BME frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Beyond Strength: Toughening Bioactive Ceramics for Functional Bone Repair.","authors":"Xiao Han, Song Chen, Bin Li","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0316","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0316"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise Manipulation of Bubble Cavitation and Blood-Brain Barrier Modulation using Temporal Interference Ultrasound.","authors":"Jie Jin, Zhenxiang Ji, Zhetao Shangguan, Tianyi Yan, Shengyou Qian, Dingjie Suo","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0323","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To determine whether temporal interference (TI) ultrasound can enhance microbubble (MB) cavitation and provide transient modulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. <b>Impact Statement:</b> By integrating a time-dependent multiphysics MB-vessel model with in vivo validation, this study links TI-enhanced cavitation dynamics to vessel-wall mechanical responses and a transient BBB permeability window, providing a mechanistic basis for pressure-efficient ultrasound-mediated brain delivery. <b>Introduction:</b> Focused ultrasound combined with MBs can transiently increase BBB permeability, but reliable control of cavitation intensity and post-sonication barrier recovery remains a key challenge for safe and effective brain delivery. <b>Methods:</b> A fluid-solid coupled MB-vessel model was used to evaluate MB dynamics, vessel-wall normal and shear stresses, porosity, acoustic-pressure dependence, and the influence of non-Newtonian blood rheology under 1.0 MHz single-frequency and 1.0 + 0.8 MHz TI excitation. In vivo Evans blue experiments in mice were then used to compare BBB opening across pressure levels and to characterize the recovery profile from 0.5 to 12 h after 0.3-MPa TI sonication. <b>Results:</b> Ultrasound-driven MB oscillation and collapse increased vessel-wall stress and modeled porosity. Compared with single-frequency ultrasound, TI excitation promoted earlier MB instability and collapse and produced stronger vessel-wall mechanical responses under energy-equivalent acoustic exposure conditions. In vivo, Evans blue extravasation increased with the reference pressure amplitude and showed higher mean values following TI ultrasound, with a significant between-mode difference at 0.5 MPa. After 0.3-MPa TI sonication, extravasation progressively decreased from 0.5 to 12 h, consistent with a transient BBB permeability increase. Non-Newtonian rheology altered the local shear environment but had limited effects on peak normal stress and porosity within the simulated time window. <b>Conclusion:</b> TI ultrasound enhances MB-mediated BBB opening under energy-normalized acoustic exposure conditions while producing a time-limited increase in permeability, supporting its further development for temporally controlled brain delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0323"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biomimetic Scaffold for Single-Stage Reconstruction of Load-Bearing Segmental Bone Defects.","authors":"Jianzhong Bai, Dachuan Liu, Jiaying Li, Huan Wang, Guoping Liu, Youzhi Hong, Wenyu Duan, Jiaxu Shi, Hongtao Zhang, Bin Li, Jing Qu, Song Chen","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0321","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to develop a single-stage biomimetic scaffold that recapitulates hierarchical bone microenvironments for the repair of critical-sized segmental bone defects. <b>Impact Statement:</b> This scaffold integrates structural support and biological cues, eliminating secondary surgery and enabling load-bearing repair, thus advancing clinical translation. <b>Introduction:</b> The current Masquelet technique uses nondegradable spacers requiring 2 surgeries. A degradable scaffold with regenerative capacity could overcome this limitation. <b>Methods:</b> A porous brushite framework was combined with decellularized periosteal matrix and decellularized bone matrix to mimic periosteal, cortical, and medullary niches. In vitro bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) assays and an in vivo rat femoral critical-sized defect model assessed osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and biomechanics. <b>Results:</b> The scaffold enhanced BMSC adhesion, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities in vitro. In vivo, it promoted complete defect bridging, vascularized bone formation, direct integration, and biomechanical restoration. Histology revealed progressive scaffold replacement via accelerated endochondral ossification. <b>Conclusion:</b> This biomimetic scaffold effectively coordinates vascularization and bone regeneration, achieving functional single-stage repair of load-bearing segmental defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0321"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Signal Quality to Representation Stability in Textile Bioelectronic Interfaces.","authors":"Li Guo","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0325","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Textile bioelectronic interfaces are emerging as wearable platforms for continuous physiological sensing, rehabilitation, and human-machine interaction. By integrating functional materials into textiles, electrodes and sensors can become part of the garment itself, forming a deformable interface with the body. Using surface electromyography (sEMG) acquired through textile-integrated electrodes as an illustrative case, this perspective argues that measured sEMG signals are shaped not only by muscle electrical activity but also by the deformable body-textile-electrode interface, whose state may change during use. Current evaluation of textile bioelectronic interfaces is often output centered, focusing on signal quality and downstream performance, which are necessary but insufficient for assessing whether measured signal patterns remain stable and reliable outside controlled conditions. This perspective proposes representation stability as a complementary evaluation criterion within an interface-centered framework. Representation stability asks whether measured signal patterns remain comparable as the physical sensing interface changes during real use. Within this framework, interface conditions become explicit test variables, with representation stability assessed using pre-specified criteria. Introducing representation stability extends evaluation from an output-centered toward an interface-centered paradigm. This could provide a more systematic basis for understanding, comparing, and ultimately designing textile bioelectronic interfaces that remain reliable under real-use variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0325"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Trustworthy Diabetes Technologies: A Dynamic Platform for Safety and Security Evaluation.","authors":"Anna R Bird, Vivek Mohan, Kexin Wei, Zong Cao, Shi Hoe Ng, Manasvi M Mulay, Viktor Schlegel, Miro G Moffett, James E Moore, Chip-Hong Chang, Nick Oliver, Anil A Bharath","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmef.0317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the cybersecurity of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, a platform was developed, integrating continuous glucose monitors, fluidic systems, insulin controllers, and wireless communication pathways with virtual subjects. <b>Impact Statement:</b> This study provides evidence that AID systems that are vulnerable to cyberattacks pose substantial risk to patient safety. This underscores the need for improved regulation and design of personal, wearable medical devices, through cyberphysiological system modeling. <b>Introduction:</b> AID systems depend on continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) as their primary sensing input, making evaluation of the accuracy, robustness, and security of these sensors essential for safe diabetes management. However, there are limited assessment tools that preserve the communication and timing paths of CGM sensors within an AID system. <b>Methods:</b> We present a modular hardware-in-the-loop platform that reproduces physiological glucose dynamics, bridging the gap between simulation and clinical validation. The system integrates programmable peristaltic pumps, 3D-printed flow cells, glucose sensors, and a real-time virtual subject simulator. <b>Results:</b> The platform generates reproducible glucose trajectories and supports closed-loop operation through integration with an open-source insulin controller. A false data injection attack scenario on the glucose sensor led to an increase in insulin dosage delivered by the control algorithm relative to baseline. If undetected, this could result in a life-threatening condition. <b>Conclusion:</b> The platform enables system-level cybersecurity assessment of AID under dynamic operating conditions and highlights safety-security interdependencies in closed-loop medical therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0317"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Angular Gyrus 810-nm Transcranial Near-Infrared Stimulation Reshapes Brain Network: Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease Cognitive Deficits.","authors":"Xiaowei Ma, Fangyuan Yan, Zhanxu Liu, Sha He, Li Liu, Jiayi Liang, Mengwei Yuan, Shuaixiang Wang, Shuo Qu, Songqi Yang, Yan Gao, Huiqing Qiu, Yang Li, Chris Yang, Yiming Li, Ting Li, Yuping Wang","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0313","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the clinical efficacy and neural mechanisms of targeted 810-nm transcranial near-infrared stimulation (tNIRS) over the bilateral angular gyrus in Alzheimer's disease (AD). <b>Impact Statement:</b> We provide the first clinical evidence that targeted tNIRS ameliorates AD cognitive deficits by dynamically reconfiguring large-scale brain networks, establishing a precise, mechanistic neuromodulation strategy. <b>Introduction:</b> While tNIRS shows potential for AD, conventional whole-brain irradiation lacks anatomical precision and yields inconsistent outcomes. Resolving these elusive network-level mechanisms requires targeted stimulation paradigms. <b>Methods:</b> In a randomized, sham-controlled trial, 36 biomarker-confirmed AD patients received 810-nm tNIRS targeted at the bilateral angular gyrus or sham stimulation (20 min/side daily, 15 d). Baseline and post-intervention neuropsychological assessments, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) were utilized to decode cognitive improvements and network dynamics. <b>Results:</b> Targeted tNIRS obviously improved cognition, memory, language, attention, and executive functions while reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms. fMRI revealed enhanced intra-network connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and promoted functional synergy between the DMN, dorsal attention, frontoparietal, and limbic networks. TMS-EEG demonstrated enhanced information flow and dynamic nodal reconfiguration, specifically boosting prefrontal and temporo-occipital activation. <b>Conclusion:</b> Bilateral angular gyrus targeted tNIRS may effectively mitigate AD cognitive impairment potentially through modulation of functional connectivity and adaptively reconfiguring higher-order cognitive networks, serving as a highly promising clinical neuromodulation therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0313"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13594423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149027095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Point-Cloud Learning for Patient-Specific Deep Brain Stimulation Motor Response Prediction in Parkinson Disease.","authors":"Kaiming Liu, Yinghao Zhu, Ru Wang, Zihao Liu, Gongyi Zhu, Zice Wang, Minyan Ge, Bo Shen, Yimin Sun, Fengtao Liu, Jue Zhao, Narasimha M Beeraka, Virak Sorn, Haiyin Wang, Vladimir N Nikolenko, Jianjun Wu, Shumao Xu","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0276","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To develop a patient-specific 3-dimensional (3D) point-cloud deep learning framework for predicting motor improvement after deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease. <b>Impact Statement:</b> This study introduces an electric-field-aware point-cloud representation that preserves patient anatomy, electrode geometry, and local electric-field distributions for individualized DBS motor response prediction. <b>Introduction:</b> DBS response varies because of complex interactions among electrode location, anatomy, stimulation parameters, and electric field propagation. Existing volume-of-tissue-activated-, atlas-, sweet-spot-, stimulation-map-, connectomic-, and feature-engineered approaches have advanced outcome modeling, but many compress these interactions into thresholded volumes, voxel grids, or global summary features. <b>Methods:</b> We integrated preoperative MRI, postoperative computed tomography, electrode reconstruction, tissue conductivity, and finite element electric field simulations into patient-specific 3D point clouds. The screening database contained 561 stimulation records corresponding to 116 initially eligible patients. After exclusion of 37 patients with incomplete or unusable imaging, stimulation, outcome, registration, reconstruction, or point-cloud data, 79 independent patients formed the modeling cohort; one stimulation-outcome record was retained per patient. Patient-specific source point clouds were generated and subsequently downsampled for network processing. <b>Results:</b> On the original fixed test set, PointNet++ produced 15 of 24 predictions within ±5 Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) points (62.5%), while the voxelized convolutional neural network produced 8 of 24 (33.3%). Anatomical and stimulation features showed modest predictive value individually, whereas target- and parameter-response analyses revealed substantial interindividual heterogeneity. Given the small test set, these fixed split estimates do not support claims of generalization, superiority, or clinical utility. <b>Conclusion:</b> By preserving irregular electrode-tissue geometry and spatially resolved electric field information, the framework provides a spatially faithful basis for individualized DBS motor response prediction and future comparison of candidate stimulation settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0276"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13594421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149027119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Brain-Computer Interfaces for Transcranial Closed-Loop Neuromodulation.","authors":"Chuhao Yin, Juan Tu","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0312","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noninvasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have advanced communication, assistive control, and neurorehabilitation, but most remain readout-oriented systems with limited capacity for deep targeting, focal intervention, and response-guided modulation. Ultrasound offers a distinct route to brain interfacing: functional ultrasound imaging provides spatially localized hemodynamic readout, although current human task-related evidence relies on surgically enabled acoustic access; transcranial focused ultrasound enables noninvasive modulation of cortical and subcortical circuits. We define an ultrasound BCI as a system that converts measured brain activity into a functionally useful output, with ultrasound providing readout, state-contingent write-in, or both; in the closed-loop framework considered here, response assessment updates or constrains subsequent modulation. This Perspective argues that ultrasound BCI should be viewed not as a replacement for established BCIs, but as a transcranial closed-loop acoustic neuromodulation platform. We clarify its boundaries, compare current evidence maturity, and outline translational routes for neurorehabilitation, abnormal brain-state intervention, and deep-brain neurofeedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0312"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13583128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De Novo Design Strategies of Nanomedicines for Diabetic Wound Microenvironment Remodeling.","authors":"Junyi Zhang, Shuo Li, Nina Liu, Zhenyu Wu, Gang Liu, Chao Liu","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmef.0309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic wounds are arrested by a hostile microenvironment of hyperglycemia, inflammation, infection, and hypoxia. Nanomaterials offer solutions, yet existing reviews lack a systematic framework linking their actions to the interconnected pathological network. Here, we present a pathology network-guided analysis. We delineate how engineered nanosystems from metal-based antimicrobials to glucose-responsive nanoreactors and extracellular vesicles can intercept multiple drivers, including advanced glycation end-products, oxidative stress, biofilms, and immune dysregulation. Critically, we propose a temporally phased roadmap that prioritizes neutralization of upstream drivers (hyperglycemia and biofilms) before downstream interventions (reactive oxygen species scavenging, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis), avoiding premature single-target therapy. Beyond efficacy, we critically address design trade-offs: we examine the evidence for metal nanomaterial selectivity toward bacteria versus stressed host cells, confront bacterial adaptive resistance (efflux pumps and biofilm reinforcement), and scrutinize the trade-off, manufacturing scalability, long-term biosafety, and regulatory ambiguities. By integrating mechanistic insights with clinical scalability and regulatory feasibility, we provide a conceptual framework to guide the rational design of next-generation nanomedicines that prioritize genuine synergy over redundant integration, and outline a roadmap for translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0309"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four-Dimensional Sequential Elastography for Ocular Tissue Using 2D Matrix Array.","authors":"Xin Sun, Yushun Zeng, Matthew Xinhu Ren, Xiaoyang Yu, Chi-Feng Chang, Xunan Liu, Junhang Zhang, Ying Liu, Bo Wang, Yaoheng Yang, Brian J Song, Martin Heur, Mark S Humayun, Qifa Zhou","doi":"10.34133/bmef.0307","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmef.0307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aims to facilitate a sequential excitation 4-dimensional (4D) ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) method for volumetric characterization of mechanical properties of ocular tissue using a 2D matrix array with a standard 256-channel ultrasound system. <b>Impact Statement:</b> Sequential elastography (SE) enables cost-effective 4D volumetric elastography without requiring an equal channel-count system. The swept-cross strategy improves volumetric imaging quality and, for the first time, enables 4D SWE-based differentiation of tissue anisotropy, with in vivo ocular applications. <b>Introduction:</b> Volumetric SWE remains challenging because of the limited channel counts of the acquisition system. <b>Methods:</b> SE applies a 32 × 32 matrix array and divides it into four 8 × 32 subpanels, connected with a Vantage 256 system through 4-1 multiplexing. An optimized sequential excitation and swept-cross compounding method is used to reduce the interpanel gap influence and improve elevational performance. <b>Results:</b> Validated using wire targets, point target, ex vivo chicken breast, and in vivo rabbit cornea, SE improved volumetric imaging performance compared with conventional subpanel compounding. It improved the elevational resolution from 0.84 mm to 0.35 mm at 10-mm depth and the 3D point spread function from 1 × 2.1 × 4.7 <i>λ</i> ³ to 1 × 2.2 × 2.1 <i>λ</i> ³. In chicken breast, it differentiated tissue anisotropy and estimated muscle fiber direction. In rabbit cornea, it enabled volumetric shear wave velocity mapping. <b>Conclusion:</b> SE enables 4D shear wave elastography and provides a promising approach for volumetric assessment of tissue biomechanics, anisotropy, and ocular stiffness.</p>","PeriodicalId":72430,"journal":{"name":"BME frontiers","volume":"7 ","pages":"0307"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}