Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Influence of cow and heifer categories on the hematology of Murrah buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) raised in the microregion of Santarém, Pará, Brazil.","authors":"Thiago Nogueira da Silva, Rubens Lima de Andrade, Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa, Katarina Cardoso de Carvalho, Lael Evaristo Alves, Douglas Ferreira de Moraes, Raimundo Nonato Colares Carmago-Junior, Cláudio Vieira de Araújo, Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves, Edmilson Cássio Braga Nogueira, Eldinei Mesquita Mendes, Welligton Conceição da Silva","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hematological profile is indicated to evaluate the physiological condition of buffaloes, providing information on the functionality of production systems and their response to environmental factors. In tropical regions, such as the Lower Amazon, high temperature and relative humidity can lead to heat stress, affecting hematological parameters. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the cow and heifer categories on the hematology of female Murrah water buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) raised in the Microregion of Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 90 Murrah buffalo females, divided into two categories: heifers (22 to 24 months) and cows (36 to 38 months). A complete blood count was performed, considering the red and white series. The T test was applied to compare the means of parameters between categories (heifers and cows), using the RStudio Desktop 1.3.1093 software. There was a difference in hemoglobin (<i>p</i> = 0.0424), hematocrit (<i>p</i> = 0.0090) and MCV (<i>p</i> = 0.0393) higher in heifers and MCHC (<i>p</i> = 0.0289) in cows. On the other hand, there was no difference for the parameters red blood cells (<i>p</i> = 0.4363), MCH (<i>p</i> = 0.1042) and RBC (<i>p</i> = 0.6722). In relation to the white series, there was a difference in the absolute values of leukocytes (<i>p</i> = 0.0069), lymphocytes (<i>p</i> = 0.0008), atypical lymphocytes (<i>p</i> = 0.0351) and monocytes (<i>p</i> = 0.0477), being higher in heifers than in cows. On the other hand, the segmented ones (<i>p</i> = 0.0002) were higher in cows when compared to heifers. The other leukocyte parameters did not present statistical difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Therefore, there were higher amounts of white and red cells for heifers when compared to cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e003025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of cases and analysis of First-instance Judgments in Ethical Proceedings at the Regional Council of Veterinary Medicine of the State of São Paulo.","authors":"Roberta Tognareli Ruiz, Rosemary Viola Bosch, Suely Stringari, Jorge Luis Maria Ruiz, Paulo Cezar Maiorka","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Brazil, veterinary medicine is regulated by a resolution that sets out the Code of Ethics of the Veterinary Medical Profession, established by the Federal Council, which has national jurisdiction and compliance with which is monitored by the regional councils in each state. Some regional councils have reported an increase in the number of complaints of unethical proceedings in recent years, although this trend is not uniform across all Brazilian states. This increase has not yet been consistently documented. In this paper, a quantitative and qualitative description of cases of ethical infractions reported to the Regional Council of Veterinary Medicine of the State of São Paulo-the largest in Brazil, with approximately 59,324 (29%) registered veterinary doctors-is presented, covering the period from 2021 to 2023. Thus, a retrospective study was carried out to determine the profile of the reported professionals, the main motivations for the ethics-based complaints, and to characterize the case law of the cases judged in the first instance at the Regional Council of Veterinary Medicine of the State of São Paulo (CRMV-SP). The data analyzed shows that half of the complaints in the period were considered unfounded, and 123 complaints resulted in different types of conviction. The main article violated in the analyzed cases is Article 9 of the Code of Ethics for Veterinarians, which addresses ethical responsibility in the provision of professional services. This study demonstrates the need for veterinarians to become better acquainted with the ethical standards of the profession.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e002725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in a captive blue-fronted amazon (<i>Amazona aestiva)</i> in Paraguay: gross description, histological and immunohistochemical findings.","authors":"Joerg Richard Vetter, Leila Gertrudis Maidana, Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002425","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm that usually arises from the integument, and is reported uncommonly in pet birds. Basaloid SCC is a variant from the prototypic squamous cell carcinoma and is a biologically high grade tumor that shows a sharp predilection for the base of the tongue, the hypopharynx and the supraglottic larynx, manifesting deep and lateral invasion. We present the case of an <i>Amazon aestiva</i> from Paraguay with a basaloid SCC in the skin, of 8 months of evolution. Histologically, the findings were compatible with poorly differentiated carcinoma, and immunohistochemistry resulted positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and 34βe12, and negative for BerEP4, vimentin and CK7, suggesting a basaloid variant of SCC. The owner reported that two weeks after the surgical removal of the mass, the animal was found dead and buried immediately, which is why post-mortem studies could not be carried out. In humans, basaloid SCC is associated with the upper aerodigestive tract but reports distant metastasis, even to the skin, suggesting a primary tumor elsewhere. To the authors best knowledge, this is the first report of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in a bird.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e002425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful surgical management of Ménétrier-like disease in a Devon Rex cat.","authors":"Evelina Burbaitė, Vytautas Stankus, Cynthia de Vries, Brigita Bandzevičiūtė, Vytautas Sabūnas","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005625","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ménétrier's disease is a rare human condition that causes diffuse hypertrophy of the gastric rugal folds. A similar condition in dogs has been reported as Ménétrier-like disease (MLD). To date, only two feline cases have been reported, and treatment was either unsuccessful or not documented. A 3-year-old female spayed Devon Rex cat was presented with acute nausea, retching, and vomiting. Within two months, multiple tests were performed to reach the diagnosis. Macroscopically, during gastroduodenoscopy, cerebriform hypertrophic gastric mucosal folds were observed in the gastric fundus, cardia, and greater curvature of the stomach. Superficial biopsy sampling of the gastric mucosa showed mild mucosal oedema and low numbers of <i>Helicobacter</i> spp. Considering the course of the disease, persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life, a partial gastrectomy was performed. Histology of full-thickness biopsies confirmed hyperplastic fibrosing gastropathy with multifocal cystic dilated gastric glands resembling Ménétrier-like disease in dogs. At the time of the 3-month follow-up, the cat was asymptomatic, and the gastroduodenoscopy was unremarkable. This case report presents clinical findings, challenging diagnostics, and a novel treatment option in a cat with hyperplastic fibrosing gastropathy. To the authors'knowledge, this is the first reported successful surgical management of MLD in a cat.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e005625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there differences in abomasal morphology in calves fed eight liters of milk and concentrate or good quality alfalfa hay?","authors":"Noelia Vazquez, Dellis Dos Santos, Germán Antúnez, Nicolás Amaro, Josefina Escardó, Lucía López, Cecilia Cajarville","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002825","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the anatomical and histological characteristics of the abomasum in weaned Holstein calves under two feeding regimens: high-quality alfalfa hay and starter concentrate. The calves were raised under an accelerated feeding system (milk diet provided at 20% of their body weight). This study aimed to determine the effects of diet on the development of the abomasum during the early life stages of calves, which is crucial for digesting both milk and solid feed. Twenty newborn male Holstein calves were randomly assigned to either diet group and monitored from 56 to 60 days of age. Organ weight, abomasal curvature length, and number of abomasal folds were measured. Histological slides were prepared for microscopic examination. No significant differences in anatomical and histological parameters were observed between the two dietary groups, suggesting that both diets provided adequate nutritional support for development. Although the quantity of feed differed, the primary component, milk, remained consistent, contributing to balanced nutrition. This study emphasized the importance of early nutrition in calves and its influence on the anatomical and histological development of the abomasum. However, potential subtle differences warrant further investigation to determine long-term consequences on digestive health and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e002825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First recorded birth of a giant armadillo (<i>Priodontes maximus</i>) under human care and notes on fetal characteristics and neonatal care.","authors":"Carlos Andrés Aya-Cuero, Yully Alejandra Pardo-Moreno, Laura Katerine León-Aguilar, Pablo Felipe Cruz-Ochoa, Ana Raquel Gomes Faria, Maria do Livramento Barros de Oliveira, Clarissa Machado de Carvalho, Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000325","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information on breeding under human care is essential for conservation efforts, particularly for endangered species such as the giant armadillo (<i>Priodontes maximus</i>). Key aspects of its reproductive biology, such as neonate size, weight, and early development, remain largely undocumented. This study presents two case reports of <i>P. maximus</i> neonates and one of an unborn individual. The first documented birth of a giant armadillo under human care was documented in Colombia, where a pregnant female was rescued from the wild. We describe details of this neonate, along with observations of an unborn fetus found in the eastern Colombian plains and the artificial hand-rearing of a neonate rescued in Tocantins, Brazil. The information presented here offers valuable insight for future efforts to breed and maintain this elusive species under human care, an increasingly important strategy for conservation and for understanding aspects of its natural history.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e000325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12463296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastographic and ultrasound findings of the dog`s kidneys exposed to cigarette smoke.","authors":"Samara Isis Rodrigues de Moraes, Giovanna Serpa Maciel Feliciano, Denise Jaques Ramos, Camila Silveira Stanquini, Diana Villa Verde Salazar, Luiz Paulo Nogueira Aires, Anna Carolina Mazeto Ercolin, Giovana Fumes Ghantous, Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano, Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003525","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of exposure to tobacco smoke on the kidneys of household dogs using B-mode ultrasonography and Shear-wave Elastography (SWE). Fifteen adult dogs were analyzed and divided into two groups: one exposed to passive smoking for at least two years (n=7) and another non-exposed group (n=8), both without a history of kidney disease. The animals underwent clinical evaluation and laboratory tests, followed by B-mode ultrasonography and renal elastography. Blood test were normal for all individuals. Ultrasonography demonstrated a significant increase in renal echogenicity (p=0.0070, for both right and left kidneys) and irregular contours (p=0.0256 for the right kidney, and p=0.0070 for the left kidney) in the exposed group. The variables echotexture, corticomedullary ratio, and presence of alterations did not vary between the groups (p>0.05). Tissues were harder in exposed dogs (p=0.0492). These findings indicate that exposure to passive smoking may compromise canine kidney health, with early alterations detectable through ultrasonography and elastography. This study highlights the importance of raising awareness about the risks of smoking in domestic environments and underscores the need for further research to deepen the understanding of passive smoking's impact on the renal morphology of domestic dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e003525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a topical formulation containing fipronil, moxidectin and praziquantel (Banni^3®) for the control of gastrointestinal helminths of zoonotic importance in naturally infected cats.","authors":"Diefrey Ribeiro Campos, Anna Carolina Teixeira de Jesus, Ronald da Silva Souza, Breno Cayeiro Cruz, Gessica Ariane de Melo Cruz, Milenni Garcia Michels, Igor Renan Honorato Gatto, Ferdinando Nielsen Almeida, Thais Ribeiro Correia, Fabio Barbour Scott","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm006025","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm006025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal helminthiases in domestic cats are a significant concern for both animal and human health due to the zoonotic potential of parasites such as <i>Ancylostoma</i> spp<i>.</i>, <i>Toxocara</i> spp<i>.</i> and <i>Dipylidium caninum</i>. The increasingly close coexistence between humans and cats in urban environments increases the need for effective and practical strategies for parasite control. We evaluated the efficacy of an antiparasitic formulation based on fipronil, moxidectin and praziquantel (Banni^3®) for topical application. A total of 38 cats infected by the helminths of interest were evaluated and the helminths were found to belong to more than one genus. Coproparasitological evaluations were performed on days D-7 and D-2 (pre-treatment) and D+7 and D+14 (post-treatment) using the modified McMaster technique to count eggs per gram of feces (EPG). In the case of <i>D. caninum</i>, proglottids and ovigerous capsules were also analyzed. Of the animals tested, 38 were positive for <i>Ancylostoma</i> spp., 20 for <i>Toxocara</i> spp. and 22 for <i>D. caninum.</i> Six animals had infections by helminths of a single genus, 22 by two and 10 by all three genera. After treatment, the results indicated efficacy of 97.4% (D+7) and 99% (D+14) for <i>Ancylostoma</i> spp., 96.12% (D+7) and 97.84% (D+14) for <i>Toxocara</i> spp., and 100% (D+7 and D+14) for <i>D. caninum</i>. The topical formulation Banni³ (fipronil, moxidectin, and praziquantel) demonstrated high efficacy in controlling <i>Ancylostoma</i> spp<i>.</i>, <i>Toxocara</i> spp<i>.</i>, and <i>D. caninum</i> in naturally infected cats. The results confirm its potential as a practical and effective alternative for the control of zoonotic helminths.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e006025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of disease markers with clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation.","authors":"Leda Marques de Oliveira-Barros, André Gustavo Alves Holanda, Romy Heilmann, Joerg Manfred Steiner, Genilson Fernandes de Queiroz, José Luiz Catão-Dias, Julia Maria Matera","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001225","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate serum and fecal biomarkers in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation and investigate their associations with clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings. Twenty dogs with chronic gastrointestinal signs and twenty clinically healthy control dogs were included. Dogs in the diseased group underwent clinical assessment, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and histopathological evaluation of intestinal biopsies. Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), folate, cobalamin, calprotectin, and S100A12, as well as fecal concentrations of calprotectin and S100A12, were measured. Dogs with gastrointestinal inflammation showed significantly higher serum CRP and fecal calprotectin concentrations compared to healthy controls. Serum CRP was positively correlated with clinical disease activity scores and histologic severity in the colon. No significant differences in serum calprotectin or S100A12 concentrations were observed between groups. These findings suggest that serum CRP may serve as a supportive marker of disease severity and that fecal calprotectin holds promise as a non-invasive indicator of intestinal inflammation. In contrast, serum calprotectin and S100A12 showed limited diagnostic utility in this context. Overall, this study provides preliminary insights into the role of selected biomarkers in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e001225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forearm muscles in the black lion tamarin (<i>Leontopithecus chrysopygus</i>).","authors":"Erick Candiota Souza, Micaela Ramos do Amaral, Daniel Marques Leopoldino Guerra, Marcelo Abidu-Figueiredo, Alcides Pissinatti, Vanessa Barbisan Fortes, Paulo de Souza","doi":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002925","DOIUrl":"10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Leontopithecus chrysopygus</i> (black lion tamarin) is a platyrrhine primate found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This species is threatened by human activities that encroach on its habitat. Studies on <i>Leontopithecus</i> myology provide insights into ecological variables and support primate medicine. This study aimed to analyze the anatomy of the forearm muscles of <i>L. chrysopygus</i>. For this purpose, six thoracic limbs from five adult male <i>L. chrysopygus</i> specimens were dissected. The muscles were described by their attachment points (origin and insertion), and their masses were measured using a precision scale. Functional muscle groups were established for comparison purposes. The positioning and skeletal attachments of the muscles resembled existing descriptions for primates. However, intraspecific variations were noted, such as a recess for the radial nerve between the origin of the tendon of the brachioradial muscle in one-third of the samples. The deep digital flexor muscle had the highest mean mass (2.34 ± 0.43 g), whereas the extensor muscle of the second digit had the lowest mean mass (0.03 ± 0.01 g). The carpal and digital flexor muscles showed a significantly higher mean percentage mass (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than the others (58.4 ± 2.7%), possibly due to the strength required for hand grip during locomotion on branches and climbing trees. Further studies on the muscles of other regions of the thoracic limb and other <i>Leontopithecus</i> species could enhance our understanding of how these muscles adapt to their lifestyles.</p>","PeriodicalId":72458,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"e002925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}