Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Ionizing radiation acutely stimulates iron accumulation in the olfactory bulb","authors":"S. Kalteh ,&nbsp;N.R. Kamau ,&nbsp;L. Li ,&nbsp;E. Axelson ,&nbsp;C.Y. Lee ,&nbsp;V.A. Magnotta ,&nbsp;J.M. Buatti ,&nbsp;M.S. Petronek","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation therapy leads to structural and functional changes in the brain resulting in a time-dependent cognitive decline. There are limited options to ameliorate this side-effect of therapy that significantly impacts patient quality of life; thus, a more robust understanding of the radiation injury pathogenesis is required. A commonly reported acute effect of cranial irradiation is the disruption of olfactory function, an effect that is also commonly seen in a variety of neurodegenerative processes (<em>e.g.,</em> Parkinson’s Disease). Iron accumulation has been demonstrated in neurodegenerative processes and can acutely affect olfactory function; thus, we hypothesized that cranial irradiation induces acute iron accumulation in the olfactory bulb of mice. Following 12 Gy of whole brain irradiation, a significant acute increase in iron was observed in the olfactory bulb as compared to the rest of the brain which corresponds with decreased olfactory function. Moreover, the use of T2* MRI as a surrogate marker of iron accumulation revealed significant loss in T2* signal in the glomerular cell layer of the olfactory bulb that corresponded with subsequent volume loss. These results suggest that the olfactory bulb is particularly sensitive to ionizing radiation induced iron accumulation with the glomerular cell layer being a potential key vulnerability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal cord compression secondary to spinal extradural myeloid sarcoma in acute myeloid leukaemia: A case report and literature review","authors":"Prakash Palave ,&nbsp;Nitin Naikwade ,&nbsp;Ashvini Mahamuni ,&nbsp;Egemen Gok ,&nbsp;Kivanc Yangi ,&nbsp;Ismail Bozkurt ,&nbsp;Bipin Chaurasia","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare pathology that includes immature myeloid progenitor cells and is an infrequent form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It may occur de novo or be associated with other myeloproliferative disorders. Spinal involvement is rare but has the potential to result in catastrophic neurological consequences if not diagnosed promptly. Here, we present a young patient initially diagnosed with myelofibrosis whose disease evolved to AML and then thoracic extradural MS and acute spinal cord compression.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 27-year-old woman came with paraparesis and worsening upper back pain. MRI demonstrated an extradural mass in the thoracic spine, causing compression of the spinal cord. Urgent decompressive laminectomy and subtotal resection were performed. Histopathology was positive for myeloid precursor cell sheets with myeloperoxidase, CD68, and CD43, which diagnosed MS. Postoperative course was uneventful, and adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated in her.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Thoracic spinal MS represents a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency that may arise during leukemic transformation of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms such as myelofibrosis. Early radiologic evaluation, tissue diagnosis, and immediate surgical decompression are crucial for achieving optimal neurological outcomes. This case highlights maintaining a high suspicion of spinal MS in patients with evolving myeloid diseases since early multimodal treatment can avoid permanent neurological damage and may improve survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main diagnoses and short-term disposition in a rapid-access neurology clinic: A 12-month service evaluation in a tertiary center in Argentina","authors":"Juan Antonio Pozo Putalivo,&nbsp;Martín Grecco,&nbsp;Guillermo Pablo Povedano","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rapid-access neurology (“hot clinic”) pathways provide timely specialist assessment for urgent neurological complaints. Evidence from middle-income settings remains scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a 12-month retrospective evaluation of consecutive referrals to a rapid-access neurology pathway (target: 24–48 h) at a tertiary center in Buenos Aires, Argentina (June 2022–May 2023). We described referral reasons, final main diagnoses grouped into predefined syndromic categories, non-neurological presentations, and short-term disposition (admission vs. discharge). Multivariable logistic and modified Poisson regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and risk ratios (aRRs) for admission and neurological vs. non-neurological presentations, adjusting for age, sex, referral source, and syndromic category.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1,714 visits (mean age 55.2 years; 58.9% women), 69.1% originated from the emergency department (ED). Overall, 83.0% involved a neurological condition, with leading syndromic diagnoses including headache/facial pain (35.4%), peripheral neuropathies (8.5%), and cognitive syndromes (4.5%). Non-neurological presentations accounted for 13.2%, mainly benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and syncope/collapse. One-quarter (25.3%) were referrals to explain prior tests. Admission rate was 7.4%, chiefly for vascular syndromes, headache, and delirium. Adjusted models showed ED referral increased admission risk (aRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.00–2.17) and neurological diagnosis likelihood (aRR 1.63, 95% CI 1.18–2.26), while test-explanation referrals reduced admission risk (aRR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06–0.62).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In a middle-income tertiary setting, this rapid-access neurology pathway managed mostly neurological presentations with low admission rates, but substantial activity stemmed from nonselective testing and non-neurological issues. Standardized criteria, training, and imaging stewardship could enhance access for urgent cases and reduce unnecessary utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guillain–Barré syndrome following dengue infection in an adult patient: a case report","authors":"Nikhat Shahla Afsar ,&nbsp;Sumaiya Farah Marisa ,&nbsp;Nishat Ali ,&nbsp;Md. Imrul Hasan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman ,&nbsp;Sayat Quayum Mohona ,&nbsp;Rayhan Uddin Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mehadi Hasan ,&nbsp;Anika Shahidullah ,&nbsp;Chowdhury Adnan Sami","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dengue fever is a viral disease that presents with a wide range of neurological features. Although less frequent, Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a life-threatening, postinfectious neurological sequela.</div></div><div><h3>Case summary</h3><div>A 44-year-old Bangladeshi male presented with flaccid quadriplegia during the recovery phase of serologically confirmed dengue fever. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed albuminocytologic dissociation. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and supportive measures, including mechanical ventilation. His condition improved after 14 days of critical care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for GBS in patients with dengue fever in endemic regions. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are essential for better outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Disorders: Persistent paradoxes, renewed resolve","authors":"Kambiz N. Alavian","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147538441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of central nervous system related diseases and deaths: a 10-year study in a Ghanaian tertiary care facility","authors":"Ansumana Bockarie ,&nbsp;Richael Odarkor Mills ,&nbsp;Kofi Ulzen-Appiah ,&nbsp;Albert Akpalu ,&nbsp;Cecelia Smith-Togobo ,&nbsp;Bernice Akua Frimpong ,&nbsp;Ishmael Obeng-Ofosu ,&nbsp;George Nkrumah Osei ,&nbsp;Josephine Anterkyi Bentil ,&nbsp;Patrick Adu ,&nbsp;David Larbi Simpong","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neurological disorders can have a significant impact on mortality rates. Despite the prevalence of central nervous system related diseases (CNSDs) in Ghana, limited information exists regarding their contribution to death. This study sought to characterize death patterns of patients with CNSDs in a Ghanaian tertiary hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing archival mortality data from 2010 to 2019, retrieved from the mortuary logbook of the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. Variables such as age, sex, and cause of death were expressed as proportions. Line graphs were used to visualize temporal trends in death cases, while bar graphs were used to illustrate the distribution of various conditions constituting CNSDs. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify associations between demographic factors and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) associated deaths.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 9356 deaths were recorded between 2010 and 2019 of which CNSDs contributed 454 (4.9 %). The majority of deaths resulting from CNSDs were contributed by cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) 93 % (424/454). Within the study area, more females (51.4 %) died from CVAs than males (49.6 %). Logistic regression analysis further revealed that individuals aged above 60 years had the highest odds of dying from CVAs (OR 48.2, CI 10.9–212.7, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) followed by persons aged 40–60 years (OR = 40.4, CI 8.1–200.7, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) compared to those below 40 years old.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cerebrovascular accident was the leading cause of death resulting from CNSDs in this study, particularly among individuals aged 40 and above. To address this burden, regular screenings and public education is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterozygous FBXO7 as potential genetic modifiers in early-onset Parkinson’s disease with levodopa responsive non-motor features","authors":"Lorenzo Malfer ,&nbsp;Andrea Giorgi ,&nbsp;Tina Liu ,&nbsp;Capucine Piat ,&nbsp;Ali Zare Dehnavi ,&nbsp;Owen A. Ross ,&nbsp;Zhiyv Niu ,&nbsp;Eduardo E. Benarroch ,&nbsp;James H. Bower ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Savica","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To report a retrospective clinical series of four patients diagnosed with early-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD) carrying heterozygous variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) in the <em>FBXO</em>7 gene.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>FBXO</em>7 encodes an F-box-domain-containing protein involved in the mitophagy process, and mutations in this gene have been associated with PARK15, an atypical form of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients were identified using the <em>Mayo Clinic Data Explorer</em>. All the cases with a heterozygous <em>FBXO</em>7 variant and a clinical diagnosis of EOPD evaluated at Mayo Clinic between 2017 and 2024 were included. Clinical features, genetic testing, imaging, and treatment data were obtained retrospectively from medical records review. Motor symptoms were assessed using the UPDRS part-III score, and non-motor symptoms were assessed using the NMSS score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four patients met the inclusion criteria. All exhibited a non-motor predominant phenotype, with significant autonomic features either as an early presentation or as a preeminent component. These features manifested with a broad spectrum of symptoms including sialorrhea, constipation, urinary urgency, orthostatic intolerance and altered heat sensitivity. DaTscan imaging, available in three of the four cases, was consistent with a PD diagnosis. All patients responded well to levodopa treatment, showing substantial improvement in both motor and non-motor symptoms (NMSS).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>FBXO</em>7 may play a role as a phenotypic gene modifier and contribute to the development of EOPD characterized by levodopa-responsive, non-motor-predominant features in heterozygous variant carriers. Specifically, these features appear to be associated with central autonomic dysfunction, particularly affecting the parasympathetic vagal nuclei.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between tuberculosis and Guillain–Barré syndrome: a systematic review","authors":"Chowdhury Adnan Sami ,&nbsp;Refaya Tasnim ,&nbsp;Husna Rafsana ,&nbsp;Joydip Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Samiha Jabin Susmita ,&nbsp;Anika Tabassum ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ferdous Ur Rahaman ,&nbsp;Shohael Mahmud Arafat","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries and may present with diverse neurological complications. Its possible association with Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) is rarely reported, but recognition is important because it poses diagnostic challenges and has impotant implications for management in endemic settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically reviewed literature from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Semantic Scholar (to December 2024) following PRISMA guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 29 cases of TB-associated GBS, with the highest number reported from India (44.8 %). Pulmonary TB was the predominant form (62.1 %), with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP, 20.7 %) most common. A majority (60.7 %) developed GBS within two weeks of TB symptom onset. Clinical outcomes included complete recovery in 58.6 % and mortality in 17.2 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current evidence is limited to case reports and small series, suggesting TB may potentially act as a trigger for GBS, but causality remains unproven. Further controlled studies are needed to clarify mechanisms and outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lidocaine mitigates cognitive decline in elderly patients after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"Wang Yong ,&nbsp;Xu Xiaoqiang ,&nbsp;Jing Yibing ,&nbsp;Huang Jian ,&nbsp;Yu Lizhong","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><strong>:</strong> Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) can occur in elderly patients after surgery and is associated with poor outcomes. Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic and anesthetic agent, with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to explore the influence of lidocaine on POCD in elderly patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><strong>:</strong> This was a prospective double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial performed between January 2022 and August 2024. Eligible patients ≥ 65 years old scheduled for video-assisted pulmonary lobectomy under general anesthesia with one-lung ventilation were randomized into lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg lidocaine at anesthesia induction followed by continuous intravenous infusion at 1.5mg/kg/hr) or control (same dose of normal saline) group. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), serum IL-6 and S100β levels, and cerebral oxygen extraction rate (CREO₂) were measured before and after surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><strong>:</strong> A total of 80 patients, with 40 patients in each group, completed the trial. Compared with pre-operation, MMSE scores in control group were significantly decreased on postoperative days 1 and 3 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), which was mitigated in lidocaine group. Serum IL-6 and S100β levels were significantly increased in control group on postoperative days 1 and 3 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), which was also mitigated in lidocaine group. In addition, CERO₂ was significantly increased in 30 and 60 min after initiation of one-lung ventilation in control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), which was also mitigated in lidocaine group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><strong>:</strong> Lidocaine could mitigate cognitive decline after video-assisted thoracoscopy with one-lung ventilation. Its effect might be related to anti-neuroinflammation and reduced cerebral oxygen metabolic rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented intelligence in aneurysm care: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance in intracranial aneurysm rupture risk assessment","authors":"Shahin Naghizadeh ,&nbsp;Maryam Zohrabi-Fard ,&nbsp;Mohammad Khorramdin ,&nbsp;Roozbeh Tavanaei ,&nbsp;Kaveh Oraii-Yazdani ,&nbsp;Mona Tamaddon ,&nbsp;Hamed Javadian ,&nbsp;Alireza Zali ,&nbsp;Saeed Oraee-Yazdani","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2026.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accurate assessment of intracranial aneurysm rupture risk remains challenging, with conventional clinical scores showing limited predictive performance. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential adjunct to imaging-based risk stratification, yet the relative performance of AI, human experts, and Human–AI collaboration has not been systematically quantified.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched. Studies comparing AI-alone, human-alone, or Human–AI approaches for intracranial aneurysm rupture status or rupture-related risk assessment were included. The outcomes of interest were sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Random-effects models were applied when appropriate, and methodological quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen studies were included. AI-alone models demonstrated consistently high diagnostic performance across sensitivity, accuracy, and AUC, although substantial heterogeneity was observed across methodologies and imaging modalities. Human reader sensitivity varied according to expertise, with expert readers achieving higher sensitivity than non-experts but similar overall accuracy. Human–AI collaborative approaches showed high diagnostic metrics in individual studies; however, the number of eligible studies was limited, and integration strategies were heterogeneous, precluding definitive pooled comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Current evidence indicates that AI models can achieve high diagnostic performance in intracranial aneurysm rupture risk assessment and may serve as a valuable adjunct to clinical expertise. While Human–AI collaboration shows promise, available data remain exploratory and strategy-dependent. Standardized outcome definitions and multicenter prospective studies are required before firm conclusions regarding comparative effectiveness or clinical superiority can be established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}