BME frontiers最新文献

{"title":"BME2.1: The Need for a Systems Approach to Addressing Race-Based Disparities in Health and Health Care.","authors":"Naomi C Chesler, Gilda A Barabino","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0023","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"4 ","pages":"0023"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10284143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organotypic Models for Functional Drug Testing of Human Cancers.","authors":"Yu Ling Huang, Lindsay K Dickerson, Heidi Kenerson, Xiuyun Jiang, Venu Pillarisetty, Qiang Tian, Leroy Hood, Taranjit S Gujral, Raymond S Yeung","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0022","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the era of personalized oncology, there have been accelerated efforts to develop clinically relevant platforms to test drug sensitivities of individual cancers. An ideal assay will serve as a diagnostic companion to inform the oncologist of the various treatments that are sensitive and insensitive, thus improving outcome while minimizing unnecessary toxicities and costs. To date, no such platform exists for clinical use, but promising approaches are on the horizon that take advantage of improved techniques in creating human cancer models that encompass the entire tumor microenvironment, alongside technologies for assessing and analyzing tumor response. This review summarizes a number of current strategies that make use of intact human cancer tissues as organotypic cultures in drug sensitivity testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"4 ","pages":"0022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10275620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoantidotes: A Detoxification System More Applicable to Clinical Practice.","authors":"Jiazhen Yang,&nbsp;Jianxun Ding","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0020","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"2023 ","pages":"0020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10194365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Peptidomics: Advances in Instrumentation, Analyses, and Applications.","authors":"Lin Li, Jing Wu, Christopher J Lyon, Li Jiang, Tony Y Hu","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0019","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive effort has been devoted to the discovery, development, and validation of biomarkers for early disease diagnosis and prognosis as well as rapid evaluation of the response to therapeutic interventions. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling are well-established means to identify disease-associated biomarkers. However, analysis of disease-associated peptidomes can also identify novel peptide biomarkers or signatures that provide sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic information for specific malignant, chronic, and infectious diseases. Growing evidence also suggests that peptidomic changes in liquid biopsies may more effectively detect changes in disease pathophysiology than other molecular methods. Knowledge gained from peptide-based diagnostic, therapeutic, and imaging approaches has led to promising new theranostic applications that can increase their bioavailability in target tissues at reduced doses to decrease side effects and improve treatment responses. However, despite major advances, multiple factors can still affect the utility of peptidomic data. This review summarizes several remaining challenges that affect peptide biomarker discovery and their use as diagnostics, with a focus on technological advances that can improve the detection, identification, and monitoring of peptide biomarkers for personalized medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"4 ","pages":"0019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials for Fighting Multidrug-Resistant Biofilm Infections.","authors":"Vincent M Rotello","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0017","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections represent a dire threat to global health. The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria coupled with the lack of development of new antibiotics is creating infections requiring antibiotics of last resort, and even some infections for which we have no available treatment. Biofilm-based infections present some of the most challenging targets for treatment. The biofilm matrix provides a physical barrier that can impede access of antibiotics and antimicrobials to resident bacteria. The phenotypic diversity found in biofilms further exacerbates the difficulty of eliminating infections, with quiescent \"persister\" cells evading therapeutics and re-initiating infections after treatment. Nanomaterials provide a tool for combatting these refractory biofilm infections. The distinctive size regime and physical properties of nanomaterials provide them with the capability to penetrate and disrupt biofilms. Nanomaterials can also access antimicrobial pathways inaccessible to conventional antimicrobials, providing a synergistic strategy for treating biofilm infections. This review will summarize key challenges presented by antibiotic resistance and biofilms when treating infection and provide selected examples of how nanomaterials are being used to address these challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"4 ","pages":"0017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Strategies for Cellular Nanosponges as Medical Countermeasures.","authors":"Shuyan Wang,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Mingxuan Kai,&nbsp;Wei-Ting Shen,&nbsp;Lei Sun,&nbsp;Weiwei Gao,&nbsp;Liangfang Zhang","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmef.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interest in using therapeutic nanoparticles to bind with harmful molecules or pathogens and subsequently neutralize their bioactivity has grown tremendously. Among various nanomedicine platforms, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, namely, \"cellular nanosponges,\" stand out for their broad-spectrum neutralization capability challenging to achieve in traditional countermeasure technologies. Such ability is attributable to their cellular function-based rather than target structure-based working principle. Integrating cellular nanosponges with various synthetic substrates further makes their applications exceptionally versatile and adaptive. This review discusses the latest cellular nanosponge technology focusing on how the structure-function relationship in different designs has led to versatile and potent medical countermeasures. Four design strategies are discussed, including harnessing native cell membrane functions for biological neutralization, functionalizing cell membrane coatings to enhance neutralization capabilities, combining cell membranes and functional cores for multimodal neutralization, and integrating cellular nanosponges with hydrogels for localized applications. Examples in each design strategy are selected, and the discussion is to highlight their structure-function relationships in complex disease settings. The review may inspire additional design strategies for cellular nanosponges and fulfill even broader medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"4 ","pages":"0018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle Targeting with Antibodies in the Central Nervous System.","authors":"Ju Hyun Lee, Dana V Chapman, W Mark Saltzman","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0012","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatments for disease in the central nervous system (CNS) are limited because of difficulties in agent penetration through the blood-brain barrier, achieving optimal dosing, and mitigating off-target effects. The prospect of precision medicine in CNS treatment suggests an opportunity for therapeutic nanotechnology, which offers tunability and adaptability to address specific diseases as well as targetability when combined with antibodies (Abs). Here, we review the strategies to attach Abs to nanoparticles (NPs), including conventional approaches of chemisorption and physisorption as well as attempts to combine irreversible Ab immobilization with controlled orientation. We also summarize trends that have been observed through studies of systemically delivered Ab-NP conjugates in animals. Finally, we discuss the future outlook for Ab-NPs to deliver therapeutics into the CNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"4 ","pages":"0012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10085254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to \"A Low-Cost High-Performance Data Augmentation for Deep Learning-Based Skin Lesion Classification\".","authors":"Shuwei Shen, Mengjuan Xu, Fan Zhang, Pengfei Shao, Honghong Liu, Liang Xu, Chi Zhang, Peng Liu, Peng Yao, Ronald X Xu","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0011","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34133/2022/9765307.].</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"4 ","pages":"0011"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles of Nanoparticle Delivery to Solid Tumors.","authors":"Warren C W Chan","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0016","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effective treatment of patients with cancer hinges on the delivery of therapeutics to a tumor site. Nanoparticles provide an essential transport system. We present 5 principles to consider when designing nanoparticles for cancer targeting: (a) Nanoparticles acquire biological identity in vivo, (b) organs compete for nanoparticles in circulation, (c) nanoparticles must enter solid tumors to target tumor components, (d) nanoparticles must navigate the tumor microenvironment for cellular or organelle targeting, and (e) size, shape, surface chemistry, and other physicochemical properties of nanoparticles influence their transport process to the target. This review article describes these principles and their application for engineering nanoparticle delivery systems to carry therapeutics to tumors or other disease targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"4 ","pages":"0016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10085247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Leaking-Proof Theranostic Nanoplatform for Tumor-Targeted and Dual-Modality Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Duo Jin,&nbsp;Yang Zhu,&nbsp;Manman Liu,&nbsp;Wenxin Yu,&nbsp;Jiaji Yu,&nbsp;Xinwei Zheng,&nbsp;Lulu Wang,&nbsp;Yun Wu,&nbsp;Kaiju Wei,&nbsp;Junjie Cheng,&nbsp;Yangzhong Liu","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0015","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: A protein-based leaking-proof theranostic nanoplatform for dual-modality imaging-guided tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been designed. <i>Impact Statement</i>: A site-specific conjugation of chlorin e6 (Ce6) to ferrimagnetic ferritin (MFtn-Ce6) has been constructed to address the challenge of unexpected leakage that often occurs during small-molecule drug delivery. <i>Introduction</i>: PDT is one of the most promising approaches for tumor treatment, while a delivery system is typically required for hydrophobic photosensitizers. However, the nonspecific distribution and leakage of photosensitizers could lead to insufficient drug accumulation in tumor sites. <i>Methods</i>: An engineered ferritin was generated for site-specific conjugation of Ce6 to obtain a leaking-proof delivery system, and a ferrimagnetic core was biomineralized in the cavity of ferritin, resulting in a fluorescent ferrimagnetic ferritin nanoplatform (MFtn-Ce6). The distribution and tumor targeting of MFtn-Ce6 can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI). <i>Results</i>: MFtn-Ce6 showed effective dual-modality MRI and FLI. A prolonged in vivo circulation and increased tumor accumulation and retention of photosensitizer was observed. The time-dependent distribution of MFtn-Ce6 can be precisely tracked in real time to find the optimal time window for PDT treatment. The colocalization of ferritin and the iron oxide core confirms the high stability of the nanoplatform in vivo. The results showed that mice treated with MFtn-Ce6 exhibited marked tumor-suppressive activity after laser irradiation. <i>Conclusion</i>: The ferritin-based leaking-proof nanoplatform can be used for the efficient delivery of the photosensitizer to achieve an enhanced therapeutic effect. This method established a general approach for the dual-modality imaging-guided tumor delivery of PDT agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"4 ","pages":"0015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10085250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}