Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Ketamine-induced behavioral perturbations, redox imbalances, and neurotransmitter deficits in mice: The preventive and reversal neuromodulatory potential of diosmin as an antipsychotic","authors":"Aya-Ebi Okubo Eneni ,&nbsp;Benneth Ben-Azu ,&nbsp;Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi ,&nbsp;Adegbuyi Oladele Aderibibge","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia is a major neuropsychiatric disorder associated with neurochemical perturbations characterized by behavioral abnormalities, for which effective treatment remains elusive. The current study investigated the neurotransmitter modulatory effect of diosmin in preventing and reversing ketamine-induced neurochemical and oxidative perturbations in mice. In the preventive study, mice were first treated with diosmin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or risperidone (0.5 mg/kg) for 14-days before ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) administration from the 8th-14th day. However, in the reversal approach, mice were injected with ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days before treatment with diosmin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or risperidone from days 8–14. Behavioral consequences were measured using open-field, Y-maze, forced-swim, and social interaction tests. Neurochemical and oxidative changes critical to the disease were characterized in the striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Diosmin improved the behavioral abnormalities and improved memory in ketamine-treated mice. Also, diosmin prevented and reversed ketamine-induced oxidative stress, evidenced by increased glutathione and superoxide-dismutase with a profound decrease in malondialdehyde levels in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. Additionally, diosmin reduced nitrite levels in the striatum in the preventive approach, but with a significant decrease in the striatum and prefrontal-cortex compared to ketamine groups. Ketamine-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal-cortex were both prevented and reversed significantly. Lastly, ketamine-induced dopamine, serotonin and glutamate dysregulations in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus were prevented and reversed by diosmin compared to ketamine controls. Conclusively, diosmin improved ketamine-induced neurobehavioral deficits by augmenting antioxidant systems and modulating neurotransmitters in mice brains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of calcineurin and ionotropic glutamate receptors in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review","authors":"Awgichew Behaile Teklemariam ,&nbsp;Edgeit Abebe Zewde ,&nbsp;Melaku Mekonnen Agidew ,&nbsp;Sisay Ayalkibet Siyamrew ,&nbsp;Lemlemu Maru ,&nbsp;Zelalem Tilahun Muche","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. Calcineurin (CaN), a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, is hyperactivated in AD, leading to enhanced neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Similarly, the dysregulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), particularly NMDA receptors in the context of AD, aggravates excitotoxicity, which in turn contributes to neuronal damage and cognitive deficits. Moreover, AMPA and kainate receptors also play significant roles in synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration.</div><div>The intricate interplay between CaN and iGluRs, specifically NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors, through various signaling pathways plays a crucial role in AD pathogenesis. Therapeutic approaches targeting the CaN-iGluR axis, including CaN inhibitors and iGluR modulators, have the potential to mitigate the progression of AD and improve cognitive functions associated with the disease.</div><div>This systematic review aims to consolidate current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying CaN and iGluR dysregulation in AD and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets. Future investigations should prioritize elucidating the precise interactions between CaN and iGluRs, as well as developing selective modulators to enhance the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions for AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and motoric outcome of AI-assisted stroke rehabilitation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Tivano Antoni ,&nbsp;Benedictus Benedictus ,&nbsp;Stefanus Erdana Putra","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Stroke is the primary contributor to disability worldwide, causing a high economic burden due to its morbidity. Due to the application of artificial intelligence (AI), stroke rehabilitation has been revolutionized, resulting in significant improvement. Implementing AI also enables home-based care, thus helping stroke patients who generally have ambulatory difficulties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This research was a systematic review from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, including randomized controlled trials (RCT) published from 2009 to 2024. Meta-analysis included seven studies discussing the functional and motoric outcomes of AI-assisted stroke rehabilitation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six studies included post-stroke patients within 3 to 6 months after the stroke occurred. AI models used were varied, ranging from end-effector or exoskeleton robots to a combination of both and virtual reality (VR). Overall, the included studies had a low risk of bias. Standard mean differences (SMDs) of the Barthel Index and Motricity Index were 0.16 and 0.60. No significant difference between AI-assisted stroke rehabilitation and conventional stroke rehabilitation for both outcomes. Non-inferiority trials showed that the AI-assisted method was not inferior to the conventional method of stroke rehabilitation.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Considering its feasibility, personalization, and flexible rehabilitation program, AI-assisted was non-inferior to the conventional method. A comprehensive guideline is needed to facilitate its usage in clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AI-assisted stroke rehabilitation was not inferior to conventional stroke rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral fat embolism after facial fat grafting during reconstructive surgery: a rare mechanism of stroke in the young","authors":"Eduardo Soriano – Navarro ,&nbsp;Pilar Robles – Lomelin ,&nbsp;Rebeca Ramos – Sánchez ,&nbsp;Jorge Alanis – Mendizabal ,&nbsp;Andrés Mercado – Pompa ,&nbsp;Vanessa Cano –Nigenda ,&nbsp;Antonio Arauz","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of magnolol: A comprehensive review on its efficacy in managing neurological disorders","authors":"Nasrin Sultana ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abu Sayeed ,&nbsp;Marajul Islam ,&nbsp;S.M. Asadul Karim Azad ,&nbsp;Sumaiya Binte Tareq ,&nbsp;Miskhat-Ul- Jannat ,&nbsp;Farzana Yeasmin","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnolol (MG) is a lignan compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, renowned for its significant neuroprotective properties include the reduction of amyloid-beta toxicity and the inhibition of apoptotic pathways in neuronal cells. MG has demonstrated beneficial effects in models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Approximately 2–10 % MG was found from the bark of Magnolia species. MG has been a cornerstone of traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine, revered for its therapeutic benefits. This bioactive ingredient is a focal point in neuropharmacological research because it promotes neurite outgrowth, enhances neuronal survival, and mitigates neurological impairments. Such properties underscore its potential in addressing a myriad of neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, and neuropathies. MG is not only potent in alleviating neurological impairments but also exhibits robust protective effects against nervous system damage and toxicity. This comprehensive review elucidates the neuropharmacological potential of MG, exploring into its sources, chemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity, while addressing the challenges and prospects associated with its therapeutic applications. MG's multifaceted benefits underscore its promise as a pivotal agent in neuropharmacology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"rTMS for enhancing cognitive reserve: A case report","authors":"Chiara Di Fazio ,&nbsp;Eugenio Scaliti ,&nbsp;Mario Stanziano ,&nbsp;Anna Nigri ,&nbsp;Greta Demichelis ,&nbsp;Marco Tamietto ,&nbsp;Sara Palermo","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms underlying brain ageing and age-related pathologies is crucial for addressing cognitive decline. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have gained prominence due to their ability to modulate neurophysiological, affective and cognitive brain functions. In this case study, we present a 61-year-old woman who suffered from mood disturbances, sleep disturbances, fatigue and cognitive decline. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was performed to evaluate mood, cognition and quality of life. The elderly woman underwent rTMS treatment targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region critical for executive functions and mood regulation. Significant improvements were observed in attention, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility, as evidenced by reductions in completion times on the Trail Making Test (TMT). In addition to clinical and cognitive outcomes, cortical excitability was assessed through motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) before and after the intervention. Modulation of MEPs amplitude was observed post-treatment, suggesting neurophysiological changes potentially linked to the normalization of cortical activity. Our findings suggest that rTMS may be a well-tolerated and potentially effective intervention for improving cognitive function and stabilizing mood in older adults experiencing age-related cognitive decline and mood disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of phytochemical composition of aqueous extract of Annona reticulata and assessment of its neuroprotective activity on Paraquat-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R","authors":"Shubha,&nbsp;Vaibhavi Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Naomi Varghese,&nbsp;Sowmya Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurons are essential for maintaining physiological balance, and abnormalities in neuronal activity or communication can lead to medical disorders. The term “neurodegenerative diseases” refers to a broad category of neurological disorders that affect different subsets of neurons in different functional anatomical systems. The term “neurodegenerative diseases” refers to a broad category of neurological disorders that affect different subsets of neurons in different functional anatomical systems. The Oregon R strain of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> was used in the study to examine the neuroprotective effects of <em>Annona reticulata</em> Linn. leaf extract against Paraquat-induced neurotoxicity. As per the results of the phytochemical analysis, the Annona reticulata Linn aqueous leaf extract included many phytochemicals like flavanones, phenols, steroids, quinones, coumarins, and flavonoids. Pursuit a toxicity test on the <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> Oregon R strain, the aqueous extract's antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were evaluated after choosing the ideal paraquat concentration to cause neurodegeneration in the flies. The extract improved the survival rates and greatly decreased locomotor impairment in the treated flies. Additionally, it demonstrated beneficial modulatory effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as ameliorative effects on the levels of oxidative stress indicators. However, further study is needed to fully understand the molecular pathways behind the extract's neuroprotective activity and to investigate its potential applicability as a medication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of ferroptosis pathways in Huntington's disease: Insight of pathophysiology to emerging treatment","authors":"Mohd Haris Jamal ,&nbsp;Meghna Dhupar ,&nbsp;Khadga Raj Aran","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Huntington's disease (HD) is a persistent ailment identified by progressive physical disability, cognitive impairment, and severe psychiatric symptoms. A mutation in the HTT gene is at the root of HD, causing the development of a protein known as mutant huntingtin (mHTT), which wreaks havoc on neuronal health. While oxidative stress and altered iron metabolism have long been associated with HD, new research has shown a novel and intriguing mechanism: ferroptosis. This sort of regulated cell death is caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and evidence suggests that it plays an important role in HD's severe neurodegeneration. mHTT exacerbates oxidative damage and promotes ferroptosis by disrupting iron homeostasis and antioxidant defenses. HD models and patient tissues exhibit enhanced lipid peroxidation, iron overload, and evidence of ferroptotic cell death, indicating ferroptosis as a major contribution to disease pathophysiology. Even more promising is that blocking ferroptosis can save neurons and enhance outcomes in preclinical HD models. This discovery provides a tantalizing view into prospective medicines that could halt or reduce disease development, a dream long sought by patients and families. As our understanding of ferroptosis grows, so does the chance to design novel treatments that target this lethal form of cell death. Exploring the relationship between iron dysregulation, oxidative damage and neurodegeneration in HD may reshape our strategy for combating this tragic disease, offering up new pathways for revolutionary therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging biomarkers: a critical review of their role in neurological disease diagnosis and management","authors":"Nitu L. Wankhede ,&nbsp;Sushruta Koppula ,&nbsp;Payal D. Umare ,&nbsp;Mohit D. Umare ,&nbsp;Sanket K. Lokhande ,&nbsp;Brijesh G. Taksande ,&nbsp;Aman B. Upaganlawar ,&nbsp;Milind J. Umekar ,&nbsp;Spandana Rajendra Kopalli ,&nbsp;Mayur B. Kale","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imaging-based biomarkers (IBB)are indispensable in neurology, revealing crucial insights into structural, functional, and molecular changes associated with neurological disorders. Techniques such as MRI, PET, SPECT, and CT yield a diverse array of biomarkers including connectivity patterns, volumetric measurements, and molecular imaging agents. These biomarkers facilitate early diagnosis, disease progression tracking, therapy response prediction, and surgical planning, thereby playing pivotal roles in clinical management. However, integration of IBBs into routine clinical practice faces significant obstacles. Technical constraints, standardization challenges, ethical considerations, regulatory hurdles, and cost-effectiveness concerns all pose substantial barriers. Nevertheless, advancements in imaging technology hold promise in addressing these obstacles. High-resolution imaging, multimodal approaches, and artificial intelligence-based analysis show potential in improving the accuracy and reliability of imaging biomarkers. Despite the need for further research and standardization efforts, ongoing developments in imaging-based biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis, treatment, and management of neurological disorders. By overcoming current challenges and harnessing technological advancements, imaging-based biomarkers are well-positioned to improve our understanding and management of neurological disorders, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of cerebellar and basal ganglia pathology on the coordination of bilateral arm movements","authors":"Chang-Ha Im ,&nbsp;Jinsung Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-Gwan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to compare coordination deficits between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cerebellar dysfunction (CD) patients during in- and anti-phase bilateral movements with their forearms. 48 participants were divided into four groups: recently diagnosed (de novo) PD patients; PD patients with an advanced stage of the disease; CD patients; age-matched controls. All participants performed in-phase and anti-phase bilateral coordination movements at two pacing frequencies (1 and 1.55 Hz). For interlimb coordination, relative phasing accuracy was measured; for individual limb movements, oscillation frequency, movement amplitude and harmonicity (smoothness) of each limb movement were examined. Results indicated that advanced PD patients showed larger relative phasing deviations than all other groups, but only at the higher pacing frequency in the anti-phase mode; de novo PD and CD patients were not different from controls. Regarding oscillation frequency, no patient group could move in synchrony with required pacing frequency as well as the controls. Both controls and CD patients tended to overshoot the target, while both PD groups undershot the target. In terms of movement smoothness, CD patients were the worst. These findings suggest that the basal ganglia and the cerebellum pathology may affect bilateral coordination differently: motor deficits observed during bilateral coordination tasks in PD patients may be related more directly to the deficits in interlimb coordination, while those observed in CD patients may be related more to the deficits in inter-joint coordination within each limb, which in turn may affect interlimb coordination during bilateral tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}