Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder identification: FMRI data analyzed with CNN and seed-based approach","authors":"Anika Siamin Oyshi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasan ,&nbsp;Md. Khabir Uddin Ahamed ,&nbsp;Md. Sydur Rahman ,&nbsp;Md. Mahfuzul Haque ,&nbsp;Mahmudul Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent mental disorder affecting both adults and children, frequently leading to academic difficulties. This study aims to improve the diagnosis of ADHD in children by using resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. The method use seed coherence to identify functional connections between specific seed areas and all brain voxels, focusing on Default Mode Network (DMN) regions pertinent to the diagnosis of ADHD. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are utilized in classification tasks because of their capacity to learn intricate spatial hierarchies. The research utilizes fMRI scans from the ADHD 200 - Global Competitive dataset, comprising 776 subjects from three prominent data centers. The methodology entails data preparation, feature extraction via seed-based correlation, and classification with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Three classifiers were assessed: a Neural Network (Keras Sequential Model), a Support Vector Machine (SVM), and a Random Forest Classifier. The optimal outcome was achieved by the neural network, which harmonized precision, recall, and F1 scores, attaining an accuracy of 97 %. The SVM demonstrated considerable accuracy at 83 %, however the Random Forest Classifier exhibited a mere 50 % accuracy, underscoring the necessity for enhancement. These results underscore the merits and shortcomings of each classifier and offer suggestions for enhancement. The paper highlights the significance of Neural Networks for attaining precise and equitable forecasts, proposes enhancements for the Support Vector Machine, and stresses the imperative of optimizing the Random Forest Classifier. This study enhances ADHD diagnosis by methodically employing neuroimaging techniques and assessing several classifiers, leading to a reliable diagnostic system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of maze solving on attention in children with epilepsy: A pre - post research","authors":"Gurleen Kaur Kalra ,&nbsp;Abhay Kapoor ,&nbsp;Meha Jain ,&nbsp;Arnab Ghorui ,&nbsp;Chandra Mohan Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Children with epilepsy often face cognitive challenges, including attention deficits. Brain disorders, such as epilepsy, inherently elevate the risk of cognitive impairments. This study explores the effectiveness of persistent maze-solving as an accessible intervention to enhance attention in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. 37 children aged 8–12 years were assessed using the Coding test, Children's Color Trail Test (CCTT-1 and CCTT-2), and variables influencing attention. A one-month maze-solving intervention was administered under parental supervision.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baseline assessment revealed varying levels of attention impairment in children with epilepsy. Negative and positive correlations were found between attention and factors such as screen time and age at the first seizure episode respectively. The maze-solving intervention yielded a significant improvement in Coding test scores (p&lt;0.01). Although CCTT-1 and CCTT-2 scores also improved, statistical significance was not achieved.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children with epilepsy frequently experience attention deficits, which can be influenced by factors other than the episode of seizure itself. Persistent maze-solving had a positive impact on attention, providing a feasible at-home intervention for these children. Further research with larger sample sizes and extended intervention durations is warranted to validate and expand upon these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute cerebellitis with a reversible splenial lesion in a pediatric patient with influenza","authors":"Yuki Kawashima ,&nbsp;Rui Aoyagi ,&nbsp;Yusa Nagai ,&nbsp;Masahiro Noda ,&nbsp;Kunihiro Oba ,&nbsp;Tatsuo Katori ,&nbsp;Masashi Ogasawara","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza cerebellitis is an extremely rare disease with limited understanding of its clinical course, treatment, and neurological outcomes. An 8-year-old girl presented with fever and was diagnosed with type A influenza. She later developed altered mental status on day three, leading to hospitalization on day four. Upon hospitalization, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed increased white blood cell counts and protein levels, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high-intensity signals at the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC), suggestive of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion. However, arterial spin labeling (ASL) revealed increased cerebellar blood flow, raising suspicion of acute cerebellitis. Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy was administered. Despite fever resolution, the patient's impaired consciousness persisted. MRI on day eight showed new lesions in the bilateral cerebellar hemisphere, white matter, and dentate nuclei instead of splenial lesion disappearance, suggesting acute cerebellitis. The patient received intravenous immunoglobulin G and repeated methylprednisolone pulse therapy, which led to gradual improvement. MRI on day 32 revealed lesion resolution. The patient was discharged with neurological sequelae (dysarthria and slight dysmetria), which improved completely after two months. This is the second reported pediatric case of influenza cerebellitis with a reversible SCC lesion, which presented with atypical neutrophilic pleocytosis on CSF analysis and unique findings on initial MRI. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of influenza cerebellitis. Repeat MRI, including ASL, should be considered in suspected cases of influenza-related encephalitis/encephalopathy. Further research is needed to establish optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies for influenza cerebellitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological screening of heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb in stress induced neurobehavioral changes in albino Wistar rat","authors":"Vrushali Dongare ,&nbsp;Swati Kolhe","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress can be brief and situational, serving as a positive motivator for performance. However, prolonged stress can lead to chronic stress, negatively impacting health and wellbeing. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of <em>Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.</em> on stress-induced neurobehavioral changes in albino Wistar rats. Locomotor activity, anxiety, and memory were assessed in offspring treated with <em>P. marsupium</em> (200, 300, 500 mg/kg) or diazepam from postnatal day 21, including control and stress-induced groups.</div><div>Results showed that treatment with <em>P. marsupium</em> at 500 mg/kg significantly enhanced locomotor activity compared to the stress-induced group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The elevated plus maze test showed a significant reduction in anxiety-related behaviors at 500 mg/kg of <em>P. marsupium</em>, with time spent in the open arms significantly increased (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) compared to stressed controls. This study highlighted its therapeutic potential, supported by DPPH assay-proven antioxidant activity, on stress-induced neurobehavioral changes in albino Wistar rats. Notably, the <em>P. marsupium</em> showed significant modulatory effects on stress hormones and oxidative stress. Cortisol levels were significantly suppressed in <em>P. marsupium</em> treated groups compared to the stress-induced group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and decreased the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the brain. These findings reveal the neuroprotective potential of <em>P. marsupium</em> against stress, suggesting its promise for future treatments for anxiety and depression, pending further research. This study contributes to the expanding knowledge of natural compounds for ameliorating complex neurobehavioral changes and highlights the necessity of multi-faceted approaches to address their intricate manifestation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tyrosine kinase as therapeutic target of neurodegenerative disorders","authors":"Dipanjan Karati ,&nbsp;Dileep Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classes of hereditary and sporadic illnesses known as neurodegenerative diseases are linked to gradual nervous system malfunction and neuronal death. Protein kinases are an increasingly popular class of pharmacological targets for disorders affecting peripheral tissues; nevertheless, developing kinase-targeted therapies for diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) is still difficult, mostly because of problems related to CNS drug discovery. A class of membrane-bound receptors known as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consists of an intracellular catalytic domain, a transmembrane domain, and an extracellular ligand-binding domain. RTKs are essential for many diverse biological functions, such as motility, growth, differentiation, and metabolism. The deregulation of RTK activity aids the development of several neurodegenerative diseases. The research found that in neurological diseases, changes were made to the vascular endothelial growth factor-B TAM receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase, and epidermal growth factor receptor 1. Furthermore, it is shown that two important routes for neurite expansion and neuronal survival triggered by RTKs are the Wnt/catenin and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways. PTKs, such as non-receptor tyrosine kinases, are also important for neuronal function and the development of neurodegeneration. When aberrantly produced or activated, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Abelson kinase) c-Abl seems to have a role in both the normal development of brain tissue and the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases. The function of both RTKs and PTKs in neurodegenerative illnesses is described in this study, with special attention to their signaling pathways and prospects for treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long-term effects of gold nanoparticles as gene vectors in a 6 hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonian rat model","authors":"Siobhan van der Vyver,&nbsp;Musa V. Mabandla,&nbsp;Zama N.P. Msibi","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology is a growing field that has widely documented the surface binding capabilities of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This makes them potentially useful gene vectors for the transfer of defective enzymes in Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in neuroinflammation and neuronal cell destruction. We investigated the long-term effects of AuNPs in the striatum of a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced parkinsonian rat model. AuNP-conjugated transgene constructs (AuNP-DNA) of human aromatic acid decarboxylase (<em>AADC</em>) mixed with GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (<em>GCH1</em>) (1:1) was stereotaxically delivered to the striatum of either saline or 6-ODHA-lesioned Sprague Dawley rats. Long-term effects of AuNP-mediated gene therapy were evaluated on behavior, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β expression, morphology of striatal microglia, dopamine biosynthesis and transgene expression. The 6-OHDA-induced neurobehavioral deficits were mitigated in gene therapy groups. This finding was correlated with significantly improved dopamine biosynthesis, inhibition of long-term expression of IL-1β, and suppression of sustained microglial activation. Both human <em>AADC</em> and <em>GCH1</em> transgenes were differentially expressed in the groups that underwent gene therapy. This suggests a successful AuNP-mediated transgene expression in the striatum, allowing for effective uptake and transcription of <em>AADC</em> and <em>GCH1</em> for DA re-synthesis. Furthermore, an IL-1β- and microglial-mediated inflammatory response was attenuated, preventing or suppressing neuroinflammation that is implicated in PD pathology. Further studies detailing the mechanism of cellular uptake and transgene expression may be useful in determining the success of AuNPs as gene vectors in PD treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of preceding infections on the clinical presentation and prognosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A focus on post-COVID-19 GBS","authors":"Jaisingh Rajput ,&nbsp;Prajakta Rajput ,&nbsp;Elan Mohanty ,&nbsp;Gurpreet Kaur Saini","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims at comparing the results of GBS patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with those patients who have developed the condition due to other infections including Campylobacter and Zika virus. In all, 295 confirmed GBS cases following COVID-19 vaccination were evaluated and showed 93.2 % of higher hospitalisation and substantial respiratory involvement, suggesting that COVID-19 vaccinated GBS course is more severe than GBS with other infections. Although the GBS development in Campylobacter-associated cases is considered to reveal less severe symptoms and more favourable prognosis after IVIG or plasmapheresis application, only 62 percent of COVID-19-associated GBS patients demonstrated the improvement, and long-term comorbidity is more expressive. The study also emphasizes that early symptoms and its severity are the key components for establishing the prognosis of the disease; patients with higher initial symptom severity initially often experience longer stays in the hospital and statistically worse outcomes. Moreover, different immunity to pathogens, revealed by MAbs, are underlain by dissimilar prognosis depending on the cause of infection. Thus, these results emphasise the need for a highly tailored approach to clinical management of GBS patients that would involve attention to the infectious pathogen. More study is required to fine-tune medical approach and enhance people's well-being since pathogens change over the time. The findings of this scholarly work add to the current understanding of the diverse manifestations and characteristics of GBS and inform clinical practice regarding the post-infectious neurological sequelae of the disease more broadly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposal of visual assessment of serotonergic deficits in parkinsonian syndromes: An 123I-FP-CIT SPECT study","authors":"Tomoko Totsune ,&nbsp;Toru Baba ,&nbsp;Yoko Sugimura ,&nbsp;Hideki Oizumi ,&nbsp;Hiroyasu Tanaka ,&nbsp;Toshiaki Takahashi ,&nbsp;Masaru Yoshioka ,&nbsp;Ken-ichi Nagamatsu ,&nbsp;Atsushi Takeda","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>¹²³I-FP-CIT, primarily used for imaging dopamine transporters in the nigrostriatal pathway, also shows some affinity for the serotonin transporter (SERT), which is predominantly distributed in the raphe nuclei in the brainstem. Recent imaging studies have demonstrated that compared with Parkinson's disease (PD), atypical parkinsonian syndromes (PS) exhibit pronounced SERT reduction using semiquantitative methods. However, the utility of qualitative visual assessment methods for SERT has been poorly discussed to date.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aims of this study were to propose a visual assessment grading system of brainstem ¹²³I-FP-CIT uptake and investigate the ability of this method to differentiate PD from PS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the imaging data of 97 parkinsonian patients who underwent ¹²³I-FP-CIT SPECT. First, we graded ¹²³I-FP-CIT uptake in the midbrain and pons with a 4-degree scale and analyzed the interrater agreement of our grading method. Next, we compared the visual grading data of the PD (<em>n</em> = 59) and PS (<em>n</em> = 11) groups and analyzed the diagnostic utility of the qualitative visual assessment method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The interrater agreement of the visual grading of ¹²³I-FP-CIT uptake among the three raters was moderate (Fleiss’ Kappa 0.480 for midbrain, 0.488 for pons). The patterns of ¹²³I-FP-CIT uptake in the pons differed significantly between patients with PD and PS (<em>p</em> = 0.035). The visual assessment-based classification showed 81.8 % sensitivity, 61.0 % specificity, 28.1 % positive predictive value, and 94.7 % negative predictive value in distinguishing PS from PD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Visual assessment of SERT abnormalities with ¹²³I-FP-CIT may contribute to differentiating PD and PS in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The significance of focal pattern in hypsarrhythmia","authors":"Anna Wiedemann,&nbsp;Birgit Stark,&nbsp;Gudrun Gröppel","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) presents a therapeutic challenge and is frequently associated with developmental delay. It is characterized by seizures and hypsarrhythmia on the EEG and has multiple etiologies that influence therapeutic decisions. Severity of hypsarrhythmia serves as an indicator for evaluating treatment efficacy. However, the correlation between clinical symptoms, EEG patterns, and cerebral lesions requires further investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen infants diagnosed with IESS underwent video-EEG monitoring and MRI. Hypsarrhythmia severity was assessed using the Kramer et al. scoring system. Clinical semiology was evaluated for lateralizing features. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine correlations between EEG findings, clinical symptoms, and cerebral lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All infants exhibited hypsarrhythmia and 72.3 % presented with cerebral lesions, predominantly bilateral. Clinical symptoms frequently indicated lateralization, whereas EEG findings demonstrated lateralization in only 22.2 % of cases. No significant correlation was identified between hypsarrhythmia patterns and clinical symptoms or lesions. The severity of hypsarrhythmia was not a reliable predictor of the underlying etiology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study found no association between hypsarrhythmic patterns and focal semiology or lesions. Given the heterogeneity of IESS, individualized diagnostic approaches remain essential. While the hypsarrhythmia score enhances the comparability of EEG patterns, its utility in determining the underlying etiology appears to be limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive enhancing effect of an extract of Swertia chirata against memory impairment induced by aluminum chloride","authors":"Reena Deshmukh ,&nbsp;Manisha Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Anshita Shukla ,&nbsp;Umesh Patil ,&nbsp;Mukesh Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The most advanced type of neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), significantly reduces cognitive performance. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiological pathways of several neurodegenerative illnesses. Aluminum is one of the most potent neurotoxins known to cause oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders. Since there are currently few therapy options for AD, more alternatives are required. The current investigation aimed to assess the nootropic potential of <em>Swertia chirata</em> in rats.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Method</h3><div>AlCl3 (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used to induce amnesia, piracetam (500 mg/kg, p.o.) was employed as a standard, and an ethanolic extract of <em>Swertia chirata</em> (50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg) was utilized to assess nootropic activity. The Novel Object Recognition test and the elevated plus maze in AlCl3-induced amnesia models were used to evaluate the effects of medications on learning and memory in rats. This impairment is likely due to the increased vulnerability of brain cells to oxidative stress. Numerous studies have demonstrated that certain flavonoid antioxidants reduce oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Swertia chirata</em> ethanolic extract exhibited longer exploration times for unfamiliar objects compared to familiar ones. Additionally, the ethanolic extract demonstrated a reduction in transfer latency in the elevated plus maze (EPM) in the AlCl3-induced amnesia paradigm, indicating an improvement in cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In experimental models, the ethanolic extract of Swertia chirata significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) reversed AlCl3-induced amnesia and improved learning and memory. The study demonstrated the neuroprotective qualities of the extract. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may contribute to its potential in treating cognitive disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72447,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}