervention research. This scoping review was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). In March 2022, we performed a literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. We found 22 papers, six of which used self-report tools and 16 of which relied on audit-based measures to assess green or blue space. These tools measure aspects of blue and green space including accessibility, equipment, and use. The System for Observing Parks and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) was most used followed by the Public Open Space Audit Tool (POST) and the Community Park Audit Tool (CPAT). The priority populations most often studied were residents of low socio-economic status/high disadvantage neighbourhoods, followed by racialized groups and women. This scoping review provides guidance on common measurement tools that can be used by researchers working on green/blue space for health equity and intervention research. No reliable and valid self-report measure was used or available in the literature to examine equity in green/blue space.KEYWORDS: green spaceequityinterventionreliabilityvalidityblue space Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2260134.Additional informationFundingFunding to support this work was provided by the Public Health Agency of Canada.Notes on contributorsDaniel FullerDaniel Fuller, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in Community Health and Epidemiology at the University of Saskatchewan. His research is focused on using wearable technologies to study physical activity, transportation interventions, and equity in urban spaces. Dan has an M.Sc. in Kinesiology from the University of Saskatchewan and a Ph.D. in Public Health from Université de Montréal. He is a Principal Investigator on the INTERACT and CapaCITY/É research teams.Martine ShareckMartine Shareck, Ph.D., is a population health researcher and Assistant Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the Université de Sherbrooke. She holds a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair (2020-2025) on urban environments and health equity among young people. Trained in social epidemiology, health promotion and health geography, she has expertise in research with marginalized populations, on the social determinants of health, in mixed-methods program evaluation and in urban health inequities. She is a Principal Investigator on the CapaCITY/É research team.Stephanie SersliStephanie Sersli, Ph.D., recently completed a postdoctoral fellowship in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the Université de Sherbrooke. She is a health geographer whose research in","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135695576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the community and social determinants in mental health inequity: the impact of mass social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Jin Hui Lee, JungHo Park, Min Sook Park","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2259753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2259753","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study investigates the relations of individual capacity and community attributes with adults’ (age 18+) psychological impacts (i.e. anxiety, depression, and comorbidity of the two) from social restriction directives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Controlling for community-level environmental factors and individual-level characteristics, multilevel logistic regressions were carried out with nationally representative and COVID-19-specialized data from the Household Pulse Survey (N = 1,205,194) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau between 23 April 2020 and 7 June 2021. Regression estimates show that the lack of community capacities (e.g. poverty and transit use) during the pandemic and individuals’ economic vulnerabilities (e.g. loss of income and housing instability) exacerbate mental illnesses as social distancing measures are prolonged. Particularly, a more stringent stay-at-home order was found to be related to a marginal increase in the risk of anxiety (OR = 1.014, CI = 1.000–1.029), depression (OR = 1.016, CI = 1.003–1.030), and their comorbidity (OR = 1.018, CI = 1.003–1.034). These findings suggest that the psychological impact of social distancing order can be determined by combining the effects of both individual and community capacities.KEYWORDS: Community attributesmental healthCOVID-19 social restrictionshealth inequityeconomic vulnerability Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors contributionsAll authors have contributed substantially to the conception, analysis, interpretation, and/or drafting of this research and approve the final version. Jin Hui Lee (JHL), JungHo Park (JHP), and Min Sook Park (MSP) designed and conducted research together; JHL led the overall framework and writing of the research; JHP led the empirical analyses and supported the writing; MSP led literature review and supported the writing; JHL had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final article.Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2259753Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.Notes on contributorsJin Hui LeeJin Hui Lee is a research fellow at the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements where her research focuses on health cities, poverty cluster, and gentrification developing the evidence for urban-based solutions to improve inequalities. Dr. Lee holds a PhD in Urban and Regional Planning from the Florida State University.JungHo ParkJungHo Park is an assistant professor at the Department of Housing & Interior Design (BK21 Four AgeTech-Service Convergence) in Kyung Hee University. His research is based in the field of housing demography, urban planning, and urban informatics. He holds his Ph.D. in Urban Planning and Development from the University of Southern California.Min Sook ParkMin Sook ","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135895088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring walkability and bikeability for health equity and intervention research: a scoping review","authors":"Martine Shareck, Daniel Fuller, Stephanie Sersli, Carly Priebe, Ali Alfosool, Justin J. Lang, Emily Wolfe Phillips","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2260133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2260133","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to describe self-report and audit-based measurement tools of neighbourhood walkability and bikeability for health equity and intervention research. We conducted a scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus with full text via EBSCO in March 2022. We extracted data from a total of 35 papers which reported on 23 self-report and 15 audit-based measures assessing walkability and bikeability. Studies spanned multiple regions including Africa, America, Australia, and Europe, but most were conducted in the United States (n = 15), followed by Australia (n = 6). The most used self-report measure was the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS), while the audit tools Pedestrian Environment Data Scan and Bridge the Gap Street Segment Tool were each used in two studies. The priority populations most often studied were residents of low socio-economic status/high disadvantage neighbourhoods, racialized groups, women, youth, older adults, and rural populations. Ultimately, there is no one tool that can be recommended for use in all contexts and with all priority populations; rather, tools may require adaptations to specific contexts and populations of interest.KEY POINTSWhat is already known on this subject? Neighbourhood walkability and bikeability are associated with individual and population physical activity.Few studies work with priority populations to assess walkability and bikeability.What does this study add? Few self-report or audit-based measurement tools of walkability and bikeability have been used among priority populations.The most common self-report measure was the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS).The most common audit tools were the Pedestrian Environment Data Scan (PEDS) and Bridge the Gap Street Segment Tool.KEYWORDS: Auditbikeabilityequityinterventionself-reportwalkability Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2260133Additional informationFundingFunding to support this work was provided by the Public Health Agency of Canada. MS is supported by a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair on Urban Health Equity Among Young People (2020-2025). SS is supported by a postdoctoral training award from the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke.Notes on contributorsMartine ShareckMartine Shareck, Ph.D., is a population health researcher and Assistant Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the Université de Sherbrooke. She holds a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair (2020-2025) on urban environments and health equity among young people. Trained in social epidemiology, health promotion and health geography, she has expertise in ","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained liveable cities: the interface of liveability and resiliency","authors":"Sara Alidoust","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2260132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2260132","url":null,"abstract":"Cities across the world are challenged by acute and chronic problems. Liveability policies and plans have generally disregarded the impacts of unexpected shocks and disturbances on cities and the quality of life of communities. This paper argues that the resiliency of a city is a necessary condition for its liveability. Applying qualitative methodologies, the paper builds on in-depth semi-structured interviews to explore the interface between the concepts of liveability and resiliency. Findings suggested that urban planning and policy needs to address the institutionalised inequities built into our cities through ‘local living’. Planning sustained liveable cities was also perceived to be ‘people centred’. ‘Integrated long-term planning’, ‘responsiveness and adaptability’, ‘future-proofing’ and ‘sustainable development’ were also underlined as key principles of developing cities that are both liveable and resilient. These principles are, however, challenging to implement. Future studies need to investigate the mechanisms through which these can be translated into practice.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth and community health volunteers in informal settlements demand safe spaces and inclusion","authors":"Sarah Ouma, Jane Wairutu, Jacob Omondi","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2259168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2259168","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis visual essay showcases the collaborative efforts of Shack Dwellers International (SDI)-Kenya, a non-governmental organization, and Muungano wa Wanavijiji, the federation of the urban poor, in addressing health challenges and promoting inclusivity in Nairobi’s informal settlements. Through community-driven organizing, mapping and action-research the groups generated improved water, sanitation, education, roads, and affordable housing interventions. The collaboration leveraged community health volunteers (CHVs) and a vast network of young people to document and communicate health messages and implement actions. The collaborations expanded Muungano’s Know Your City TV (KYCTV) program, which employs tens of local youth to create media supporting community-wide awareness building of and mobilization for slum upgrading.KEYWORDS: Community driven interventionscommunity health volunteersyouthinformal settlements Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).CreditsWall murals: Mtua Arts. All Photos, KYCTV Team.Additional informationNotes on contributorsSarah OumaSarah Ouma is Communications Officer, SDI-K.Jane WairutuJane Wairutu is Programme Manager, SDI-K.Jacob OmondiJacob Omondi is a Federation leader of Muungano in Nairobi.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fostering healthy and sustainable nursery school food systems: the case study of Madrid City","authors":"Irene Vidal, Marta Fajó-Pascual, Sara Gutiérrez, Esther López, Bárbara Vázquez, Silvia García, Abel Esteban, Paola Hernández, Julia Diez, Manuel Franco","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2244680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2244680","url":null,"abstract":"City-based initiatives to improve eating habits are being developed. Although there is sufficient evidence of their potential impact, the largest gap lies in the translation of this knowledge into urban food policies and interventions. In this article, we describe the experience of the city of Madrid city healthy and sustainable nursery school food systems. Madrid, the third largest European city, is characterized by large social inequalities. Childhood overweight and obesity affect over 40% of children, with those from low socioeconomic status showing a higher prevalence. In Madrid, the ‘Healthy and Sustainable Food Strategies’ include collaborations between city officials, NGOs, food producers, and academics. We highlight two important achievements within nursery schools (72 centers covering 8,500 children aged 0-3 years) fostering healthier and more sustainable food systems. First, the development and implementation of health and environmental standards in public food procurement practices. Second, the establishment of collaborative Food Steering Groups between the Madrid Council childhood education department and civil society. Madrid’s experience might be of interest to other cities.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalysing effective social accountability systems through community participation","authors":"Smruti Jukur, Neele Wiltgen Georgi, R. Tolhurst, L. Whittaker, Kim Ozano, Vinod Kumar Rao","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2240478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2240478","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Worldwide, infrastructure expansion and visions of ‘slum-free cities’ displace people living in informal settlements. Without community participation in these processes and accountability mechanisms in place’ such displacement can adversely impact people’s health and well-being. This piece outlines SPARC’s (Society For Promotion of Area Resource Centres, SPARC is an NGO based in India promoting action of organised communities of urban poor to negotiate with the state on accessing tenure security, housing, sanitation and civic services) experience promoting community participation among residents of a relocation site in Ahmedabad, fostering coalescence, and rebuilding the dismantled community organisation to foster social accountability systems. The experience has reinforced learnings from previous work that poorly planned relocation increases the risk of impoverishment and negatively impacts residents’ social relations, which severely affects their ability to come together to demand social accountability. As such, we had to innovate our engagement strategies to rebuild trust and confidence and strengthen community participation and organisation, which we share here.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"95 1","pages":"982 - 990"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83693613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social return on investment: reflections on advancing the method within Cities & Health","authors":"Louise A. Mitchell, M. Hardman, T. Goodspeed, L. Atkinson, M. Howarth","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2192333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2192333","url":null,"abstract":"Social return on investment is a method which moves beyond merely return on investment and captures the complex nature of benefits derived from projects which are often unquantifiable (LSE 2019). It should be noted that there are numerous definitions and interpretations of the approach: it can be interpreted as a general approach, or a specific set of standards governed by Social Value International, or even as a ‘sustainable’ return on investment (see Bohmholdt 2014). The Social Return on Investment Network (2012) (now Social Value International) conceptualise it as:","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"34 1","pages":"677 - 681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88025517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research for city practice","authors":"Marcus Grant","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2247909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2247909","url":null,"abstract":"SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Evidence supports what we all know; that human health and planetary health are heavily influenced by the urban environments we create. However, outcomes for human and planetary health both show worrying trends of ongoing and increasing risks. These should be of global concern. It is imperative that we use policy, programmes and projects for testing solutions as core focus for urban interventions. This requires concerted action. Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting a multidirectional flow of knowledge to support such action. Our aim is to foster connections and conversations between researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, communities, and decision-makers in cities. That is the specific purpose of this innovative section of the journal, with its short ‘City Know-how’ policy briefings from research findings. The team at Cities & Health, and our two knowledge partners (International Society for Urban Health and SALUS.Global), invite you to join their networks, and contribute to the conversations we so urgently need. We call out internationally to communities, researchers, practitioners and policy-makers to consider publishing in Cities & Health to help influence urban policy.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"32 1","pages":"682 - 692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76878627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defensible space on the move: mobilisation in English housing policy and practice","authors":"Helen V. S. Cole","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2023.2246747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2246747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"28 1","pages":"697 - 698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83654353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}