Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Developmental stages of <i>Sarcocystis</i> spp. in wild birds from Southeastern Brazil, with a review of Accipitriformes-associated species.","authors":"Carlos Nei Ortúzar-Ferreira, Rodrigo Gredilha-Duarte, Gabriela de Carvalho Cid, Bruno Pereira Berto, Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm006225","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm006225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Sarcocystis</i> comprises apicomplexan parasites associated with clinical manifestations, including reproductive and neurological disorders, in a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Infections by <i>Sarcocystis</i> spp. have been reported in birds on all continents except Antarctica. In this context, the present study reports two cases in which <i>Sarcocystis</i> spp. were identified at different developmental stages, endogenous and exogenous, in wild birds captured in Southeastern Brazil. Oocysts and sporocysts were detected in the feces of a roadside hawk <i>Rupornis magnirostris</i>, captured on Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. In addition, bradyzoite cysts were observed in the muscle tissue of a rufous-bellied thrush <i>Turdus rufiventris</i>, captured in Itatiaia National Park. Accordingly, this study provides comments on the parasitic dynamics of <i>Sarcocystis</i> spp. in a wild environment and discusses the potential species involved in these host-parasite associations. For <i>Sarcocystis</i> sp. detected in the rufous-bellied thrush, based on evidence from previous studies, we strongly suggest that this species is <i>Sarcocystis falcatula</i>. In contrast, for <i>Sarcocystis</i> sp. detected from the roadside hawk, no specific species assignment can be made, as data on hawks acting as definitive hosts of <i>Sarcocystis</i> spp. in South America remain scarce. Although <i>S. falcatula</i> may involve Accipitriformes in its life cycle, members of this order are considered intermediate rather than definitive hosts for this species. Therefore, we present herein a survey of <i>Sarcocystis</i> spp. that involve Accipitriformes in their life cycles, including comparative data on sporocyst measurements for each species.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e006225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12919893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147273224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Casuistry of oncological diseases in dogs, focusing on bone tumors treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of the Republic, Uruguay (2018-2023).","authors":"Melanie Bazzano Pereira, Rosina Sánchez Solé, Alicia Decuadro Barboza, Carlos Fonseca Alves, Paula Pessina Serdio","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm010325","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm010325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the geriatric canine population; however, there are no updated epidemiological data in Uruguay. In this retrospective study, 963 cases of canine cancer diagnosed between 2018 and 2023 at the Veterinary Hospital Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (VHC-FVM), Uruguay, were analyzed. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to assess associations between demographic variables and tumor distribution. Neoplasms of the skin and subcutaneous tissue were the most frequently diagnosed, followed by musculoskeletal and hemolymphatic tumors. A higher proportion of cases were observed in females, most of which were spayed. Skin tumors were more common in intact males, whereas spayed females were more frequently affected by musculoskeletal tumors. The highest number of cases occurred in dogs aged 6 to 10 years, followed by those older than 11 years, and the lowest frequency was observed in dogs aged 0 to 5 years. Among bone tumors, osteosarcoma was the most common type, affecting mainly large breeds and predominantly the appendicular skeleton, particularly the forelimbs. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex, age, reproductive status, and race in cancer surveillance. From a clinical perspective, such information can guide early diagnosis strategies, improve case follow-up, and support preventive initiatives. In addition, the establishment of local and regional cancer registries is essential for advancing veterinary oncology research and strengthening the understanding of cancer epidemiology in Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e010325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraosseous epidermoid cyst in the digit of an atopic dog with chronic pododermatitis: case report.","authors":"Cristiane Deon Figueiredo, Daniela Flores Fernandes, Juliana Maciel Cassali Vieira, Renata Bianco Demartini","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm009225","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm009225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidermoid cysts are non-neoplastic lesions characterized by a cavity lined by stratified squamous keratinized epithelium and filled with lamellar keratin. While dermal epidermoid cysts are commonly observed in dogs, the intraosseous form is rarely reported. These cysts must be differentiated from other digital lesions involving bone, particularly malignant tumors, as the latter often require more extensive surgical intervention for definitive management. This report describes a case of an intraosseous epidermoid cyst in a dog diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and chronic pododermatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e009225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebral hemangiosarcoma as a cause of spinal cord compression in a dog.","authors":"Fernanda Barthelson Carvalho de Moura, Pedro Pol Ximenes, Silmara Santos Lazzaretti, Emerson Gonçalves Martins de Siqueira, John Kastelic, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca Alves, Didier Quevedo Cagnini","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm009425","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm009425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasia is relatively rare in most domestic animal species, except dogs and cats, being directly associated with aging. On the other hand, hemangiosarcoma, lymphoma, mammary carcinoma and melanoma are the most common secondary tumors affecting CNS. They usually represent metastasis, and less frequently arising from nearby areas that infiltrate or compress CNS normal tissue, resulting in neurological clinical signs. This case report documents a 10-year-old female spayed Pinscher presenting with severe thoracolumbar pain and paraplegia due to a primary vertebral hemangiosarcoma (HSA). CT revealed a lytic lesion in the L1 vertebra causing dorsal displacement and spinal cord compression. Surgical removal of the neoplasm involved a bloc vertebral resection and stabilization with screws, cement, and soft tissue reconstruction, leading to marked clinical improvement. Histopathology confirmed an infiltrative primary bone HSA with positive immunohistochemical staining for endothelial marker. Postoperative adjuvant therapy with metronomic cyclophosphamide and propranolol was associated with extended survival and maintained quality of life over 13 months. This report underscores the importance of combined surgical and chemotherapeutic management for primary vertebral HSA in dogs, and this neoplasm as a less likely differential diagnosis for local invasive compressive neoplasms in CNS in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e0009425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical study of gasless laparoscopy for radical nephrectomies in canine cadavers.","authors":"Vanessa Milech, Bernardo Nascimento Antunes, Pâmela Caye, Hellen Fialho Hartmann, Marcella Teixeira Linhares, Vinicius da Silva Cadiñanos, Maurício Veloso Brun","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm008625","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm008625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we aimed to verify the feasibility of the multidirectional traction platform in performing gasless laparoscopic nephrectomies on dog cadavers. The cadavers were divided into two groups: those subjected to gasless laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (GCG) and those subjected to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with pneumoperitoneum (GCP). The total surgical time, time for each stage of the procedure, and intraoperative complications were recorded. Using the Likert scale and visual analog scale (VAS), the surgeon and assistant assessed the degree of difficulty of each surgical approach. The total surgical time for nephrectomy was longer in the GCG group (p<0.01). Similarly, differences in the steps of positioning portal 2, establishing the abdominal elevation equipment, dissecting the vessels of the renal hilum, and dissecting the kidney from the fascia renal disease were also longer in the GCG group (p<0.05). A significant interaction was observed between the surgical group and the side of surgery, and the variable time to remove the kidney from the abdominal cavity (p=0.02) was longer in the GCG group. In the evaluation of the surgeon and assistant, the groups differed in all parameters, indicating the degree of difficulty of surgical approaches on a Likert scale (p<0.05). On the VAS scale, we observed a higher response in the GCG group (p<0.01). The multidirectional abdominal traction device used in this study enabled the performance of gasless laparoscopic radical nephrectomies on dog cadavers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e008625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the nature of solid feed influence rumen development? A comparative study of calves fed a high milk replacer with starter concentrate or alfalfa hay.","authors":"Noelia Vazquez, Dellis Dos Santos, Rody Artigas, Germán Antúnez, Nicolás Amaro, Mario López, Richard Mas, Cecilia Cajarville","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm009725","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm009725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of two milk replacer-based diets, one supplemented with starter feed and the other with alfalfa hay, on rumen development in preweaned Holstein calves. Twenty newborn male calves were fed 8 L/day of milk replacer plus either starter feed (group A) or alfalfa hay (group B) <i>ad libitum</i> for 10 weeks. Rumen morphometry and histological features were assessed via gross anatomical evaluation, histology, and scanning electron microscopy. The calves in group A consumed significantly more solid feed and exhibited greater papillae development, with higher papillae height, width, and density per cm², than those in group B. Moreover, the surface enlargement factor was consistently greater in group A across ruminal regions, except in the caudodorsal blind sac (<i>saccus cecus caudodorsalis</i>; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Empty rumen weight was also higher in starter-fed calves, suggesting enhanced mucosal development and absorptive capacity. Notably, keratin layer thickness did not explain the observed differences between the groups. Despite similar final body weights and growth, calves supplemented with starter feed showed greater rumen papillae development and absorptive surface area than those supplemented with alfalfa hay. These findings suggest that starter feeding during high milk allowance promotes epithelial maturation and enhances post-weaning absorption of fermentation products.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e009725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12818297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of total parenteral nutrition and electrolyte solutions with or without glutamine on the hormonal profiles of horses subjected to exploratory laparotomy.","authors":"Cintia Ferreira, Maristela Silveira Palhares, Ubiratan Pereira de Melo, Fabíola de Oliveira Paes Leme, Renata de Pino Albuquerque Maranhão, Hélio Chiarini Garcia, Valentim Arabicano Gheller","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005725","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Starvation and nutritional support clinically influence horses, particularly during the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and post-surgical recovery. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different nutritional strategies on the endocrine response of horses subjected to exploratory laparotomy followed by food deprivation. Sixteen healthy adult horses were randomly allocated into four groups (n=4) based on treatments: enteral fluid therapy without (ENTFL) or with glutamine (ENTGL), and parenteral fluid therapy with glucose (PARFL) or total parenteral nutrition with glutamine (PARGL). Treatments were administered for 144 hours of starvation followed by 144 hours of refeeding. Blood samples were collected at five time points for hormonal (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, cortisol, insulin, free T3, and free T4) analyses. Serum insulin and glucose significantly varied across all groups, with the PARGL group exhibiting hyperinsulinemia and persistent hyperglycemia during starvation. No significant alterations in free T3 or T4 concentrations were observed, which is potentially attributed to elevated serum glucose levels maintaining thyroid hormone stability. Notably, cortisol levels increased in the ENTGL group 72 hours after the onset of starvation. Ghrelin significantly increased only in the PARGL group during starvation, and it decreased after refeeding. Adiponectin levels were enhanced in the PARFL group during deprivation, which dropped after refeeding. Starvation reduced leptin levels in the ENTGL and PARGL groups, which were increased after refeeding. Despite hormonal changes, enteral nutrition maintained glycemic control, indicating stable intestinal absorptive function. These findings highlight the influence of nutritional route and composition, especially glutamine and glucose, on endocrine adaptation during starvation and refeeding. However, limitations such as the small sample size and absence of an absolute fasting group constrain the interpretations. Future studies involving broader hormonal panels and longer follow-up can better clarify neuroendocrine regulation during nutritional stress in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e005725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12807115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of feline peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and CD18 expression pattern by flow cytometry.","authors":"Patricia Lindiman, Rosina Sánchez Solé, Paula Pessina, María Florencia Mosquillo","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm006125","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm006125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping plays a critical role in the diagnosis, classification, staging, and monitoring of hematopoietic malignancies. However, its application in feline medicine remains limited primarily because of the scarcity of species-specific antibodies. Existing studies in cats predominantly focus on analyzing lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph nodes, with fewer investigations conducted on bone marrow and peripheral blood. This study aimed to assess the utility of peripheral blood samples from healthy cats for quantifying lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry to provide basic data useful for future studies on animals with diseases. Using specific antibody panels, we successfully quantified lymphocyte subpopulations in 15 healthy cats. Total leukocytes (CD18+) accounted for a median of 89.7% of peripheral blood cells. Among lymphocytes, CD5+ T cells were the predominant subset, followed by CD21+ B cells. Among T cells, CD4+ helper cells outnumbered CD8+ cytotoxic cells. Notably, CD18 expression exhibited a biphasic pattern: B lymphocytes showed lower fluorescence intensity compared with T lymphocytes. In some cases, three distinct fluorescence peaks suggested further heterogeneity within the T-cell population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to clearly identify a biphasic expression pattern of CD18 in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of cats. These findings reveal the complexity of immune cell marker expression in the peripheral blood of felines and support the broader application of flow cytometry in feline immunological and diagnostic research. The establishment of these baseline immunophenotypic profiles in healthy cats is crucial for improving the diagnosis and monitoring of feline hematopoietic diseases, ultimately contributing to better clinical management and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e006125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement in quality of life of bitches with malignant mammary neoplasms after unilateral mastectomy and regional lymphadenectomy.","authors":"Mara Tatiani da Silva Bossi, Maria Helena Moreno, Najla Ibrahim Isa Abdel Hadi, Alice Vicenzi, Camila Regina Teixeira de Oliveira, Evandro de Oliveira Rodrigues, Letícia Maria Silva Dos Santos, Leonardo Gruchowski, Camila Dalmolin, Fabiana Elias, Fabíola Dalmolin","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm008925","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm008925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant mammary neoplasms (MMNs) are common in bitches, and surgery promotes disease remission and improves quality of life (QoL), which reflects animal welfare. QoL can be assessed using validated scales, answered by the closest caregiver. This study aimed to evaluate the QoL of 15 bitches with MMNs before and after unilateral mastectomy associated to regional lymphadenectomy. The \"HHHHHMM Quality of Life Scale\" and the \"Questionnaire for Evaluating Health-Related Quality of Life in Dogs with Signs of Pain Secondary to Cancer (QEHQ) were administered to the closest caregiver before surgery and 45 days afterward. Differences in QoL before and after surgery were observed according to neoplasm stage, with greater improvement in patients with advanced disease. The HHHHHMM Scale suggested a major improvement in pain-related parameters, while the QEHQ indicated preoperative QoL impairment that was no longer evident after surgery. Unilateral mastectomy and regional lymphadenectomy positively influence the QoL of bitches with MMNs, particularly in advanced stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e008925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy farming and climate parameters: an analysis of high productivity milk-producing cities in Minas Gerais, the leading dairy state in Brazil.","authors":"Marcus Vinícius Dias-Souza, Gustavo Augusto Bitancourt Oliveira, Amanda de Barros Martins","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm008525","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm008525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brazil is the world's fifth largest milk producer, and Minas Gerais is the leading milk-producing state. Most of the state production comes from small and medium-sized family farms, and only a small number of cities have high productivity metrics. The current climate change scenario poses technical challenges to milk production, affecting the health and the productivity of the cattle. Here we evaluated dairy farming in Minas Gerais state, considering productivity and official climatic data. We analyzed official data from different government databases, and among the 853 cities, 12 were classified as high-production cities (>80,000 L/year), of which six had complete climatic records. Pompéu emerged as the top producer with high precipitation rates, whereas Patos de Minas showed the highest precipitation, with irregular distribution. Using quadratic polynomial regression, we found that precipitation significantly influenced production (R²=0.8993, p=0.0076). Temperature alone had a negligible effect (R²=0.1995, p=0.7174). Principal Component Analysis identified distinct climatic patterns among the cities, with January and December being the wettest periods. Notably, high-productivity areas maintained moderate temperatures (21-23°C) and lower animal densities (km²). Our data open doors for further investigation into the interplay between climatic changes and zootechnical parameters of interest in milk production.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"e008525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}