Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Monosodium glutamate aggravates social defeat stress-induced behavioral dysfunctions by promoting neurodegeneration and downregulating prefrontal cortex BDNF expressions in mice","authors":"Lily O. Otomewo ,&nbsp;Paul Ademola Adeleke ,&nbsp;Abayomi M. Ajayi ,&nbsp;Joseph Chimezie ,&nbsp;James O. Oni ,&nbsp;Anthony T. Eduviere ,&nbsp;Olusegun A. Adeoluwa ,&nbsp;Solomon Umukoro","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a food additive, acts as an excitotoxin by elevating brain glutamate levels, resulting in neuronal and behavioral dysfunctions. Social defeat stress (SDS) induces behavioral and neuronal changes by depleting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), suggesting that MSG might exacerbate mental health risks associated with SDS. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of MSG on chronic SDS-induced behavioral disturbances, BDNF signaling, and histomorphological changes in mice. Male Swiss mice were randomly distributed into five groups (<em>n</em> = 5). Group 1 (Control) and group 2 (Stress-control) received distilled water (10 mL/kg, p.o) while group 3–5 had MSG (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o). Mice in group 2–5 underwent SDS through exposure to aggressive resident counterparts for 5 min confrontation, daily for 14 days. The signs of depression, anxiety, and social interaction impairments were evaluated. The blood glucose, serum corticosterone and BDNF immunopositivity of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured. The histomorphological changes of the hippocampus and PFC were determined. MSG significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) exacerbated SDS-induced depression and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. It also significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) worsened the social interaction deficits and elevated blood glucose, and corticosterone levels in mice exposed to SDS. Socially defeated mice pretreated with MSG showed decreased BDNF expression in the PFC. High doses of MSG significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) increased the proportions of degenerated neuronal cells in the hippocampal CA3 and PFC of SDS-mice. These findings suggest that MSG aggravates SDS-induced depression-related disorders in mice by disrupting neuronal integrity and downregulating PFC BDNF expressions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, etiology, risk factors, management options, and outcomes in chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH): A comprehensive literature review of recent advances","authors":"Mahdi Mehmandoost ,&nbsp;Amirmohammad Bahri ,&nbsp;Afarinesh Hasheminejad ,&nbsp;Hossein Sharifi ,&nbsp;Sayeh Oveisi ,&nbsp;Farzan Fahim","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a significant neurosurgical disorder with a rising incidence (1.7–20.6 per 100,000 people annually) and a recurrence rate of 10–20 %. The aging global population has led to an increased disease burden, with notable impacts on morbidity and mortality among elderly patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in the prevalence, etiology, risk factors, management strategies, and outcomes of cSDH, highlighting their clinical implications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A narrative review methodology was employed. Literature was searched systematically in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science covering January 2000 to April 2025, using keywords related to “chronic subdural hematoma,” “risk factors,” “management,” and “outcomes.” Inclusion criteria encompassed relevant cohort studies, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines, with a focus on studies published in English. Risk factors, etiologies, therapeutic approaches, and prognostic variables were extracted and synthesized.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>cSDH predominantly affects elderly men, with major risk factors including advanced age, male sex, head trauma, use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents, and chronic alcohol use. Etiological mechanisms involve bridging vein injury, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, and impaired hemostasis. Management options consist of conservative therapy, pharmacological agents (such as dexamethasone and atorvastatin), minimally invasive procedures (e.g., middle meningeal artery embolization), and surgical interventions. Decision-making should be individualized based on patient comorbidities and risks. Prognosis is influenced by age, comorbid conditions, hematoma characteristics, and selected therapy. Surgical drainage remains the mainstay of treatment but carries recurrence risk, especially in older adults with multiple comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Understanding current evidence regarding cSDH pathophysiology, risk stratification, and treatment modalities is essential for optimizing outcomes. Continued research is warranted to refine preventive, diagnostic, and management approaches, particularly for high-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum regarding missing Editor Disclosure statements in previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current drug targets for the treatment of depression","authors":"Gauri Pathak ,&nbsp;Aryaa Nigade ,&nbsp;Kuttiappan Anitha ,&nbsp;Shvetank Bhatt","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression or major depressive disorder (MDD) is a condition of prolonged sadness, which requires crucial examination. Worldwide, 5 % of the adult population is suffered with depression. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, women are more prone to affect with depression as compared to men. There is no effective treatment available for the MDD. Available treatment options such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are facing problems of treatment resistance and onset of action of above-mentioned drugs are slow and start showing their effects after 4–6 weeks. Now, the discovery of antidepressants is going on beyond monoaminergic transmission and recently approved drugs targets glutaminergic and GABAergic transmission. Moreover, serotonergic and dopaminergic transmission at multiple receptor levels and uptake mechanisms, melatonin agonists, neuropeptides, neurokinins etc. are also approved or in the various phases of clinical trials for MDD. This paper mainly discusses the recent advances in the treatment of depression i.e. drugs and novel targets which are recently approved or evaluated in preclinical and clinical setups. It also highlights the need for innovative treatments due to limitations in the current therapies and emphasises on novel drug targets beyond the traditional treatment plans, which might lead to increase in effectiveness and faster relief from symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying target regions for non-invasive brain stimulation of the language network in primary progressive aphasia: A narrative review","authors":"Sagarika Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Irtisha Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Rajan Kashyap ,&nbsp;Vanteemar S. Sreeraj ,&nbsp;Faheem Arshad ,&nbsp;B.K. Yamini ,&nbsp;Rose Dawn Bharath ,&nbsp;P.T. Sivakumar ,&nbsp;Ganesan Venkatsubramanian ,&nbsp;Suvarna Alladi ,&nbsp;Kenichi Oishi ,&nbsp;John E. Desmond ,&nbsp;S.H. Annabel Chen ,&nbsp;T.N. Sathyaprabha ,&nbsp;Kaviraja Udupa","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition characterized by loss of language function. The present review discusses that Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) holds the potential to benefit these patients by inducing neuroplasticity in language networks. Studies have also shown that neuroplasticity in the language networks is accompanied by behavioural gains irrespective of the degree of regional atrophy in PPA patients. However, the generalizability of NIBS in remediating speech deficits is currently restricted by inter-individual variability, lack of consistency, and understanding of the underlying improvement mechanism. Here, we highlight the organization of language networks in PPA patients by consolidating anatomical, functional, and tractography-based imaging studies. These imaging and brain-computer interface studies point out functional segregation of language processing in dorsal and ventral pathways that brace with the regional atrophy pattern seen in PPA patients. The dorsal pathway involved in the sequential processing of phonetics and syntax encompasses the neuronal network around the left posterior temporal-parietal region and inferior frontal gyrus. The ventral pathway is involved in the amalgamation of sensory input into semantics around the left middle and inferior temporal lobes, including the polar cortices. A separate speech production network is identified around the left inferior frontal gyrus and motor cortices dedicated to integrated motor articulation. Thus, the present review suggests selectively stimulating brain regions within these different speech processing networks to address specific speech deficits seen in PPA patients to maximize the benefits of functionality-specific NIBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of Shilajit in Vascular Dementia behind pathology and management - A concise review","authors":"Kousik Maparu,&nbsp;Shamsher Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease, is distinguished by cognitive decline caused by cerebrovascular problems such as cerebral infarctions and white matter abnormalities, by various factors including sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol, various gene mutations such as APP, PSEN, BACE, CADASIL, CARASIL APOE. Risk factors cause the generation of oxidative stress and ROS production leads to apoptosis, impaired autophagy, and neuroinflammation are important variables that cause neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Various inflammatory markers, including TNF, IL, NF-κβ, NLR, and MAPK, cause neurodegeneration and vascular damage, leading to Vascular dementia. Vascular homeostasis depends on nitric oxide, and a lack of it is associated with advancing vascular disease. There are existing therapy alternatives, and a new study suggests that targeting the nitric oxide-cAMP pathway may open new treatment possibilities. Shilajit, a traditional herbomineral Ayurvedic ingredient, has several health benefits, including anemia, digestive difficulties, and neurological illnesses. It has a high mineral content, humic substances, fatty acid content, and bioactive substances that have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and memory-enhancing properties. Fulvic acid adds to Shilajit’s anti-aging and neuroprotective qualities, also lowers inflammation, and enhances cardiovascular health. It may be used as a dietary supplement to prevent vascular dementia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in an adult with middle ear cholesteatoma and ipsilateral visual impairment","authors":"Yu-Xing Ge,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Yue Liao,&nbsp;Jing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare benign fibro-osseous disorder that typically onsets in childhood or adolescence. After puberty, the progression of the skeletal lesions tends to be suspended. Unlike other reported FD patients, we describe an adult female with middle ear cholesteatoma, who gradually experienced a vision decline in right eye at the age of 46, accompanied by facial asymmetry and deformity mainly located around the zygomatic arch, and oculomotor paralysis in right. Besides the involvement of craniofacial bones, another asymptomatic lesion had been detected incidentally in left femur by whole-body bone scintigraphy. The patient has no osteodynia, fracture, cutaneous or endocrine findings which are the common manifestations of FD. A surgical procedure had been subsequently performed to relieve neurologic compression. The specimens from skull base further confirmed the diagnosis of FD histopathologically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of time-restricted feeding on brain oxidative stress, locomotor activity, and antioxidant defenses in aged Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Umar F. Abdulwahab ,&nbsp;Zayyanu U. Usman ,&nbsp;Aliyu Buhari ,&nbsp;Iyabo M. Adebisi","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physical function declines with age, often accompanied by oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a promising dietary intervention to slow aging and promote health. This study examined the effects of TRF on brain oxidative stress in aged <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, a well-established model organism for aging and neurodegeneration. Our experimental design included <em>ad libitum</em> feeding (control) and fasting protocols (8 and 12 h) of aged flies. The brain locomotor activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant gene expression were then determined in the control and experimental groups. Our findings showed that TRF improves locomotor activity in aging organisms, suggesting a link between feeding patterns and behavioral outcomes. TRF also reduced oxidative stress by lowering malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity. Additionally, TRF upregulated antioxidant genes such as SOD and CAT, demonstrating its ability to modulate cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. TRF is a promising non-pharmacological approach to brain health and age-related oxidative stress in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. These findings suggest that TRF may be an effective dietary intervention to improve aging trajectories and reduce age-related neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Significance statement</h3><div>The findings in this study advance the sub-discipline of neuroprotection by demonstrating that time-restricted feeding significantly reduces brain oxidative stress and enhances antioxidant defenses, suggesting its potential as a non-pharmacological intervention for mitigating age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress and challenges of acute encephalitis syndrome: an update on pathogenesis and interventional approaches","authors":"Priya Sharma ,&nbsp;Krupanshu Parmar ,&nbsp;Aishika Datta ,&nbsp;Bijoyani Ghosh ,&nbsp;Deepaneeta Sarmah ,&nbsp;Anupom Borah ,&nbsp;Pallab Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) refers to inflammation of the brain and is characterized by an acute onset of fever with altered consciousness. It can occur irrespective of age and gender which may eventually trigger seizures. Earlier, AES was categorized as infectious and non-infectious encephalitis keeping a major focus on Japanese encephalitis (JE). However, successful immunization against JE has reduced mortality. Nevertheless, AES is still predominant and has its role in neurological diseases burden. Recent etiological studies have explored that various viral and non-viral entities contributing to the current burden of AES by their unique mechanisms which are yet to be properly understood. Moreover, the incidence of AES can differ according to seasonal and geographical variances. Hence, in the present review, we will discuss the pathophysiology, incidence, and prevalence of AES in light of different causative agents. In addition, various risk factors and comorbidities associated with AES will also be discussed. Understanding the major causes of AES may help in the discovery of future therapeutic strategies to manage its high burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibodies against unknown neuronal antigens following herpes simplex virus encephalitis: A report of three patients","authors":"Hiroshi Kataoka ,&nbsp;Makoto Hara ,&nbsp;Hitoki Nanaura ,&nbsp;Hideto Nakajima ,&nbsp;Kazuma Sugie","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) is common form of viral encephalitis, but mortality remains high. Antibodies against synaptic receptors have been implicated in the development of antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis after an HSVE-related neurological relapse. Both known and unknown antibodies against neuronal antigens have been detected following HSVE. However, details regarding the characteristics of patients with HSVE who have unknown antibodies, including the true nature of the antibodies, remain unknown. Until the pathophysiology of unknown autoantibodies is determined, neurologists can benefit from understanding the clinical features of individuals with unknown antibodies.</div><div>Here, we describe the cases of three patients with unknown neuronal antibodies in CSF following HSVE.</div><div>A previously reported patient showed a progressive clinical course, along with prominently expanding white matter lesions. The second patient showed neurological relapse, and the third patient achieved a monophasic clinical course. MRI in the three patients revealed white matter lesion progression in the tentorium. CSF samples from all patients showed surface antigen reactivity upon immunohistochemical evaluation using a rat hippocampus and a live neuronal assay using rat hippocampal primary cultured cells. Cell-based assays revealed that the CSF did not contain neuronal surface antibodies (A-NSAs), such as anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. The samples also tested negative for aquaporin-4 antibodies and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoproteins. Antibodies against unknown NSAs were detected in all three patients.</div><div>HSVE can be associated with A-NSAs, and its clinical course varies. One possible sign of the presence of A-NSAs in patients with HSVE is the detection of atypical white matter lesions on cranial MRI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}