Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Recent developments in selective therapeutic targeting of functionalized nanomaterials to neurovascular units in overcoming the gaps in neurovascular therapy","authors":"Sakshi Goswami ,&nbsp;Nickolay K. Isaev ,&nbsp;Alla B. Salmina ,&nbsp;Suresh Vir Singh Rana ,&nbsp;Sergey N. Illarioshkin ,&nbsp;Yeshvandra Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neurodegenerative disorders are difficult to treat because of natural barrier in the brain. Moreover, neurovascular units seem to be essential targets/mediators of the nervous system cytoprotective effects. Functionalized nanomaterials have gained significant prominence in the medical domain due to their extensive utilization in targeted drug delivery and therapeutics within the neurovascular system. Their remarkable potential in neurovascular therapy has been demonstrated, highlighting their effectiveness in this field. A systematic summary of the specific applications and limitations of functionalized nanomaterials in the targeted delivery system is essential for developing smart therapies to overcome the gaps in neurovascular therapy for the treatment of neurological disorders. The objective of present article was to highlight the advancements in recent therapies support the potential role of functionalized nanomaterials to tackle the difficulties in targeted delivery systems for neurodegenerative disorders. We review the role of functionalized nanomaterials as therapeutics within the neurovascular units and their potential to lead to more sophisticated and smart treatment techniques despite some obstacles, given to the patients of neurological disorders, particularly when paired with multimodal drugs who are likely to benefit from cytoprotection. This review also addresses the current understanding, gaps, and issues to be resolved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459324000477/pdfft?md5=bb69e994fe8a72f4a7ef8ad9324fcc86&pid=1-s2.0-S2666459324000477-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease; a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Maria Anna Bantounou ,&nbsp;Khalisah Shoaib ,&nbsp;Adele Mazzoleni ,&nbsp;Harsh Modalavalasa ,&nbsp;Niraj Kumar ,&nbsp;Sam Philip","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may be a novel risk factor for Parkinson's Disease (PD). Due to the mechanistic plausibility and conflicting reports in clinical studies of an association between PD and T2DM, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to further investigate the relationship between the two conditions. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases from database inception to July 8, 2022 for English-language articles that explored the risk relationship between T2DM and PD. R project was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022353804). Seventeen observational studies were analysed, including a total of 32,551,133 participants, of whom 48,609 (0.15 %) were diagnosed with both T2DM and PD. The analysis revealed that T2DM increased the likelihood of PD development [OR = 1.59 (CI; 1.30, 1.95)], the odds were not significantly influenced by age, sex, or diabetes duration. The odds of developing PD were higher in participants with T2DM complications compared to those without complications [OR = 1.62 (CI; 1.24, 2.12)]. T2DM was associated with more severe motor decline evidenced by higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores, but not for developing cognitive impairment. All outcomes were assessed to be of very low certainty, due to high risk of bias and significant heterogeneity. Further studies are required to understand this relationship between T2DM and PD, particularly with a focus on exploring the potential of repurposing antidiabetic medications as disease-modifying treatments for PD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266645932400043X/pdfft?md5=0b0a0a1bfe00de6bbe60633230e6398d&pid=1-s2.0-S266645932400043X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum due to FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy","authors":"Mafalda Soares ,&nbsp;Sara Rosa ,&nbsp;Sofia Bettencourt ,&nbsp;Rita Ferreira ,&nbsp;Mariana Sardinha ,&nbsp;Margarida Dias ,&nbsp;Bruno Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs) have gained attention due to their various clinical presentations and potential neurotoxic etiologies. The splenium connects visual areas across cerebral hemispheres and plays a vital role in processing visual cues. Previously, these reversible lesions were associated with mild encephalitis or encephalopathy, but in fact, they belong to a broader spectrum encompassing various syndromes. Often triggered by cytokinopathy, CLOCCs are usually hyperintense on T2/FLAIR, non-enhancing and show diffusion restriction.</p><p>A 47-year-old woman with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy (folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin) developed strabismus and dizziness two days post-chemo. Neurological examination identified an incomplete wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia – a rare finding. Neuroimaging revealed restricted diffusion involving the splenium of the corpus callosum, discreetly hyperintense on T2/FLAIR, non-enhancing and without significant associated mass effect. Neurotoxicity and encephalopathy related to 5-FU were considered, leading to hospitalization. Ammonia levels and liver function were normal. Following discontinuation of the drug, the patient had a fast full clinical recovery and a follow-up MRI confirmed total resolution of splenium lesions. Posteriorly, she completed six cycles of Gemcitabine, uneventfully.</p><p>This case highlights the spectrum of CLOCCs and the potential neurotoxicity of chemotherapy agents, specifically 5-FU. The patient's unique presentation of bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, enriches the understanding of its manifestations. This case emphasizes the need to consider toxic etiologies alongside conventional triggers. Further research into the neurological effects of chemotherapeutic agents, especially 5-FU, on the corpus callosum is crucial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459324000428/pdfft?md5=4aed6173aced0bc46ed5f6aeeec18600&pid=1-s2.0-S2666459324000428-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142012181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheumatoid meningitis sine arthritis: An emerging cause of isolated pachymeningitis and leptomeningitis with typical features","authors":"Mickael Bonnan ,&nbsp;Matthieu Faillot ,&nbsp;Adrien Carle ,&nbsp;Nicolas Defoor ,&nbsp;Juliette Rocca ,&nbsp;Gédéon Balley ,&nbsp;Franck Bielle ,&nbsp;Dominique Cazals-Hatem ,&nbsp;Fahima Fernani ,&nbsp;Carole Henry","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><p>Rheumatoid meningitis (RM) is a meningeal inflammation rarely occurring during the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), which are highly specific biomarkers of RA, may allow RM sine arthritis (RMSA) to be diagnosed as an extra-articular early lesion of RA. MRI typically displays pachymeningitis and/or leptomeningitis predating convexity, and CSF diffusivity is focally restricted. Blood ACPA is a strong clue and intrathecal synthesis of ACPA is characteristic although rarely reported.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We report two cases of RMSA that were confirmed by meningeal biopsy and intrathecal synthesis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>RMSA abated after steroids alone or associated with rituximab. No arthritis occurred during the follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>RM can occur in the absence of RA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459324000416/pdfft?md5=46e95e9ce678e516d764b3fb67fad806&pid=1-s2.0-S2666459324000416-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality intervention for improving cognitive function in post-stroke patient: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hendry Gunawan ,&nbsp;Irene Gunawan ,&nbsp;Yetty Hambarsari ,&nbsp;Rivan Danuaji ,&nbsp;Baarid L Hamidi ,&nbsp;Benedictus Benedictus","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100152","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. In the next few decades, post-stroke disability is expected to increase by up to 35% due to the current increase in cerebrovascular risk factors. Disabilities caused by stroke can include cognitive and motor impairment. The current research on post-stroke rehabilitation mostly focuses on the motor disability aspect. Recently, the International Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Alliance 2018 stated that post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is one of the research priorities. Following recent technological developments, virtual reality (VR)-based therapy is now emerging. This technology is attractive because it can simulate various activities in a safe environment. However, research on VR for post-stroke patients still does not have specific guidelines that must be followed, so the types of interventions carried out through VR still vary. Therefore, this study aims to assess how the benefits of using VR in improving cognitive function in post-stroke patients and what VR interventions show the greatest benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The data used for this study were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. The search conducted in this systematic review was done without any year restriction. The studies included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and pilot RCTs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This systematic review included eight studies involving 313 participants in total. All studies were used for the meta-analysis, with five, four, and six studies used in the rote memory function, executive function, and general cognitive analyses, respectively. Assessment using the trail making test (TMT) on the TMT-A test related to rote memory function (MD = -26.43, 95% CI -43.18 – -9.68, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.002) and TMT-B test related to executive function (MD = -59.23, 95% CI -103.21 – -15.25, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.008) showed significantly better results with shorter processing time in the VR group. In contrast, in the general cognitive assessment using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), although it showed better results in the VR group (MD = 1.45, 95% CI -0.20 – 3.09, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.08), the results were not significant. The meta-analysis showed homogeneous result in rote memory (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 6%) and executive function (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0%) analyses. For general cognitive analysis the result was heterogeneous (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 86%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Interventions using VR have shown promising results in improving rote memory and executive function, especially when VR intervention is combined with a motorized assistive devices. This combination therapy not only trains cognitive skills, but also trains the patient's motor skills simultaneously. For gener","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459324000374/pdfft?md5=45390282cb6e7f4e499ec157f6fa211f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666459324000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-gastric sleeve gastrectomy mixed Wernicke's and Hashimoto's encephalopathies with brain atrophy: A case-report from Qatar","authors":"Khaled Zammar ,&nbsp;Fatme Mallat ,&nbsp;Yasir Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a case of a 21-year-old male patient who presented with progressive dizziness, gait instability, and ataxia of 1-week duration. Three months prior to presentation, the patient underwent Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG). His workup showed a very low level of thiamine, high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, and very low free thyroxine (T4). The patient was diagnosed with Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE) post LSG, exacerbated by Hashimoto Encephalopathy (HE), given the history of an underlying uncontrolled Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459324000404/pdfft?md5=47cbfb4d4f6a33d617e05a14b85f1876&pid=1-s2.0-S2666459324000404-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blake's pouch cyst-like imaging abnormalities in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","authors":"Yumiko Saito ,&nbsp;Toru Baba ,&nbsp;Wataru Narita ,&nbsp;Shigenori Kanno ,&nbsp;Shunji Mugikura ,&nbsp;Yasuko Tatewaki ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Nishio ,&nbsp;Osamu Iizuka ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Taki ,&nbsp;Teiji Tominaga ,&nbsp;Etsuro Mori ,&nbsp;Kyoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Blake's pouch cyst is a cause of congenital non-communicating hydrocephalus. Recent study revealed that adult onset communicating normal pressure hydrocephalus sometimes accompanied by Blake's pouch cyst-like imaging abnormalities. However, relationships between two disease entities remains uncovered. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Blake's pouch cyst-like imaging abnormalities in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and their impact on the clinical features.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>First, we investigated the existence of Blake's pouch cyst-like imaging abnormalities in 46 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients (mean age 76.8 ± 5.2 years old; 28 women) and 247 normal controls (mean age 65.2 ± 4.0 years old; 120 women). Second, the demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics were compared between idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with and without Blake's pouch cyst-like imaging abnormalities.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Blake's pouch cyst-like imaging abnormalities were more prevalent in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients (17.4 %) than in the normal population (2.4 %). Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with Blake's pouch cyst-like imaging abnormalities showed a trend toward a younger onset than those without Blake's pouch cyst-like imaging abnormalities, while clinical features, including the response to cerebrospinal fluid tap test and shunt treatment, did not differ between two groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Incomplete cerebrospinal fluid obstruction associated with Blake's pouch cyst-like imaging abnormalities may be a cause of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459324000386/pdfft?md5=66cf05478bca0e452b4530f6a2e01790&pid=1-s2.0-S2666459324000386-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymic Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Brain Metastases: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Mariana Agudelo-Arrieta ,&nbsp;María Isabel Ocampo-Navia ,&nbsp;María Carolina Martínez ,&nbsp;María Paula Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Isabella Lacouture ,&nbsp;Luis Fernando Jaramillo ,&nbsp;Eugenio Meek ,&nbsp;Oscar Feo-Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a rare cancer that is typically characterized by low rates of brain metastases. However, when it does occur, brain metastases of TSCC can have significant clinical implications due to its rarity and lack of established management guidelines. In this literature review and case report, we explore the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with brain metastases of TSCC.</p><p>Our literature review found that brain metastases of TSCC are relatively rare, with an estimated incidence of 5-10 % among patients with advanced-stage disease. Management of brain metastases of TSCC often involves a combination of surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, due to the rarity of this condition, there is currently limited evidence to guide optimal treatment strategies.</p><p>We also present a case report of a patient with TSCC who was presented with a brain metastasis. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt management of brain metastasis of TSCC to improve patient outcomes. Our review and case report underscore the need for further research to improve our understanding of the clinical characteristics, optimal management, and prognosis of patients with brain metastasis of TSCC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459324000398/pdfft?md5=73ea4cda669cfde303538f85fce68576&pid=1-s2.0-S2666459324000398-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An atypical stroke manifestation: Sleep disturbance in unilateral thalamic lesion","authors":"André Aires Fernandes ,&nbsp;Sofia Vedor ,&nbsp;Sara de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Rafael Dias ,&nbsp;Joana Guimarães","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thalamic strokes may present with a wide variety of symptoms depending on their location, volume and lateralization. Hypersomnia is a less frequent manifestation, that has been associated with unilateral paramedian thalamic ischemic lesions. We report a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department (ED) with sudden onset of hypersomnolence. Initial head computed tomography (CT) showed no signs of acute ischemia. Follow-up head CT 24 h after thrombolysis exposed a hypodense lesion on the left ventromedial thalamic and mesencephalic regions, with corresponding T2/FLAIR hyperintensity and diffusion restriction on brain magnetic resonance imaging, confirming a recent ischemic stroke. Clinicians should be aware of the association between acute hypersomnia and strategic unilateral thalamic infarcts, particularly when the initial CT scan has no signs of acute ischemia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459324000350/pdfft?md5=10f610551349d022267304d22588ba98&pid=1-s2.0-S2666459324000350-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanogel-mediated therapeutic delivery across blood-cerebrospinal fluid and blood-spinal cord barriers","authors":"Dharmeshkumar M. Modi ,&nbsp;Akshat D. Modi","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanogels are emerging as promising nanocarriers for delivering therapeutic agents to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Traditional therapeutic approaches for CNS disorders are often hindered by the inability to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), necessitating high and frequent dosages that can lead to off-target effects. Nanogels, however, offer a unique solution by enabling targeted delivery across these barriers with minimal dosages and a controlled-release mechanism, marking a significant advancement in CNS treatment. This narrative review explores the current knowledge and recent advancements in the application of nanogels for CNS disorders. Specifically, it highlights how chitosan-based, polyethylene glycol-based, polypeptide-based, and dextran-based nanogels effectively cross the BCSFB, while macrophage membrane-encapsulated and polyethylene glycol-based nanogels traverse the BSCB. These nanogels are compatible with a range of therapeutic agents, including neural stem cells, metformin, methotrexate, rolipram, oncomodulin, and antagomir-21, targeting CNS disorders like spinal cord injury and intervertebral disc degeneration. Additionally, nanogels can be administered through various routes such as intravenous, intranasal, intrathecal, and intraganglionic methods. Despite these promising developments, further research is necessary to fully elucidate their mechanisms of action and optimize their therapeutic efficacy for clinical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666459324000362/pdfft?md5=548fa387919996d26465bfd5c0095c83&pid=1-s2.0-S2666459324000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}