{"title":"Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Focused Review of the Physical Methods of Permeation Enhancement","authors":"Rifath Sheikh Vaseem, Alison D’cruz, Srishti Shetty, Hafsa -, Aditya Vardhan, Shreya Shenoy R, Shirleen Miriam Marques, Lalit Kumar, Ruchi Verma","doi":"10.34172/apb.2024.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2024.018","url":null,"abstract":"The skin is the body's largest organ and serves as a site of administration for various medications. Transdermal drug delivery systems have several advantages over traditional delivery systems. It has both local and systemic therapeutic properties. Controlled plasma drug levels, reduced dosing frequency, and avoidance of hepatic first-pass metabolism are just a few of these systems' advantages. To achieve maximum efficacy, it is critical to understand the kinetics, physiochemical properties of the drug moiety, and drug transport route. This manuscript focused on the principles of various physical means to facilitate transdermal drug delivery. Some examples are iontophoresis, electrophoresis, photomechanical waves, ultrasound, needleless injections, and microneedles. Mechanical, chemical, magnetic, and electrical energy are all used in physical methods. A major advantage of physical methods is their capability to abbreviate pain, which can be used for effective disease management. Further investigation should be carried out at the clinical level to understand these methods for effective drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comprehensive review on Novel Lipid- Based nano drug delivery","authors":"Sonam Suresh Godase, Nilesh Shrikant Kulkarni, Shashikant Nivrutti Dhole","doi":"10.34172/apb.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"Novel drug delivery system opens the doors towards Nano/Micro formulation strategies to overcome the challenges associated with the poorly soluble and permeable drugs. Lipid based nanoparticles are widely accepted that includes liposomes, niosomes and micelles which are FDA approved. Such lipid based drug delivery allows delivery for natural phytoconstituents, BCS class II and class IV drugs are effectively delivered to improve its solubility, permeability and bioavailability. The article provides the recent advances and application of lipid based dosage form for improvement of therapeutic efficacy.","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AMPK signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease","authors":"Seyed Zanyar Athari, Fereshteh Farajdokht, Rana Keyhanmanesh, Gisou Mohaddes","doi":"10.34172/apb.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Genetic factors, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, cytotoxic factors, and mitochondrial dysfunction are all involved in neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. The risk of PD can be higher in aging individuals due to decreased mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) function. The potential of AMPK to regulate neurodegenerative disorders lies in its ability to enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, decrease mitophagy and macroautophagy, and inhibit inflammation. In addition, it has been shown that modulating the catalytic activity of AMPK can protect the nervous system. This article reviews the mechanisms by which AMPK activation can modulate PD.","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green formulation of spironolactone loaded chitosan coated nano lipid carrier for treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","authors":"Majid Saeedi, Katayoun Morteza-Semnani, Jafar Akbari, Zohreh Hajheydari, Amin Goodarzi, Seyyed Sohrab Rostamkalaei, Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Hashemi, Seyyed Mobin Rahimnia","doi":"10.34172/apb.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Spironolactone (SPN), which is classified as an anti-androgen, has demonstrated efficacy in treating acne. This study aimed to utilize ultrasonication to create a chitosan-coated nano lipid carrier (NLC) for enhancing the delivery of SPN to the skin and treating acne. Methods: Various Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) values were investigated to optimize the SPN-NLCs. Photon correlation spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize the solid state of SPN in nanoparticle form. Additionally, the optimized formulation was used in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Results: Reducing the HLB of the surfactant mixtures resulted in a reduction in the size of SPN-NLCs. The formula with the smallest particle diameter (238.4±0.74 nm) and the lowest HLB value (9.65) exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency of 79.88 ± 1.807%. Coating the optimized SPN-NLC with chitosan increased the diameter, PDI, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. In vitro skin absorption studies demonstrated sustained release profiles for chitosan-coated SPN-NLC. In the double-blind trial, a gel containing chitosan-coated SPN-NLC effectively treated mild to moderate acne vulgaris, leading to improved healing and reduced lesion count after 8 weeks of therapy compared to the placebo. It successfully addressed both non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions without adverse effects on the skin. Conclusion: The findings indicate that chitosan-coated SPN-NLCs have the potential as nanoparticles for targeted SPN delivery to the skin, offering novel options for the treatment of acne vulgaris.","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hager A Zalam, Ezz ElDeen Saeed El Denshary, Rania Mohsen, Islam Khlail, Mahmoud Khattab, Mohamed Hamzawy
{"title":"Revolutionizing hyperlipidemia treatment: Nanoencapsulated CoQ10 and selenium combat simvastatin-induced myopathy and insulin resistance in rats","authors":"Hager A Zalam, Ezz ElDeen Saeed El Denshary, Rania Mohsen, Islam Khlail, Mahmoud Khattab, Mohamed Hamzawy","doi":"10.34172/apb.2024.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a nanoencapsulated platform for Coenzyme Q10 (coQNPs) or selenium (SeNPs) and explore their potential therapeutic benefits in treating hyperlipidemia and combating simvastatin-induced myopathy and adverse reactions in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: The physical and chemical properties of the solid nanoparticles (SLNPs), coQNPs, and SeNPs were characterized, including zeta potential studies. Male Wistar albino rats were treated with various interventions for 112 days, including a nano-vehicle only, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with simvastatin alone, or with coQNPs or/ and SeNPs for the last 30 days. Results: The coQNPs and SeNPs exhibited uniform spherical shapes with high encapsulation efficiency (EE% 91.20 ±2.14 and 94.89 ±1.54, respectively). The results demonstrated that coQNPs and SeNPs effectively reduced hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, simvastatin-induced myopathy, and hepatotoxicity. However, combining simvastatin with coQNPs and SeNPs resulted in severe liver and muscle damage. Treatment with simvastatin and SeNPs or simvastatin and coQNPs alone showed significant improvements compared to simvastatin treatment alone. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the CoQNPs or SeNPs platforms offer advanced relief for hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance while limiting adverse effects such as myopathy and hepatotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saleh Rahmati, Hasan Taherkhani, Aliasghar Zarezadehmehrizi, Lida Moradi
{"title":"Does exercise affect cancer via reverse cholesterol transport process? A hypothesis which needs to be clarified by researchers","authors":"Saleh Rahmati, Hasan Taherkhani, Aliasghar Zarezadehmehrizi, Lida Moradi","doi":"10.34172/apb.2024.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2024.008","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonal Mehrotra, Pavan Kalyan BG, Pawan G Nayak, Alex Joseph, Jyothsna Manikkath
{"title":"Recent progress in the oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: Overview of pharmaceutical strategies to overcome absorption hurdles","authors":"Sonal Mehrotra, Pavan Kalyan BG, Pawan G Nayak, Alex Joseph, Jyothsna Manikkath","doi":"10.34172/apb.2024.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2024.009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This review aims to critically examine and summarize the innovations and mechanisms involved in oral delivery of peptide and protein drugs. Significance: Proteins and peptides have secured a place as excellent therapeutic moieties on account of their high selectivity and efficacy. However due to oral absorption limitations, current formulations are mostly delivered parenterally. Oral delivery of peptides and proteins can be considered the need of the hour due to the immense benefits of this route. Methods: Comprehensive literature search was undertaken, spanning the early development to the current state of the art, using online search tools (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Scopus). Results: Research in oral delivery of proteins and peptides has a long and rich history and the development of biologics has encouraged additional research effort in recent decades. Enzyme hydrolysis and inadequate permeation into intestinal mucosa are the major causes that result in limited oral absorption of biologics. Pharmaceutical and technological strategies including use of absorption enhancers, enzyme inhibition, chemical modification (PEGlyation, pro-drug approach, peptidomimetics, glycosylation), particulate delivery (polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, microspheres), site-specific delivery in the GIT, membrane transporters, novel approaches (self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, Eligen technology, peptelligence, self-assembling bubble carrier approach, luminal unfolding microneedle injector, microneedles) and lymphatic targeting, are discussed. Limitations of these strategies and future innovations for improving oral bioavailability of protein and peptide drugs are also discussed. Conclusion: This review underlines the application of oral route for peptide and protein delivery, which can direct the formulation scientist for better exploitation of this route.","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135237213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MicroRNAs as Targets for Cancer Diagnosis: Interests and Limitations.","authors":"Behrouz Shademan, Vahidreza Karamad, Alireza Nourazarian, Sepideh Masjedi, Alireza Isazadeh, Fatma Sogutlu, Cigir Biray Avcı","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.047","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.2023.047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs are small RNAs with ability to attach to the large number of RNA that regulate gene expression on post-transcriptional level via inhibition or degradation of specific mRNAs. MiRNAs in cells are the primary regulators of functions such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and considerably influence cell function. The expression levels of microRNAs change in human diseases, including cancer. These changes highlight their essential role in cancer pathogenesis. Ubiquitous irregular expression profiles of miRNAs have been detected in various human cancers using genome-wide identification techniques, which are emerging as novel diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarkers of high specificity and sensitivity. The measurable miRNAs with enhanced stability in blood, tissues, and other body fluids provide a comprehensive source of miRNA-dependent biomarkers for human cancers. The leading role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in human cancers is discussed in this article. In addition, the interests and difficulties of miRNAs as biomarkers have been explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"435-445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug Delivery of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) to Target Brain Tumors.","authors":"Soheil Mehrdadi","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain, predisposed to local and metastasized tumors, has always been the focus of oncological studies. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common invasive primary tumor of the brain, is responsible for 4% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite novel technologies, the average survival rate is 2 years. Physiological barriers such as blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevent drug molecules penetration into brain. Most of the pharmaceuticals present in the market cannot infiltrate BBB to have their maximum efficacy and this in turn imposes a major challenge. This mini review discusses GBM and physiological and biological barriers for anticancer drug delivery, challenges for drug delivery across BBB, drug delivery strategies focusing on SLNs and NLCs and their medical applications in on-going clinical trials. Numerous nanomedicines with various characteristics have been introduced in the last decades to overcome the delivery challenge. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were introduced as oral drug delivery nanomedicines which can be encapsulated by both hydrophilic and lipophilic pharmaceutical compounds. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, lower toxicity and side effects, enhanced bioavailability, solubility and permeability, prolonged half-life and stability and finally tissue-targeted drug delivery makes them unique among all.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"512-520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}