{"title":"Recent Updates in Vaccine Delivery through Microneedles.","authors":"Kasturi Pawar","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent coronavirus pandemic and its global socio-economic impact has re-emphasized the need for safe, fast, and efficient delivery of vaccines for humankind. With advent of technological advances, and to improve patient acquiescence, several techniques for fast, effective, and safe delivery of vaccines have been researched and published in the literature in last three decades. These delivery enhancement techniques include but are not limited to electroporation, microneedles (MN), ultrasound, iontophoresis, etc. This review aims at discussing the current research undergoing in vaccine delivery, specifically focusing on microneedles assisted, the historical background of microneedles and their introduction to drug delivery area, and a special focus on formulation challenges and stability in these systems. The review also sheds light on regulatory challenges one must keep in mind for bringing a successful microneedles-based vaccine delivery into market as well as a snapshot of current commercially available microneedles-based products in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10602002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khadijeh Dizaji Asl, Ali Rafat, Ali Akbar Movassaghpour, Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh, Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
{"title":"The Effect of Telomerase Inhibition on NK Cell Activity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.","authors":"Khadijeh Dizaji Asl, Ali Rafat, Ali Akbar Movassaghpour, Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh, Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is known to be an invasive and highly lethal hematological malignancy in adults and children. Resistance to the present treatments, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy with their side effects and telomere length shortening are the main cause of the mortality in AML patients. Telomeres sequence which are located at the end of eukaryotic chromosome play pivotal role in genomic stability. Recent studies have shown that apoptosis process is blocked in AML patient by the excessive telomerase activity in cancerous blasts. Therefore, the find of effective ways to prevent disease progression has been considered by the researchers. Natural killer (NK) cells as granular effector cells play a critical role in elimination of abnormal and tumor cells. Given that the cytotoxic function of NK cells is disrupted in the AML patients, we investigated the effect of telomerase inhibitors on NK cell differentiation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> To evaluate telomerase inhibition on NK cell differentiation, the expression of CD105, CD56, CD57, and KIRs was evaluated in CD34<sup>+</sup> derived NK cells after incubation of them with BIBR1532. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results showed that the expression of CD105, CD56, CD57, and KIRs receptors reduces after telomerase inhibition. According to these findings, BIBR1532 affected the final differentiation of NK cells. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results revealed that telomerase inhibitor drugs suppress cancer cell progression in a NK cells-independent process.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruna Alexandre Oliveira da Silva, Isabela Spido Dias, Luís Eduardo Sarto, Elba Pereira de Gois, Claudia Torres, Eduardo Tonon de Almeida, Cibele Marli Cação Paiva Gouvêa
{"title":"Cytotoxicity Induced by Newly Synthesized Palladium (II) Complexes Lead to the Death of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 Cancer Cell Lines.","authors":"Bruna Alexandre Oliveira da Silva, Isabela Spido Dias, Luís Eduardo Sarto, Elba Pereira de Gois, Claudia Torres, Eduardo Tonon de Almeida, Cibele Marli Cação Paiva Gouvêa","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i><b>Purpose:</b></i> Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy and melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Traditional therapy for cancer treatment is far from satisfactory due to drug resistance and side effects, thus a search for new medicines is being emphasized. Palladium(II) complexes have been reported as anticancer potential agents. In this work, the anticancer activities and cell death induction of a new series of square-planar Pd(II) complexes were evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cancer cells. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) and MDA-MB-435 (melanoma) cells were cultivated, and treated with ligand and Pd(II) complexes. Cell growth, migration and adhesion inhibition, morphological alterations, cell death induction and, DNA interaction upon treatment were studied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Pd(II) complexes exhibited both short and long-term antiproliferative effects on both cell lines, reducing by 80% cell growth in the SRB assay and abolishing longterm proliferation, estimated by the clonogenic assay. Complexes reduced significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) cell migration and adhesion when compared to the control group. Complexes induced morphological alterations in cell lines and significant (<i>P</i><0.05) cellular shrinkage. Cell death was induced and the complexes were able to interact with DNA, inducing cleavage of double-stranded DNA, which may account for the complexes cytotoxic effects, observed against both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cells. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Overall, the complexes exhibited cytotoxic activities and induced cell death. These observations emphasize an anticancer role with a potential therapeutic value for Pd(II) complexes to improve the outcome of patients with breast cancer and melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"160-169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cell Injury Induced by Methimazole on Pancreatic Cells.","authors":"Özge Yazıcı, Mehtap Kara, Tuğçe Boran, Gul Ozhan","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.042","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Methimazole is an anti-thyroid agent, especially as main therapy option for Graves’ disease in children and adults. Drug induced pancreatitis is one of the known adverse effect of methimazole mentioned in case reports. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of methimazole-induced pancreatitis are still unclear. In this study, the aim is to investigate the adverse effect of methimazole on pancreas cell stress mechanism and apoptosis. Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated in human pancreas/duct (PANC-1) cell line. Total oxidant (TOS) and antioxidant status (TAS) for oxidative stress index, glutathione (GSH) level and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers were evaluated by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis were evaluated by flow-cytometer. Results: The 30% inhibition rate concentration (IC30) value was determined as 53 mM in PANC1 cells. The exposure concentrations were in the range of 0-40 mM for 48 hours. Methimazole might induce cellular stress conditions. ROS production increases depending on concentration, and this increase shows parallelism with the increase in ER stress biomarkers such as TOS, ERN1 and CASPASE12. Conversely, there was no significant difference between control and exposure groups in terms of apoptosis. Conclusion: In conclusion, methimazole might have triggered the mechanisms of inflammation or autophagy in the pancreatic cells. However, there is still a need for in vitro and in vivo studies including other cellular parameters related to apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"196-201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10599941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morteza Golbashirzadeh, Hamid Reza Heidari, Mehdi Talebi, Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
{"title":"Ferroptosis as a Potential Cell Death Mechanism Against Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Cancer Cell Line.","authors":"Morteza Golbashirzadeh, Hamid Reza Heidari, Mehdi Talebi, Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Drug resistance is a challenging issue in cancer chemotherapy. Cell death induction is one of the main strategies to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Notably, ferroptosis has been considered a critical cell death mechanism in recent years. Accordingly, in this study, the different cell death strategies focused on ferroptosis have been utilized to overcome cisplatin resistance in an <i>in vitro</i> lung cancer model. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The physiological functions of Akt1 and GPX4, as critical targets for ferroptosis and apoptosis induction, were suppressed by siRNA or antagonistic agents in resistant A549 cells. Afterward, the interventions' impacts on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount were analyzed by flow cytometry. Moreover, the alteration in the relevant gene and protein expression levels were quantified using Real-time PCR and western blot methods. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The result showed that the treatment with <i>Akt1</i> siRNA reversed the cisplatin resistance in the A549 cell line through the induction of apoptosis. Likewise, the combination treatment of the <i>GPX4</i> siRNA or FIN56 as ferroptosis inducers alongside cisplatin elevated ROS's cellular level, reduced the cellular antioxidant genes level and increased the cisplatin cytotoxic effect. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In conclusion, our study indicated that ferroptosis induction can be considered a promising cell death strategy in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"176-187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10593444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Silibinin Effect on U-CH2 and MCF-7 Cell Lines through xCELLigence System.","authors":"Zohreh Jahanafrooz, Beate Rinner","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"Silibinin is an herbal polyphenol with high antioxidant and anticancer properties. In this study, its influence on U-CH2 (human sacral chordoma cell line) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) cells was investigated and compared. We analyzed real-time cell viability by xCELLigence system. It was found that the cytotoxic effect of silibinin began about 10 hours after administration. Silibinin differentially influenced MCF-7 and U-CH2 cells and caused decrease in the cell index value of MCF-7 cells more than U-CH2 cells (more than 2 times) at 24 h. This suggests that silibinin is a promising drug for breast cancer but less favorable for chordoma.","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10599945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoud Aman Mohammadi, Parastou Farshi, Parisa Ahmadi, Azam Ahmadi, Mohammad Yousefi, Marjan Ghorbani, Seyede Marzieh Hosseini
{"title":"Encapsulation of Vitamins Using Nanoliposome: Recent Advances and Perspectives.","authors":"Masoud Aman Mohammadi, Parastou Farshi, Parisa Ahmadi, Azam Ahmadi, Mohammad Yousefi, Marjan Ghorbani, Seyede Marzieh Hosseini","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays the importance of vitamins is clear for everyone. However, many patients are suffering from insufficient intake of vitamins. Incomplete intake of different vitamins from food sources due to their destruction during food processing or decrease in their bioavailability when mixing with other food materials, are factors resulting in vitamin deficiency in the body. Therefore, various lipid based nanocarriers such as nanoliposomes were developed to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Since the function of nanoliposomes containing vitamins on the body has a direct relationship with the quality of produced nanoliposomes, this review study was planned to investigate the several aspects of liposomal characteristics such as size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency on the quality of synthesized vitamin-loaded nanoliposomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"48-68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10593441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan Eddis Effendy, Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin, Amirah Mohd Gazzali, Srimala Sreekantan
{"title":"Localised Delivery of Cisplatin from Chitosan-Coated Titania Nanotube Array Nanosystems Targeting Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.","authors":"Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan Eddis Effendy, Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin, Amirah Mohd Gazzali, Srimala Sreekantan","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i><b>Pupose:</b></i> Cisplatin (CDDP), while amongst the recognised chemotherapeutic drugs currently available, is known to have limitations; the lack of a single treatment approach and non-specific targeted therapies. Therefore, the development of an innovative strategy that could achieve localised CDDP treatment is an urgent undertaking. Recent advances in titania nanotube arrays (TNAs) technology have demonstrated promising applications for localised chemotherapeutic drug treatment. The present work investigated the efficiency of a TNA nanosystem for the localised CDDP treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two models of the TNA nanosystem were prepared: CDDP loaded onto the TNA nanosystem surface (CDDP-TNA) and the other consisted of chitosan-coated CDDP-TNA. CDDP release from these two nanosystems was comprehensively tested on the NPC cells NPC/HK-1 and C666-1. The NPC cytotoxicity profile of the two CDDP-TNA nanosystems was evaluated after incubation for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Intracellular damage profiles were studied using fluorescence microscopy analysis with Hoechst 33342, acridine orange and propidium iodide. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>) of CDDP at 24 hours were 0.50 mM for NPC/HK-1 and 0.05 mM for C666-1. CDDP in the CDDP-TNA and chitosan-coated CDDPTNA models presented a significant degree of NPC inhibition (<i>P</i><0.05) after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure. The outcome revealed cellular damage and shrinkage of the cell membranes after 48 hours of exposure to CDDP-TNA. <i><b>Conclusion:</b></i> This <i>in vitro</i> work demonstrated the effectiveness of TNA nanosystems for the localised CDDP treatment of NPC cells. Further <i>in vivo</i> studies are needed to support the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10599947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa Cicek, Velid Unsal, Arif Emre, Adem Doganer
{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Apigenin, a Possible Therapeutic Agent, on Cytotoxic and SWH Pathway in Colorectal Cancer (HT29) Cells.","authors":"Mustafa Cicek, Velid Unsal, Arif Emre, Adem Doganer","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies in humans, still leading to serious morbidity and mortality. We here aimed to investigate the effects of flavonoid apigenin, which is considered to have anti-tumoral activity on CRC with high epidemiological prevalence, on cell proliferation and cell survivals, and the positive and negative dose-dependent effects of genetic or mutational alterations in SWH pathway components on HT29 CRC cell lines. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Human colon cancer cell lines HT-29 were commercially available. In each flask, 5 groups were formed, each of which consists of 5,000 cells for different dose groups and the cells were plated. After a 24 and 48 h incubation period, cytotoxicity values were measured by MTT assay and gene expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis method. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Application of 12.5 and 25 nM of apigenin significantly increased cell death in HT29 cell lines. LATS1, STK3 and TP53 gene expression decreased in the same dose groups compared to control and other groups. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> It has been concluded that TP53 gene is strongly correlated with LATS1 and STK3 genes among the SWH pathway factors in the progression of CRC and could be used as an important marker for early detection of malignant transmission. In addition, it may be effective in CRC cases especially when 25 nM of apigenin applies for therapeutic purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"188-195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10602004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luísa Biscaglia Miquelotti, Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari, Luana Mota Ferreira
{"title":"Immunotherapy in Cancer Management: A Literature Review of Clinical Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Luísa Biscaglia Miquelotti, Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari, Luana Mota Ferreira","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Cancer is a global public health problem that affects millions of people every year and the immunotherapy has been a promising alternative for its treatment. The aim of this study was to gather data concerning the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), emphasizing pembrolizumb, a humanized antibody. This study also reports the role of immunotherapy in cancer treatments, contemplating the anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-L1 and anti PD-1 action in lymphocyte T cells. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A bibliographic review was performed using Pubmed, SCIELO and SCOPUS databases, screening the scientific studies published within the last 5 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seven clinical trials were selected to discuss the benefits of pembrolizumab as NSCLC therapy in untreated and previously treated patients, considering or not the tumor proportion score (TPS). It was found that NSCLC occurs with great frequency in Brazil and worldwide, presenting a poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis in most cases. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for NSCLC because its benefits overcome its risks compared to other therapies. Besides, the studies evidenced the efficiency of pembrolizumab as monotherapy or in association whit chemotherapy, in the first or second line of treatment and, additionally, patient's whit TPS ≥ 50% seem to have a greater benefit from the treatment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The data collected herein showed that pembrolizumab is a very promising, effective, and safe treatment option against NSCLC. Lastly, it is important to highlight the relevance of review's studies, since they are easy-to-read materials, collecting relevant information on a subject.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"88-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}