Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin最新文献

{"title":"The Long Journey of Extracellular Vesicles towards Global Scientific Acclamation.","authors":"Marco Pirisinu","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous class of cell-derived vesicles that are responsible for eliciting a wide array of biological processes. After decades of intense investigation, the therapeutic potential of EVs will be finally explored in a series of upcoming clinical trials. EVs are rapidly changing the understanding of human physiology and will undoubtedly transform the field of medicine. The applicability of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment vectors has captured the attention of the scientific community and investors, facilitating the rapid progression of numerous EVs-based platforms. This mini-review provides an outline of the pioneering discoveries, and their respective significances, on progressing EVs toward clinical use. We focus the attention of the readers on several promising classes of EVs that hold major opportunities to translate in clinical practice. Market analysis and future challenges facing EVs-based therapies are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"489-501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Turmeric Concentrate on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Healthy Volunteers; an Exploratory Study.","authors":"Maha Noordin Abu Hajleh,&nbsp;Emad Abdol Sahib Al-Dujaili","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Evidence suggests that turmeric intake can improve antioxidant defense, blood pressure (BP), ageing and gut microbiota. The effects of turmeric concentrate (curcumin) intake on cardiovascular risk factors and exercise induced oxidative stress were investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the effects of turmeric extract in healthy volunteers before and after a 30 min exercise bout. Participants (n=22) were given either turmeric concentrate or placebo supplements. Anthropometry, BP, pulse wave velocity (PWV), biomarkers of oxidative stress, perceived exertion and lipid peroxidation were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the turmeric group, the expected BP response to exercise following turmeric was blunted and the increase was not significant compared to basal values followed by a decrease in final BP and PWV values. There were no significant differences in all baseline parameters between the placebo and the curcumin groups (<i>P</i>>0.05). A significant increase was observed in urinary antioxidant power (<i>P</i>=0.031) and total polyphenol levels (<i>P</i>=0.022) post turmeric intervention. The distance ran by the participants taking turmeric was significantly longer (<i>P</i>=0.005) compared to basal value. Those who took the placebo did not show significant changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggests that turmeric concentrate intake can reduce BP and improve antioxidant, anti-inflammatory status and arterial compliance. Turmeric may improve exercise performance and ameliorates oxidative stress. Larger studies are warranted to validate these findings and test more cardiovascular risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"601-610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10123438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD44 Suppression Improved the Chemosensitivity of HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil and Inhibited Cell Migration.","authors":"Souzan Najafi,&nbsp;Zohreh Rahimi,&nbsp;Behzad Mansoori,&nbsp;Ali Mohammadi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mohammadnejad,&nbsp;Mohammad Amini,&nbsp;Ahad Mokhtazadeh,&nbsp;Zahra Asadzadeh,&nbsp;William Chi-Shing Cho,&nbsp;Behzad Baradaran","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>CD44 plays a pivotal role through tumorigenesis by regulating cancer cell metastasis, stemness, and chemosensitivity and is considered a promising therapeutic target for human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, the present research aimed to examine the simultaneous therapeutic effect of CD44 silencing and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on <i>in vitro</i> tumorigenesis of CRC cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CD44 expression was initially evaluated in TCGA datasets and CRC tissues. Furthermore, functional analysis was performed on HT-29 CRC cells overexpressing CD44. The cells were transfected with CD44 siRNA and then treated with 5-FU. Consequently, to explore the combination therapy effect on cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and chromatin fragmentation, we performed MTT assay, scratch assay, Annexin V/PI staining and DAPI staining assays, respectively. The spheroid and colony formation assays were further employed to investigate stemness features. The gene expression at protein and mRNA levels were explored using western blotting and qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings illustrated that CD44 was significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues compared to normal samples. The suppression of CD44 considerably promoted the chemosensitivity of HT-29 cells to 5-FU by apoptosis induction. Also, the combination therapy led to overexpression of apoptotic genes, including P53, caspase-3, and caspase-9, as well as downregulation of AKT1 expression. Furthermore, CD44 suppression, separately or combined with 5-FU, hindered stemness properties in HT-29 cells via downregulation of Sox2 and Nanog expression. Besides, the combination therapy remarkably downregulated MMPs and suppressed CRC cell migration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering its involvement in chemosensitivity to 5-FU, CD44 could be suggested as a potential target for improving the efficiency of CRC chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"551-562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers and its Application in Drug Delivery through Different Routes.","authors":"Shadab Khan,&nbsp;Ajay Sharma,&nbsp;Vikas Jain","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) are nano-sized colloidal drug delivery system that contains a lipid mixture consisting of both solid and liquid lipids in their core. This Lipid-Based Nanosystem is introduced as a biocompatible, non-toxic, and safe nano-drug delivery system as compared to polymeric or metallic nanoparticles. Due to its safety, stability, and high drug loading capacity compared to other lipid-based nanocarriers, NLC gained the attention of researchers to formulate safe and effective drug carriers. The ability to increase drug solubility and permeability while encapsulating the drug in a lipidic shell makes them an ideal carrier for drug delivery through difficult-to-achieve routes. Surface modification of NLC and the use of various additives result in drug targeting and increased residence time. With such qualities, NLCs can be used to treat a variety of diseases such as cancer, infections, neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and pain management. This review focuses on the recent developments being made to deliver the drugs and genes through different routes via these nanocarriers. Here, we also discuss about historical background, structure, types of NLC and commonly employed techniques for manufacturing lipid-based nanocarriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"446-460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10176427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression, Purification and Characterization of Functional Teduglutide Using GST Fusion System in Prokaryotic Cells.","authors":"Ali Akbar Alizadeh,&nbsp;Saba Rasouli,&nbsp;Omid Jamshidi Kandjani,&nbsp;Salar Hemmati,&nbsp;Siavoush Dastmalchi","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Teduglutide is the first and only FDA-approved drug for long-term treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS). The current study aimed to present an approach for production of teduglutide using recombinant DNA technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The coding gene for teduglutide was cloned into pGEX-2T vector, where coding sequence for factor Xa cleavage site was added between GST and teduglutide coding genes. The GST-teduglutide protein was overexpressed in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) strain and affinity purified using glutathione sepharose affinity column.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On-column proteolytic activity of factor Xa followed by size exclusion chromatography resulted in the pure teduglutide. Circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimetry showed that the produced teduglutide folds into mainly α-helical structure (>50%), as expected. In mass spectroscopy analysis, the fragments of teduglutide resulted by cyanogen bromide cleavage as well as those expected theoretically due to mass fragmentation were identified. The functionality of the produced peptide was evaluated by measuring its proliferative effect on Caco2 intestinal epithelial cells, and the results indicated that produced teduglutide induces cell proliferation by 19±0.30 and 33±7.82 % at 1.21 and 3.64 µM concentrations, respectively, compared to untreated cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Teduglutide was successfully expressed and purified and its functionality and structural integrity were confirmed by <i>in vitro</i> experiments. We believe that the experimental-scale method presented in the current study can be useful for pilot-scale and also industrial-scale production of teduglutide.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"592-600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Potent Anticancer Peptides by Aurein 1.2 Key Residues Mutation and Catenate Cell-Penetrating Peptide.","authors":"Hamta Salarpour Garnaie,&nbsp;Arman Shahabi,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh,&nbsp;Abolfazel Barzegar,&nbsp;Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Aurein 1.2 (Aur) peptide is known for possessing anticancer characteristics devoid of conventional therapeutics side effects. For improving Aur peptide anticancer functionality, different anticancer peptides were constructed based on Aur peptide through targeting two separate strategies, including (1) sequence-based mutations and (2) adding a cell-penetrating peptide linker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was approached by designing three different analogs of Aur, including (a) Aur mutant (Aur_m), (b) Aur with N-terminal polyarginine linker (R5-Aur), and (c) Aur_m with R5 (R5-Aur_m). Computational molecular dynamics simulations clearly showed higher structural stability of R5-Aur and R5-Aur_m compared to Aur, solely. The α-helical properties of R5-Aur and R5-Aur_m were protected during 500 ns simulations in water solution while no such structural conservation was seen for Aur <i>in silico</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the current study highlight response to one of the main challenges of cancer therapy through selective invasion of Aur to cancer cells without significant involvement of normal cells. This issue was confirmed by different assays, including: MTT assay, flow cytometry, qPCR, and nuclei morphological observations. Furthermore, this study intensifies exploiting <i>in silico</i> approaches for adjusting drug delivery. The results of different assessments on designed peptides reveal an anticancer activity pattern rising from Aur toward Aur_m, and R5- Aur, consecutively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The designed structure of Aur shows improved anticancer activity through molecular changes which makes it suggestable for anticancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"583-591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Basic Amino Acids and Glucosamine on the Solubility of Ibuprofen and Piroxicam.","authors":"Hadi Valizadeh,&nbsp;Somayeh Mahdinloo,&nbsp;Negin Zakeri,&nbsp;Muhammad Sarfraz,&nbsp;Saeed Nezafat,&nbsp;Parvin Zakeri-Milani","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Poor aqueous solubility hampers the development of several compounds as pharmacological agents. Hence, preparing novel formulations with augmented absorption is a challenge in pharmaceutical industries. In this paper, we have examined the effect of basic amino acids including arginine (ARG), lysine (LYS), and glucosamine (GlucN) on the solubility of ibuprofen (IBU) and piroxicam (PXM) as drugs with limited solubility. We have also studied the effect of the dissolution media with the pH values 1.2 to 7.4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The saturation shake-flask method was used for solubility studies in the presence of amino acids. Briefly, buffer solutions containing different concentrations of amino acids were prepared. Then, an excess amount of each drug with these buffers was shaken to reach equilibrium. After 48 hours, the upper phase was separated, and solubility was calculated by reading their UV-Vis absorbance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results illustrated that amino acids increased solubility of both drugs with different ratios, which were pH and concentration-dependent. Solubility improved as the amount of amino acids went up, and this upward pattern was more robust with ARG than LYS. The presence of GlucN in citrate buffer significantly enhanced IBU solubility. The solubility of PXM in accompany of GlucN in water did not change significantly while in citrate buffer solubility enhanced specially at pH 6.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, GlucN in citrate buffer and ARG in phosphate buffer could be introduced as the most suitable media for IBU and PXM solubility improvement, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"532-538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, Purification and Performance Evaluation of Polyclonal Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Produced in Rat.","authors":"Fatemeh Yaghoobizadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Roayaei Ardakani,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar,&nbsp;Mohammad Khosravi,&nbsp;Hamid Galehdari","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Among all known human coronaviruses, some viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) cause severe pneumonia or even death. With the regard to its spread and the importance of its rapid identification/treatment, and because pAbs are relatively cheap, able to bind to more sites on antigens and even neutralize them, this study was done for the production and purification of anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibodies (pAb) in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Viral antigen purification was performed by PEG/NaCl precipitation. The efficiency of the sucrose cushion method was also investigated to produce a purer antigen. Immunization was done and antibody purification was performed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (33%), dialysis, and ion-exchange chromatography. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to verify the antibody specificity. All data were analyzed by SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the amount of concentrated virus increased with the increase of PEG concentration. Moreover, the sucrose cushion method increased its purity. Besides, induction of immune response in rats for pAb production with high titers was reached via these antigens and ELISA/western blot results indicated a suitable antibody-antigen interaction. Additionally, it was shown that ion-exchange chromatography could be a suitable technique for IgG purification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Herein, we presented a simple and cheap method for the purification of whole viral particles with relatively high quality. The results verified that these antigens could elicit a good immune response in the rat. The obtained pAbs showed a good specificity toward SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Accordingly, this study proposes a promising method for viral vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"563-572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10176428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNAs and Periodontal Disease: Helpful Therapeutic Targets?","authors":"Abdolhakim Palideh,&nbsp;Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari,&nbsp;Ali Nosrati Andevari,&nbsp;Durdi Qujeq,&nbsp;Zatollah Asemi,&nbsp;Forough Alemi,&nbsp;Hemmatollah Rouhani Otaghsara,&nbsp;Sona Rafieyan,&nbsp;Bahman Yousefi","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease. This disease can be considered as an inflammatory disease. The immune response to bacteria accumulated in the gum line plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In addition to immune cells, periodontal ligament cells and gingival epithelial cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. miRNAs which are small RNA molecules with around 22 nucleotides have a considerable relationship with the immune system affecting a wide range of immunological events. These small molecules are also in relation with periodontium tissues especially periodontal ligament cells. Extensive studies have been performed in recent years on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this review paper, we have reviewed the results of these studies and discussed the role of miRNAs in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease comprehensively. miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and maybe helpful therapeutic targets for the treatment of periodontal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"423-434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10176426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus-Specific T Cells: Promising Adoptive T Cell Therapy Against Infectious Diseases Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Arsalan Jalili,&nbsp;Abbas Hajifathali,&nbsp;Mozhdeh Mohammadian,&nbsp;Ghazaleh Sankanian,&nbsp;Maryam Sayahinouri,&nbsp;Mahmoud Dehghani Ghorbi,&nbsp;Elham Roshandel,&nbsp;Nasser Aghdami","doi":"10.34172/apb.2023.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2023.046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving therapy for various hematologic disorders. Due to the bone marrow suppression and its long recovery period, secondary infections, like cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Bar virus (EBV), and adenovirus (AdV), are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in HSCT cases. Drug resistance to the antiviral pharmacotherapies makes researchers develop adoptive T cell therapies like virus-specific T cell therapy. These studies have faced major challenges such as finding the most effective T cell expansion methods, isolating the expected subtype, defining the functionality of the end-cell population, product quality control, and clinical complications after the injection. This review discusses the viral infections after HSCT, T cells characteristics during chronic viral infection, application of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) for refractory infections, standard methods for producing VSTs and their limitation, clinical experiences on VSTs, focusing on outcomes and side effects that can be helpful in decision-making for patients and further researches.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"13 3","pages":"469-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}