Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Cerebral fat embolism after facial fat grafting during reconstructive surgery: a rare mechanism of stroke in the young","authors":"Eduardo Soriano – Navarro , Pilar Robles – Lomelin , Rebeca Ramos – Sánchez , Jorge Alanis – Mendizabal , Andrés Mercado – Pompa , Vanessa Cano –Nigenda , Antonio Arauz","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in DPPX autoantibody levels in autoimmune encephalitis: a case report and brief review","authors":"Abdalla Khabazeh,&nbsp;Volney Sheen","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DPPX) encephalitis is a recently recognized but rare cause of autoimmune encephalitis. Clinically, it presents with a subacute onset of seizures, cognitive decline, and tremors, often accompanied by gastrointestinal manifestations such as weight loss and vomiting. Temporal fluctuations in DPPX antibody levels have not been previously reported and diagnosing this subtype remains challenging due to its gradual onset, diverse clinical presentation, and possible fluctuations in antibody levels throughout the disease course. Its pathophysiology is incompletely understood, likely involving genetic, environmental, and immune factors.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>We describe a 22-year-old male presenting with a clinical syndrome consistent with DPPX encephalitis, including seizures, cognitive impairment, and systemic manifestations. Serum testing revealed antibodies to DPPX and voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC), confirmed by a cell-based assay. The assay was repeated at the initial presentation and was again positive. However, repeat testing several months later, prior to treatment, showed negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum DPPX antibodies. Repeat testing on a third occasion also returned negative results. The patient improved significantly after immunotherapy, consistent with an autoimmune encephalitis diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of DPPX encephalitis, emphasizing the importance of interpreting encephalopathy panel results within the clinical context. The observed fluctuations in DPPX antibody levels suggest that repeat serum testing may be of utility to reassess diagnosis and guide treatment in clinical cases where there is concern for autoimmune encephalitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on cardiovascular and biochemical responses to atypical and typical antipsychotic medication in schizophrenic patients","authors":"Olayemi F. Fagbomedo ,&nbsp;Jamiyu A. Saliu ,&nbsp;Damilola A. Omoboyowa ,&nbsp;Anthony M. Agesin","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antipsychotic medications are essential for managing schizophrenia but are associated with metabolic side effects. This study aims to compare the cardiovascular effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenic patients. A total of 200 participants were recruited, including 100 schizophrenic patients (50 on typical drugs and 50 on atypical drugs), 50 patients yet to start treatment, and 50 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hematological parameters, cardiac biomarkers, liver function, and lipid profiles. Data obtained were analyzed and mean comparison was performed using Graphpad prism 9. Results indicated that schizophrenic patients on antipsychotics exhibited significant alterations in hematological indices compared to healthy controls. The activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were notably higher in patients taking both typical and atypical drugs (14.94 ± 7.38, 12.98 ± 4.69, 16.78 ± 8.44 and 13.80 ± 6.26, respectively). Moreover, cardiovascular markers revealed significant increases in cardiac troponin I, myoglobin, natriuretic peptide, and creatine kinase-myocardial band among patients on antipsychotics compared to healthy controls. Lipid profiles and blood glucose levels were also significantly elevated in patients treated with antipsychotics. The findings suggest that antipsychotic treatment is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders and mild liver injury, with atypical drugs showing greater toxicity. Consequently, frequent monitoring of schizophrenic patients on antipsychotic medications for metabolic disorders is essential. Future research should involve a larger and more diverse population, with the inclusion of various antipsychotic drugs and multi-site sample collections to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction in emergency room visits with cenobamate in pharmaco-resistant epilepsy: an observational study","authors":"Gal Khazin ,&nbsp;Nir Hersh ,&nbsp;Aida Hleihil ,&nbsp;Ilan Goldberg ,&nbsp;Felix Benninger","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cenobamate (Xcopri) is an antiepileptic drug introduced in Israel in July 2023 that has shown promise in reducing seizure frequency in patients with focal seizures.</div><div>This study aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of Cenobamate in a clinical setting, providing insights into its impact on quality of life and its side effect profile.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, involving a cohort of 54 pharmaco-resistant epilepsy patients. Treatment durations ranged from 58 to 422 days (mean: 168.6 days), and doses ranged from 12.5 mg to 300 mg (mean: 146.1 mg). We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Cenobamate by assessing seizure reduction, side effects, and changes in various biochemical parameters. Data on electrolytes and emergency room visits before and after starting Cenobamate were analysed for 47 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cenobamate demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing seizures, with an average seizure reduction of 57.5 ± 41 %. Seizure freedom was achieved in 27.5 % of patients in the Intention to Treat (ITT) analysis and in 43.8 % of patients on doses greater than 200mg. 35 % of patients experienced side effects, including headache, dizziness, tiredness, sleep disturbances, and mood changes, with a discontinuation rate of 14.8 %. A significant reduction in average emergency room visits from 1.53 to 0.534 per year (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, -65.1 %) was noted. Creatinine levels (<em>p</em> = 0.0005, +6.5 %) as well as potassium levels (<em>p</em> = 0.0323, +5.6 %) increased mildly but significantly. A trend towards increased liver enzyme levels was also noted, suggesting further investigation is needed.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Cenobamate treatment in our cohort was associated with a significant reduction in emergency room visits, indicating its potential benefit in managing pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. However, it also resulted in a slight increase in potassium and a significant increase in creatinine levels, along with a trend towards increased liver enzyme levels. These findings suggest the need for further investigation into the long-term safety profile of Cenobamate. Limitations of our study include the cohort size, as well as some participants having short treatment durations, possibly contributing to misleading results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and motoric outcome of AI-assisted stroke rehabilitation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Tivano Antoni ,&nbsp;Benedictus Benedictus ,&nbsp;Stefanus Erdana Putra","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Stroke is the primary contributor to disability worldwide, causing a high economic burden due to its morbidity. Due to the application of artificial intelligence (AI), stroke rehabilitation has been revolutionized, resulting in significant improvement. Implementing AI also enables home-based care, thus helping stroke patients who generally have ambulatory difficulties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This research was a systematic review from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, including randomized controlled trials (RCT) published from 2009 to 2024. Meta-analysis included seven studies discussing the functional and motoric outcomes of AI-assisted stroke rehabilitation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six studies included post-stroke patients within 3 to 6 months after the stroke occurred. AI models used were varied, ranging from end-effector or exoskeleton robots to a combination of both and virtual reality (VR). Overall, the included studies had a low risk of bias. Standard mean differences (SMDs) of the Barthel Index and Motricity Index were 0.16 and 0.60. No significant difference between AI-assisted stroke rehabilitation and conventional stroke rehabilitation for both outcomes. Non-inferiority trials showed that the AI-assisted method was not inferior to the conventional method of stroke rehabilitation.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Considering its feasibility, personalization, and flexible rehabilitation program, AI-assisted was non-inferior to the conventional method. A comprehensive guideline is needed to facilitate its usage in clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AI-assisted stroke rehabilitation was not inferior to conventional stroke rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging biomarkers: a critical review of their role in neurological disease diagnosis and management","authors":"Nitu L. Wankhede ,&nbsp;Sushruta Koppula ,&nbsp;Payal D. Umare ,&nbsp;Mohit D. Umare ,&nbsp;Sanket K. Lokhande ,&nbsp;Brijesh G. Taksande ,&nbsp;Aman B. Upaganlawar ,&nbsp;Milind J. Umekar ,&nbsp;Spandana Rajendra Kopalli ,&nbsp;Mayur B. Kale","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imaging-based biomarkers (IBB)are indispensable in neurology, revealing crucial insights into structural, functional, and molecular changes associated with neurological disorders. Techniques such as MRI, PET, SPECT, and CT yield a diverse array of biomarkers including connectivity patterns, volumetric measurements, and molecular imaging agents. These biomarkers facilitate early diagnosis, disease progression tracking, therapy response prediction, and surgical planning, thereby playing pivotal roles in clinical management. However, integration of IBBs into routine clinical practice faces significant obstacles. Technical constraints, standardization challenges, ethical considerations, regulatory hurdles, and cost-effectiveness concerns all pose substantial barriers. Nevertheless, advancements in imaging technology hold promise in addressing these obstacles. High-resolution imaging, multimodal approaches, and artificial intelligence-based analysis show potential in improving the accuracy and reliability of imaging biomarkers. Despite the need for further research and standardization efforts, ongoing developments in imaging-based biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis, treatment, and management of neurological disorders. By overcoming current challenges and harnessing technological advancements, imaging-based biomarkers are well-positioned to improve our understanding and management of neurological disorders, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercapnia as a preventative therapeutic strategy: Unveiling the neuroprotective potential and mechanisms","authors":"K. Fazeli ,&nbsp;S.B. Jameie ,&nbsp;M. Farhadi","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypercapnia, an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream, has been historically considered purely a pathological condition. However, based on several publications evaluating the adverse outcome of certain conditions with an additional hypercapnia, It was discovered that hypercapnia can be also utilized as a therapeutic strategy. The most common of these strategies is permissive hypercapnia, which is described by inducing PaCO2 in inhalation while breathing under a mechanical ventilator in order to reduce secondary lung injuries. Subsequently, hypercapnia was also discovered as an effective anti-apoptotic and anti-ischemic agent while evaluated on neurons in vitro and rat models. As a result, hypercapnia has been utilized as an intervention in several clinical trials regarding different neurological conditions, most notably Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage. Mild levels of induced Hypercapnia is capable of preventing serious delayed vasospastic ischemic attacks and increases the overall cerebral blood flow which leads to significantly better outcomes in patients with severe acute neurological conditions. The anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective characteristics of CO2 suggest induced hypercapnia as a potential strategy for preventing more chronic neuropathological conditions. This article aims to review the publications surrounding the neuro-therapeutic effects of hypercapnia and discuss the advantages, drawbacks, and future of hypercapnia as an impactful strategy in preventing and treating neurological pathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"rTMS for enhancing cognitive reserve: A case report","authors":"Chiara Di Fazio ,&nbsp;Eugenio Scaliti ,&nbsp;Mario Stanziano ,&nbsp;Anna Nigri ,&nbsp;Greta Demichelis ,&nbsp;Marco Tamietto ,&nbsp;Sara Palermo","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms underlying brain ageing and age-related pathologies is crucial for addressing cognitive decline. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have gained prominence due to their ability to modulate neurophysiological, affective and cognitive brain functions. In this case study, we present a 61-year-old woman who suffered from mood disturbances, sleep disturbances, fatigue and cognitive decline. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was performed to evaluate mood, cognition and quality of life. The elderly woman underwent rTMS treatment targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region critical for executive functions and mood regulation. Significant improvements were observed in attention, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility, as evidenced by reductions in completion times on the Trail Making Test (TMT). In addition to clinical and cognitive outcomes, cortical excitability was assessed through motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) before and after the intervention. Modulation of MEPs amplitude was observed post-treatment, suggesting neurophysiological changes potentially linked to the normalization of cortical activity. Our findings suggest that rTMS may be a well-tolerated and potentially effective intervention for improving cognitive function and stabilizing mood in older adults experiencing age-related cognitive decline and mood disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency and cognitive impairment: A comprehensive review of neurological impact","authors":"Milind Umekar ,&nbsp;Tanvi Premchandani ,&nbsp;Amol Tatode ,&nbsp;Mohammad Qutub ,&nbsp;Neha Raut ,&nbsp;Jayshree Taksande ,&nbsp;Ujban Md. Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive impairment, a prevalent issue in aging populations, significantly affects quality of life and public health systems. Among various contributing factors, Vitamin B12 deficiency emerges as a critical yet modifiable risk factor, impacting neurological and cognitive health. Vitamin B12, an essential micronutrient derived from animal-based foods, is vital for myelin integrity, neurotransmitter synthesis, and homocysteine metabolism. Its deficiency disrupts these processes, leading to neurotoxic effects such as oxidative stress, vascular damage, and neurodegeneration, which exacerbate cognitive decline. This review combines evidence from human and animal studies on the neurocognitive impacts of Vitamin B12 deficiency and evaluates supplementation strategies. It underscores the multifactorial nature of B12 deficiency, driven by dietary inadequacies, physiological changes, and environmental factors, especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly and vegetarians. Proactive measures, including routine screening, dietary adjustments, and early supplementation, are essential to prevent deficiency-related cognitive impairments. Advancements in biomarkers and neuroimaging also promise improved diagnosis and intervention strategies, highlighting an interdisciplinary approach to optimizing cognitive health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binge eating disorder induced by venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine: A case report","authors":"Thales Pimenta de Figueiredo ,&nbsp;Débora Marques de Miranda ,&nbsp;Antônio Marcos Alvim-Soares Júnior ,&nbsp;Miss Ana Clara Silva Melo Franco","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report discusses an unmarried female in her middle-thirties with a history of Recurrent Depressive Disorder. After taking both venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine, she began to show symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder. To alleviate these symptoms, she discontinued the medications and switched to bupropion, which helped her overcome the eating-related issues. However, her depressive symptoms then returned. The report examines how serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors work, which may explain the observer phenomenon and clarify the eating behaviors in this case that might initially appear paradoxical. Moreover, it suggests clinicians close monitor outcomes when using such medications, as symptoms worsening might be an adverse effect rather than a disease progression. A diagrammatic timeline of the case report can be observed in <span><span>Fig. 1</span></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}