Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Hypercapnia as a preventative therapeutic strategy: Unveiling the neuroprotective potential and mechanisms","authors":"K. Fazeli ,&nbsp;S.B. Jameie ,&nbsp;M. Farhadi","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypercapnia, an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream, has been historically considered purely a pathological condition. However, based on several publications evaluating the adverse outcome of certain conditions with an additional hypercapnia, It was discovered that hypercapnia can be also utilized as a therapeutic strategy. The most common of these strategies is permissive hypercapnia, which is described by inducing PaCO2 in inhalation while breathing under a mechanical ventilator in order to reduce secondary lung injuries. Subsequently, hypercapnia was also discovered as an effective anti-apoptotic and anti-ischemic agent while evaluated on neurons in vitro and rat models. As a result, hypercapnia has been utilized as an intervention in several clinical trials regarding different neurological conditions, most notably Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage. Mild levels of induced Hypercapnia is capable of preventing serious delayed vasospastic ischemic attacks and increases the overall cerebral blood flow which leads to significantly better outcomes in patients with severe acute neurological conditions. The anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective characteristics of CO2 suggest induced hypercapnia as a potential strategy for preventing more chronic neuropathological conditions. This article aims to review the publications surrounding the neuro-therapeutic effects of hypercapnia and discuss the advantages, drawbacks, and future of hypercapnia as an impactful strategy in preventing and treating neurological pathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic brain injury as a precursor to neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanisms linking TBI to Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Kirti Bamel ,&nbsp;Anil Panwar ,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Varruchi Sharma ,&nbsp;Anil Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioinformatics has become an essential field of interest for examining intricate biological data and revealing the possible mechanisms that have significant contribution to various diseases. The field encompasses diverse applications, such as genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and network analysis, which hold significant promise for uncovering critical pathways and molecules implicated in the TBI-AD mechanism. Numerous studies have indicated that bioinformatics has yielded significant insights into inflammation, immune response, tau pathology, amyloid-β pathology, and changes in neuroplasticity following TBI, potentially contributing to the onset of AD. Building on this, systems biology approaches are essential for integrating multi-omics data, which aids in the discovery of biomarkers, drug targets, and treatment strategies. Recent advancements in high-throughput and high-content screens (HCS) for neurodegenerative diseases have primarily focused on inherited neurodegenerative disorders. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular and cellular responses triggered by TBI–such as oxidative stress, mechanical deformation, and excitotoxicity—disrupt critical homeostatic processes, including axonal transport, protein folding, and clearance. These disruptions contribute to hallmark AD pathologies, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation leading to neurofibrillary tangle formation. Furthermore, neuroinflammatory responses and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exacerbate neuronal injury and accelerate neurodegenerative progression. Advances in bioinformatics, particularly through high-throughput omics analyses, have illuminated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), dysregulated pathways, and key molecular players involved in these processes. These insights are guiding the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, including NMDAR modulators to alleviate excitotoxicity, beta-secretase inhibitors to limit Aβ aggregation, and anti-inflammatory agents aimed at suppressing COX2-mediated inflammation. By integrating findings from clinical data and preclinical models, bioinformatics continues to deepen our understanding of the complex interplay between TBI and AD. Ultimately, this integrative approach is essential for identifying early diagnostic markers, optimizing treatment strategies, and improving long-term outcomes for individuals affected by TBI-induced neurodegeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on cardiovascular and biochemical responses to atypical and typical antipsychotic medication in schizophrenic patients","authors":"Olayemi F. Fagbomedo ,&nbsp;Jamiyu A. Saliu ,&nbsp;Damilola A. Omoboyowa ,&nbsp;Anthony M. Agesin","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antipsychotic medications are essential for managing schizophrenia but are associated with metabolic side effects. This study aims to compare the cardiovascular effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenic patients. A total of 200 participants were recruited, including 100 schizophrenic patients (50 on typical drugs and 50 on atypical drugs), 50 patients yet to start treatment, and 50 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hematological parameters, cardiac biomarkers, liver function, and lipid profiles. Data obtained were analyzed and mean comparison was performed using Graphpad prism 9. Results indicated that schizophrenic patients on antipsychotics exhibited significant alterations in hematological indices compared to healthy controls. The activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were notably higher in patients taking both typical and atypical drugs (14.94 ± 7.38, 12.98 ± 4.69, 16.78 ± 8.44 and 13.80 ± 6.26, respectively). Moreover, cardiovascular markers revealed significant increases in cardiac troponin I, myoglobin, natriuretic peptide, and creatine kinase-myocardial band among patients on antipsychotics compared to healthy controls. Lipid profiles and blood glucose levels were also significantly elevated in patients treated with antipsychotics. The findings suggest that antipsychotic treatment is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders and mild liver injury, with atypical drugs showing greater toxicity. Consequently, frequent monitoring of schizophrenic patients on antipsychotic medications for metabolic disorders is essential. Future research should involve a larger and more diverse population, with the inclusion of various antipsychotic drugs and multi-site sample collections to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels, and their related factors in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Zhengchuang Fu ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Yu,&nbsp;Quanfeng Zhu,&nbsp;Yali Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown that the levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in its downstream signaling pathway are related to the occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); some studies have suggested that plasma levels of MIF and MMP-9 could be used as potential biomarkers for AD. This study aimed to explore the changes in MIF and MMP-9 levels in the plasma of patients with AD and whether they were correlated with other clinical indicators and cognitive function. Altogether, 43 patients with AD and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Socio-demographic information of the subjects was collected, and their cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Further, the biochemical indicators and plasma MIF and MMP-9 levels were detected. Our study found that plasma MIF levels were not significantly altered in patients with AD compared to HCs, while MMP-9 levels were significantly increased, and prolactin levels had significant effects on MMP-9 levels. In addition, plasma levels of MIF and MMP-9 in patients with AD had no significant correlation with cognitive function. In summary, plasma levels of MIF and MMP-9 in AD patients may be influenced by multiple factors and could vary significantly across different disease stages. Further studies are needed to elucidate their roles and underlying mechanisms in AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year cognitive follow-up in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a cohort from Mexico","authors":"Rodríguez-Agudelo Yaneth ,&nbsp;Paz-Rodríguez Francisco ,&nbsp;Chávez-Oliveros Mireya ,&nbsp;Lozano-Tovar Susana ,&nbsp;Rodríguez-Rodríguez Mónica ,&nbsp;Soto-Moreno Francisco-Javier ,&nbsp;García-Santos Anwar ,&nbsp;López-González Diana ,&nbsp;González-Navarro Mauricio ,&nbsp;Fuentes-Dominguez Mauro Fernando ,&nbsp;Carrillo-Mezo Roger ,&nbsp;Marrufo-Meléndez Oscar ,&nbsp;Gutiérrez-Romero Alonso ,&nbsp;Del Río Quiñones Manuel ,&nbsp;Arauz-Góngora Antonio ,&nbsp;Avila-Rios Santiago","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive symptoms have been identified as a prevalent sequela of Covid-19 disease, that it they persist beyond the acute phase of infection. This situation has consequences for the general and emotional functionality of patients. The aim of this work was to explore the prevalence of both global and specific impairments in various cognitive domains in a group of SARS-CoV-2 infection survivors with subjective memory-related complaints from the COVID-19 clinic of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases. Study subjects underwent a neuropsychological assessment three months after hospital discharge (first assessment T1) and again twelve months later (second assessment T2). The results show that although in the second assessment there was a significant improvement (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in several domains: attention, gnosias, visual memory and language, however, we noted a high persistence of impairments in executive functions (20.8 % at T2). On the other hand, in the analysis of the complete assessment we observed deficits in at least three tests, 73.7 % at T1 and 60.4 % at T2. While in memory and semantic and phonological verbal fluency tasks, we observed improvement without being statistically significant. Our results show that although symptoms such as depression and anxiety decreased significantly, cognitive impairment may still be observed after one year, so we suggest that those patients with severe COVID-19 should receive cognitive follow-up through periodic cognitive assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tongue crushing trismus following brainstem stroke","authors":"Prince Thakkar ,&nbsp;Hussam Elkambergy ,&nbsp;Syed Irteza Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>38-year-old female presented to emergency with history of dizziness followed by loss of consciousness. She was intubated in ED due to low GCS E3 M4 V1 and admitted to neuro intensive care unit. MRI Brain showed left and right pontine paramedian and right cerebellar infarcts. On day 7 after tracheostomy tube placement, trial of weaning was started and tongue bites were noted with difficulty to open the mouth due to masseter tightness. The tongue is crushed between the upper and lower teeth. She had a swollen left side of the tongue with a large laceration and slough formation suggestive of a severe tongue injury. Oral baclofen trial failed, and she needed sedation for muscle relaxation and prevention of tongue injury. Botulinum toxin was injected in the masseter (50 units per side) and temporalis (25 units per side) bilaterally. There was minimal improvement (5 mm) at two weeks, with intermittent tongue bites requiring a mouth gag and sedation. Due to intermittent severe trismus persisting into the 3rd week, she underwent dental extraction of the upper incisors to prevent further tongue damage. At about 60 days, interincisal distance improved satisfactory, she was then able to open and close her mouth voluntarily, allowing adequate oral care. Trismus resulting in functional impairment should receive prompt treatment with Botulinum toxin to the oromandibular muscles for prevention of complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of maze solving on attention in children with epilepsy: A pre - post research","authors":"Gurleen Kaur Kalra ,&nbsp;Abhay Kapoor ,&nbsp;Meha Jain ,&nbsp;Arnab Ghorui ,&nbsp;Chandra Mohan Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Children with epilepsy often face cognitive challenges, including attention deficits. Brain disorders, such as epilepsy, inherently elevate the risk of cognitive impairments. This study explores the effectiveness of persistent maze-solving as an accessible intervention to enhance attention in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. 37 children aged 8–12 years were assessed using the Coding test, Children's Color Trail Test (CCTT-1 and CCTT-2), and variables influencing attention. A one-month maze-solving intervention was administered under parental supervision.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baseline assessment revealed varying levels of attention impairment in children with epilepsy. Negative and positive correlations were found between attention and factors such as screen time and age at the first seizure episode respectively. The maze-solving intervention yielded a significant improvement in Coding test scores (p&lt;0.01). Although CCTT-1 and CCTT-2 scores also improved, statistical significance was not achieved.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children with epilepsy frequently experience attention deficits, which can be influenced by factors other than the episode of seizure itself. Persistent maze-solving had a positive impact on attention, providing a feasible at-home intervention for these children. Further research with larger sample sizes and extended intervention durations is warranted to validate and expand upon these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphocyte dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with dimethyl fumarate and subsequently switched to diroximel fumarate","authors":"Shauna M. Gales ,&nbsp;Ahmed Z. Obeidat ,&nbsp;Andreina Neall ,&nbsp;Kermit A. Lloyd ,&nbsp;Nicholas Belviso ,&nbsp;Seth Levin ,&nbsp;Ivan Bozin ,&nbsp;Jason P. Mendoza ,&nbsp;James B. Lewin ,&nbsp;Michael D. Kornberg","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and diroximel fumarate (DRF) are oral multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) dynamics are similar for DMF and DRF, but have not been investigated in patients who switched from DMF to DRF. This retrospective, observational study of the US Komodo Health Claims Database characterized ALC dynamics and outcomes in patients who switched DMF-DRF (“Switchers”) versus patients who stayed on DMF (“Stayers”).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eligible patients aged 18–64 years, with a diagnosis of MS and ≥1 DMT claim during the study period (01Jan2015<img>31Aug2022) had ≥1 year on DMF before switching to DRF and ≥6 months on DRF. Switchers were propensity score-matched 1:2 to Stayers. Assessments included ALC, relapses, and infection-related healthcare encounters (HCEs) and healthcare costs (HCCs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 94 eligible Switchers, 62 were matched with 124 Stayers. Mean (SD) duration of DMF exposure was 36.0 (16.0) months prior to index date/switch and 15.0 (4.9) months post-index date/switch. Over 12 months, mean ALC change from index date was –26.9 % (Switchers) versus +3.5 % (Stayers). In Switchers, mean ALC remained stable thereafter. Proportions remaining relapse-free during 15 months mean follow-up were similar between Switchers (95 %) and Stayers (91 %). Outcomes were similar for annualized rates of infection-related HCEs (mean [SD]: Switchers, 0.70 [1.03]; Stayers, 0.74 [1.57]) and HCCs (mean [SD]: Switchers, $285 [$856]; Stayers, $346 [$2299]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Over 12 months, ALC declined by 26.9 % in Switchers but increased by 3.5 % in Stayers. Despite this difference in ALC dynamics, infection-related HCEs and HCCs remained low and comparable between cohorts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating multiple sclerosis: From clinical categories to clinical management","authors":"Isra Omar ,&nbsp;Ahmed Alakhras ,&nbsp;Samahir Mutwali ,&nbsp;Moiz Bakhiet","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated neurological disorder that continues to challenge both researchers and clinicians. While advances in understanding its pathophysiology have led to improved disease-modifying therapies, these treatments primarily focus on immunosuppression and relapse prevention, leaving progressive forms of MS with limited options. Neurodegeneration, myelin loss, and long-term disability remain major hurdles, underscoring the urgent need for therapies that go beyond symptom management to actively repair damage and alter disease progression. With emerging breakthroughs in regenerative medicine, including stem cell-based therapies and novel immune-targeting treatments, we are entering a new era of MS research that prioritizes neuroprotection and repair. This review explores the latest insights into MS classification, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches, with a particular focus on cutting-edge therapies that hold the potential to shift MS care from disease suppression to long-term recovery. By bridging research and clinical application, this study aims to highlight the most promising avenues for future innovation and improved patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction in emergency room visits with cenobamate in pharmaco-resistant epilepsy: an observational study","authors":"Gal Khazin ,&nbsp;Nir Hersh ,&nbsp;Aida Hleihil ,&nbsp;Ilan Goldberg ,&nbsp;Felix Benninger","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cenobamate (Xcopri) is an antiepileptic drug introduced in Israel in July 2023 that has shown promise in reducing seizure frequency in patients with focal seizures.</div><div>This study aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of Cenobamate in a clinical setting, providing insights into its impact on quality of life and its side effect profile.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, involving a cohort of 54 pharmaco-resistant epilepsy patients. Treatment durations ranged from 58 to 422 days (mean: 168.6 days), and doses ranged from 12.5 mg to 300 mg (mean: 146.1 mg). We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Cenobamate by assessing seizure reduction, side effects, and changes in various biochemical parameters. Data on electrolytes and emergency room visits before and after starting Cenobamate were analysed for 47 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cenobamate demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing seizures, with an average seizure reduction of 57.5 ± 41 %. Seizure freedom was achieved in 27.5 % of patients in the Intention to Treat (ITT) analysis and in 43.8 % of patients on doses greater than 200mg. 35 % of patients experienced side effects, including headache, dizziness, tiredness, sleep disturbances, and mood changes, with a discontinuation rate of 14.8 %. A significant reduction in average emergency room visits from 1.53 to 0.534 per year (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, -65.1 %) was noted. Creatinine levels (<em>p</em> = 0.0005, +6.5 %) as well as potassium levels (<em>p</em> = 0.0323, +5.6 %) increased mildly but significantly. A trend towards increased liver enzyme levels was also noted, suggesting further investigation is needed.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Cenobamate treatment in our cohort was associated with a significant reduction in emergency room visits, indicating its potential benefit in managing pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. However, it also resulted in a slight increase in potassium and a significant increase in creatinine levels, along with a trend towards increased liver enzyme levels. These findings suggest the need for further investigation into the long-term safety profile of Cenobamate. Limitations of our study include the cohort size, as well as some participants having short treatment durations, possibly contributing to misleading results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}