Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Microbial therapeutic tools for human brain disorders: A current overview","authors":"Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Juan J. Borrego","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dysbiosis and gut microbiome dysfunction are common phenomena that occur in several brain-related disorders. The application of treatments aimed at restoring the imbalance of the gut microbiome through the administration of psychobiotics, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, may constitute a very promising tool, because these agents can improve the gut-brain axis communication, alleviating symptoms associated with various adverse mental conditions. In the present narrative review, we have examined 109 human interventions, primarily randomized-controlled trials, based on the application of microbial approaches for the treatment of several psychological, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, future prospects for their use in clinical practice are raised. Most of the studies reviewed have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of brain-related disorders and their adverse symptoms, indicating that microbial approaches may be an appropriate tool as a therapeutic option. These beneficial outcomes may be due to various mechanisms that associate the effect of psychobiotics with the gut-brain axis via different pathways, such as the modulation of the neurotrophic factor and kynurenine pathway, the decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, and the increase in the release of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, neuropeptides, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, important limitations have been found, mainly linked to the methodological variability of the trials examined, as well as to the specific effects of the microbial strains used, with few probiotic strains or prebiotics sharing similar outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A concise review of synthetic xanthone derivatives for Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Lokman Ali Ahmed ,&nbsp;Hiyashree Sharmah","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide, characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss and behavioural changes. Despite extensive research, current therapies provide only symptomatic relief, underscoring the urgent need for novel, multi-targeted treatment strategies. Among emerging therapeutic candidates, synthetic xanthone derivatives have gained attention due to their structural versatility and ability to modulate several key pathological targets associated with AD, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), amyloid-β aggregation, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of synthetic xanthone derivatives studied between 2010 and 2023, emphasizing their structure-activity relationships and molecular mechanisms of action. Unlike prior literature, which often centres on natural xanthones, this work uniquely focuses on synthetic analogues, highlighting their advantages in fine-tuning biological activity and improving drug-like properties. Substitution patterns, particularly at positions 2, 3, and 6 of the xanthone scaffold, are shown to critically influence enzyme inhibition and selectivity. While promising <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in silico</em> results have been reported, further <em>in vivo</em> studies and clinical evaluations are essential to realize their therapeutic potential. This review aims to serve as a targeted resource for medicinal chemists and neuroscientists in the ongoing pursuit of next-generation anti-Alzheimer’s agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic investigation of 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, a myeloperoxidase inhibitor for alleviating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and functional disabilities in a rat model of traumatic brain injury","authors":"Nikhil Bhavsar,&nbsp;Bhagawati Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><div>Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key enzyme secreted from neutrophil azurophilic granules in traumatic brain injury (TBI). 4-Aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (4ABAH) inhibits MPO irreversibly. This study examines 4ABAH's effect on weight drop-induced TBI in rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>4ABAH (40 mg/kg, <em>b.i.d., i.p.</em>) post-treatment for one (acute) and five days (repeated) was evaluated against weight drop-induced TBI in Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition to the histopathological and behavioural studies (beam walking test, rearing test, actophotometer and Y-Maze test), biochemical makers such as brain oedema, MPO activity, malondialdehyde, nitrite, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels in brain tissue were also estimated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings demonstrated that locomotor function and short-term memory of rats were impaired one day and five days after TBI. The findings also revealed increased brain oedema, MPO activity, malondialdehyde, and nitrite levels, as well as decreased catalase and glutathione levels in rats subjected to trauma. Acute post-treatment with 4ABAH mitigated TBI-induced alteration of locomotor activity in the beam walking test and cylinder test as well as malondialdehyde, nitrite, and reduced glutathione levels in the brain of the rats. However, acute treatment did not alleviate TBI-induced brain oedema, altered histological examinations, MPO activity, catalase levels, and rats' performance in the actophotometer or Y-maze. On the other hand, repeated post-treatment with 4ABAH ameliorated the histopathological, neurochemical, and behavioural consequences of trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Traumatised animals recovered partially after acute 4ABAH post-treatment; however, repeated post-treatment improved trauma outcomes significantly. Therefore, MPO may be a promising therapeutic target for TBI therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise and pharmacotherapy on fatigue in stroke patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Venkadesan Rajendran,&nbsp;Deepa Jeevanantham","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of exercise and pharmacological interventions in mitigating fatigue in acute, subacute, and chronic phases of stroke recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published before December 2023. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of exercise and pharmacotherapy on PSF in patients with acute, subacute, and chronic strokes were included. Studies that met the following criteria were included: participants who had experienced PSF, were older than 18 years, and used exercise or pharmacotherapy as interventions. The I2 test and funnel plot were used to examine heterogeneity and publication bias. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies created by the Joanna Briggs Institute.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twelve publications were selected from 1,472 citations for the final qualitative analysis. The articles were published between 2007 and 2023, with 686 participants, ranging from 06 to 119. Physical exercise and pharmacological treatments (fluoxetine, modafinil, and (−)-OSU6162) were associated with decreased fatigue severity at the end of treatment (pooled mean difference = −2.90, 95 % CI: −6.83 to 1.02). However, these trials were small and had a significant risk of bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that exercise and pharmacotherapy may reduce PSF. However, the small sample size and potential bias of the trials underscores the need for larger sample sizes and appropriate treatment durations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dural arteriovenous fistula masquerading as myelitis- A case report","authors":"Tanushree Chawla ,&nbsp;Anshu Mahajan ,&nbsp;Gaurav Goel ,&nbsp;Vinay Goyal","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Intracranial dural Arteriovenous Fistulas (dAVFs) are rare vascular malformations with diverse clinical manifestations due to ischemia secondary to venous congestion or haemorrhage. Our case clinically and radiologically closely mimicked myelitis.</div></div><div><h3>Case</h3><div>We present a 58-year-old male with quadriparesis and bulbar involvement mimicking myelitis on MRI, not responding to the initial treatment with Intravenous Methylprednisolone (IVMPS) and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg). On subsequent visit to our center, repeat scanning revealed serpentine flow voids on the anterior surface of the cord. Digital Substraction Angiography (DSA) revealed a posterior fossa dAVF which was successfully obliterated with embolization leading to marked symptomatic improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A high degree of suspicion is required when imaging suggestive of myelitis doesnot respond to immunomodulatory therapy. Imaging appearance of serpentine flow voids shall be closely looked for in all cases with myelitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and radiological characteristics of movement disorders among patients with multiple sclerosis: An observational study","authors":"Mostafa Meshref,&nbsp;Fathy Mahmoud Mansour,&nbsp;Mohamed Hamed Rashad,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Abdelsayed,&nbsp;Hassan Gad,&nbsp;Ahmad Farag Ibrahim El-Adawy","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative, autoimmune inflammatory illness with diverse symptoms, including movement disorders (MDs). Thus, we aimed to identify the prevalence and radiological findings of movement disorders (MDs) experienced by patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study on MS patients who reported MDs between September 2022 and March 2024. We reported the MRI findings of movement disorders that occur in PwMS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 330 screened MS patients, 76 (58 % female, mean age 27.76 years) had MDs. All patients showed periventricular lesions, with significant percentages displaying juxtacortical (92 %), cortical (32 %), frontal subcortical (44 %), and lentiform nucleus lesions (43 %). Parietal, temporal, and occipital subcortical lesions were less common. Bilateral lesions were prevalent across most subcortical areas, notably in the frontal subcortical region (69.7 %). Less frequently affected areas included the caudate nucleus, internal capsule, thalamus, and subthalamus, with varying laterality. Infratentorial lesions, mainly in the pons (66.2 %), also involved the midbrain and cerebellum, with a balanced left-right distribution. Peri-ependymal brainstem lesions occurred in 38.1 %, and cervical spine abnormalities in 80.3 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study emphasizes the frequency and radiological features of MDs in PwMS. The MRI results indicate a widespread and varied distribution of lesions, which aligns with the range of clinical symptoms observed in MS patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of neuroimaging in epilepsy: Diagnostic strategies and clinical decision framework","authors":"Bright Worlanyo Aklamanu","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, demands precise diagnostic imaging. This review critically examines both structural and functional neuroimaging modalities MRI, CT, PET, SPECT, MEG, fMRI, MRS, DTI, and ASL in terms of diagnostic accuracy, patient comfort, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. Structural MRI continues to serve as the cornerstone of epilepsy imaging, while functional and metabolic techniques offer vital insights in MRI-negative or drug-resistant cases. A clinical decision-making framework is proposed, guiding imaging selection based on seizure presentation and resource context. The review also addresses the implementation challenges in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including infrastructure limitations, economic barriers, and workforce shortages, while offering feasible strategies to improve access. Emphasis is placed on the integration of multimodal imaging and the development of context-sensitive, tiered approaches to optimize epilepsy care globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the effects of spinal cord stimulation on motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Claudia Eunice Neves de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Layla Cupertino ,&nbsp;Emanuele Los Angeles ,&nbsp;Nathalia Mendes Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Thayna Magalhães Novaes ,&nbsp;Viviane Dos Santos Mendes ,&nbsp;Luana dos Santos de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Daniel Boari Coelho","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by motor symptoms such as postural instability. While conventional treatments like levodopa and deep brain stimulation (DBS) can be effective in early stages, they often fail to address axial symptoms in advanced PD. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has emerged as a potential alternative, targeting the spinal cord to modulate neural activity and improve motor function. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of SCS on motor symptoms in PD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review followed a registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42021261069) and included studies involving SCS intervention in PD patients. The search was conducted across four electronic databases until December 2023, focusing on terms related to SCS and motor symptoms in PD. Eligible studies included those with SCS applied at any spinal level, irrespective of the intervention duration, and involving outcome variables related to motor symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review analyzed 21 studies with approximately 70 patients. Stimulation parameters varied widely, including different spinal levels, frequencies, pulse widths, and amplitudes. Most studies reported improvements in motor symptoms, particularly in gait and postural stability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that SCS may offer a promising alternative for managing motor symptoms in PD, especially for those resistant to levodopa and DBS. Despite encouraging results, the variability in outcomes highlights the need for further research to optimize SCS protocols, identify suitable patient profiles, and understand the long-term effects. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to establish standardized guidelines for using SCS in PD treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coenzyme-Q10 diminishes early behavior indicative of depressive-like phenotype induced by overweight in a murine model of litter size reduction","authors":"Carolina Soares Horta de Souza ,&nbsp;Fernando Vitor Vieira ,&nbsp;Thaís da Silva Maciel ,&nbsp;Viviana Carolina Trujillo Rojas ,&nbsp;Cíntia Onofra Novais ,&nbsp;Sebastião Nilce Souto Filho ,&nbsp;Alexandre Giusti-Paiva ,&nbsp;Tayllon dos Anjos-Garcia ,&nbsp;Bruna Kalil-Cutti ,&nbsp;Fabiana Cardoso Vilela","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study was developed to investigate whether the chronic treatment with Coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) could reverse behaviors indicative of depressive-like phenotype induced by early-life obesity in a murine model of litter size reduction. We used a standardized litter size reduction protocol, allocating litters into normal litter (NL), consisting of six males and six female pups, or into small litter (SL), consisting of two males and two female pups per litter. Maternal behavior was monitored during the initial week of lactation. Subsequently, we assessed the pups for weight gain, social play behavior, immobility time in the forced swimming test, and locomotor activity in the open field apparatus. Our results indicated that litter size reduction led to increased maternal behavior and greater weight gain in offspring from the SL group. Both male and female rodents in the SL group exhibited decreased social play behavior and spent more time immobile during the forced swimming test, suggesting a depressive-like phenotype. Notably, we observed that chronic treatment with Co-Q10 prevented the onset of the behavior indicative of a depressive-like phenotype. Obesity may promote the development of early depressive-like behavior, which could potentially be reversed by Co-Q10.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional, observational study on quality of life in epilepsy patients","authors":"Devulapalli Shilpasree ,&nbsp;Muthyala Sathish ,&nbsp;Ruhul Amin Ahmed ,&nbsp;Thirunagiri Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study involved a cross-sectional, observational patient survey using QOLIE-31 to assess relationships between demographic characteristics (age, gender, and residence status) and clinical factors (seizure type, epilepsy duration, comorbid conditions, risk factors, therapy options (monotherapy or polytherapy) on health-related quality of life (QOL) in people with epilepsy. Research data collection includes 260 epilepsy patients who have visited Neurology departments of Khammam region tertiary care hospitals. The QOLIE-31 survey revealed unsatisfactory mean scores in the Seizure Worry (46.05 ± 7.59) and Overall Quality of Life (44.21 ± 8.14) domains and Social Functioning (43.31 ± 9.69) dimensions. All variables along with seizure type and therapy type and disease duration along with gender and age and comorbidities had substantial influence on QOL scores among epilepsy patients. The QOL scores tended to be lower for patients with focal onset aware seizures and received multiple antiseizure medications. In contrast, patients without health conditions who received one anti-seizure medication reported better QOL scores. The statistical results showed that both demographic elements and clinical measurements created significant effects on QOL (ANOVA <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Treating patients with a single drug regimen of levetiracetam resulted in more beneficial treatment outcomes and enhanced quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}