Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2163091
Sydney E. Cason, Saurabh S. Mogre, Elena F. Koslover, E. Holzbaur
{"title":"Neuronal Autophagy by the Numbers","authors":"Sydney E. Cason, Saurabh S. Mogre, Elena F. Koslover, E. Holzbaur","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2022.2163091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2022.2163091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47769787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2164089
Anne Kristin McLaren Berge, Juncal Garcia-Garcia, E. Sjøttem, Hallvard Lauritz Olsvik
{"title":"The ubiquitin E3 ligase TRIM27 emerges as a new player in mitophagy","authors":"Anne Kristin McLaren Berge, Juncal Garcia-Garcia, E. Sjøttem, Hallvard Lauritz Olsvik","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2022.2164089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2022.2164089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47284843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2166722
Ron Benyair, Sai Srinivas Panapakkam Giridharan, Pilar Rivero-Ríos, Junya Hasegawa, Emily Bristow, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, Merav D Shmueli, Vered Fishbain-Yoskovitz, Yifat Merbl, Lisa M Sharkey, Henry L Paulson, Phyllis I Hanson, Samarjit Patnaik, Ismael Al-Ramahi, Juan Botas, Juan Marugan, Lois S Weisman
{"title":"Upregulation of the ESCRT pathway and multivesicular bodies accelerates degradation of proteins associated with neurodegeneration.","authors":"Ron Benyair, Sai Srinivas Panapakkam Giridharan, Pilar Rivero-Ríos, Junya Hasegawa, Emily Bristow, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, Merav D Shmueli, Vered Fishbain-Yoskovitz, Yifat Merbl, Lisa M Sharkey, Henry L Paulson, Phyllis I Hanson, Samarjit Patnaik, Ismael Al-Ramahi, Juan Botas, Juan Marugan, Lois S Weisman","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2166722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2023.2166722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), occur due to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins, which results in neuronal death. Studies in animal and cell models show that reducing the levels of these proteins mitigates disease phenotypes. We previously reported a small molecule, NCT-504, which reduces cellular levels of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in patient fibroblasts as well as mouse striatal and cortical neurons from an Hdh<sup>Q111</sup> mutant mouse. Here, we show that NCT-504 has a broader potential, and in addition reduces levels of Tau, a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease, as well as other tauopathies. We find that in untreated cells, Tau and mHTT are degraded via autophagy. Notably, treatment with NCT-504 diverts these proteins to multivesicular bodies (MVB) and the ESCRT pathway. Specifically, NCT-504 causes a proliferation of endolysosomal organelles including MVB, and an enhanced association of mHTT and Tau with endosomes and MVB. Importantly, depletion of proteins that act late in the ESCRT pathway blocked NCT-504 dependent degradation of Tau. Moreover, NCT-504-mediated degradation of Tau occurred in cells where Atg7 is depleted, which indicates that this pathway is independent of canonical autophagy. Together, these studies reveal that upregulation of traffic through an ESCRT-dependent MVB pathway may provide a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10101321/pdf/nihms-1884781.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9328582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2213541
Damián Lobato-Márquez, José Javier Conesa, Ana Teresa López-Jiménez, Michael E Divine, Jonathan N Pruneda, Serge Mostowy
{"title":"Interplay between septins and ubiquitin-mediated xenophagy during <i>Shigella</i> entrapment.","authors":"Damián Lobato-Márquez, José Javier Conesa, Ana Teresa López-Jiménez, Michael E Divine, Jonathan N Pruneda, Serge Mostowy","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2213541","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2213541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Septins are cytoskeletal proteins implicated in numerous cellular processes including cytokinesis and morphogenesis. In the case of infection by <i>Shigella flexneri</i>, septins assemble into cage-like structures that entrap cytosolic bacteria targeted by autophagy. The interplay between septin cage entrapment and bacterial autophagy is poorly understood. We used a correlative light and cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) pipeline to study septin cage entrapment of <i>Shigella</i> in its near-native state. Septin cages could be identified as X-ray dense structures, indicating they contain host cell proteins and lipids consistent with their autophagy links. Airyscan confocal microscopy of <i>Shigella</i>-septin cages showed that septins and lysine 63 (K63)-linked ubiquitin chains are present in separate bacterial microdomains, suggesting they are recruited separately. Finally, Cryo-SXT and live-cell imaging revealed an interaction between septins and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B)-positive membranes during autophagy of <i>Shigella</i>. Collectively our data present a new model for how septin-caged <i>Shigella</i> are targeted to autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10264059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9671939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2178996
Paloma B Liton, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia, Michael E Boulton, Patricia Boya, Thomas A Ferguson, Ian G Ganley, Anu Kauppinnen, Gordon W Laurie, Noboru Mizushima, Hideaki Morishita, Rossella Russo, Jaya Sadda, Rajalekshmy Shyam, Debasish Sinha, Debra A Thompson, David N Zacks
{"title":"AUTOPHAGY IN THE EYE: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOPHYSOLOGY.","authors":"Paloma B Liton, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia, Michael E Boulton, Patricia Boya, Thomas A Ferguson, Ian G Ganley, Anu Kauppinnen, Gordon W Laurie, Noboru Mizushima, Hideaki Morishita, Rossella Russo, Jaya Sadda, Rajalekshmy Shyam, Debasish Sinha, Debra A Thompson, David N Zacks","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2178996","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2178996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy is a catabolic self-degradative pathway that promotes the degradation and recycling of intracellular material through the lysosomal compartment. Although first believed to function in conditions of nutritional stress, autophagy is emerging as a critical cellular pathway, involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Autophagy dysregulation is associated with an increasing number of diseases, including ocular diseases. On one hand, mutations in autophagy-related genes have been linked to cataracts, glaucoma, and corneal dystrophy; on the other hand, alterations in autophagy and lysosomal pathways are a common finding in essentially all diseases of the eye. Moreover, LC3-associated phagocytosis, a form of non-canonical autophagy, is critical in promoting visual cycle function. This review collects the latest understanding of autophagy in the context of the eye. We will review and discuss the respective roles of autophagy in the physiology and/or pathophysiology of each of the ocular tissues, its diurnal/circadian variation, as well as its involvement in diseases of the eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10078619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9708880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2242054
Sheridan Mikhail, Scott A Soleimanpour
{"title":"Protein disorder in the regulatory control of mitophagy.","authors":"Sheridan Mikhail, Scott A Soleimanpour","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2242054","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2242054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitophagy is a central component of the mitochondrial quality control machinery, which is necessary for cellular viability and bioenergetics. The E3 ubiquitin ligase CLEC16A (C-type lectin domain containing 16A) forms a tripartite mitophagy regulatory complex together with the E3 ligase RNF41 (ring finger protein 41) and the ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP8 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 8), yet CLEC16A structural/functional domains relevant for mitophagy are unknown. We identify that CLEC16A contains an internal intrinsically disordered region (IDR), which is important for CLEC16A function and stability. IDRs are flexible domains lacking fixed secondary structure and regulate an emerging number of diverse processes, yet they have been largely unstudied in mitophagy. We observe that the internal CLEC16A IDR is essential for CLEC16A degradation and is bound by RNF41 to promote CLEC16A turnover. This IDR also promotes assembly of the CLEC16A-RNF41-USP8 mitophagy regulatory complex. Thus, our study revealed the importance of IDRs in mitophagy via the regulation of CLEC16A abundance by RNF41, opening new structural insights into mitochondrial quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10399515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10316274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transcriptional pausing factor M1BP regulates cellular homeostasis by suppressing autophagy and apoptosis in <i>Drosophila</i> eye.","authors":"Anuradha Venkatakrishnan Chimata, Hannah Darnell, Akanksha Raj, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2252307","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2252307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During organogenesis cellular homeostasis plays a crucial role in patterning and growth. The role of promoter proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II, which regulates transcription of several developmental genes by GAGA factor or Motif 1 Binding Protein (M1BP), has not been fully understood in cellular homeostasis. Earlier, we reported that M1BP, a functional homolog of ZKSCAN3, regulates wingless and caspase-dependent cell death (apoptosis) in the Drosophila eye. Further, blocking apoptosis does not fully rescue the M1BPRNAi phenotype of reduced eye. Therefore, we looked for other possible mechanism(s). In a forward genetic screen, members of the Jun-amino-terminal-(NH2)-Kinase (JNK) pathway were identified. Downregulation of M1BP ectopically induces JNK, a pro-death pathway known to activate both apoptosis and caspase-independent (autophagy) cell death. Activation of JNK pathway components can enhance M1BPRNAi phenotype and vice-versa. Downregulation of M1BP ectopically induced JNK signaling, which leads to apoptosis and autophagy. Apoptosis and autophagy are regulated independently by their genetic circuitry. Here, we found that blocking either apoptosis or autophagy alone rescues the reduced eye phenotype of M1BP downregulation; whereas, blocking both apoptosis and autophagy together significantly rescues the M1BP reduced eye phenotype to near wild-type in nearly 85% progeny. This data suggests that the cellular homeostasis response demonstrated by two independent cell death mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy, can be regulated by a common transcriptional pausing mechanism orchestrated by M1BP. Since these fundamental processes are conserved in higher organisms, this novel functional link between M1BP and regulation of both apoptosis and autophagy can be extrapolated to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41124334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2236407
Austin Folger, Chuan Chen, Marie-Helene Kabbaj, Karina Frey, Yanchang Wang
{"title":"Neurodegenerative disease-associated inclusion bodies are cleared by selective autophagy in budding yeast.","authors":"Austin Folger, Chuan Chen, Marie-Helene Kabbaj, Karina Frey, Yanchang Wang","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2236407","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2236407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein misfolding, aggregation, and accumulation cause neurodegenerative disorders. One such disorder, Huntington's disease, is caused by an increased number of glutamine-encoding trinucleotide repeats CAG in the first exon of the huntingtin (<i>HTT</i>) gene. Mutant proteins of Htt exon 1 with polyglutamine expansion are prone to aggregation and form pathological inclusion bodies in neurons. Extensive studies have shown that misfolded proteins are cleared by the ubiquitin-proteasome system or autophagy to alleviate their cytotoxicity. Misfolded proteins can form small soluble aggregates or large insoluble inclusion bodies. Previous works have elucidated the role of autophagy in the clearance of misfolded protein aggregates, but autophagic clearance of inclusion bodies remains poorly characterized. Here we use mutant Htt exon 1 with 103 polyglutamine (Htt103QP) as a model substrate to study the autophagic clearance of inclusion bodies in budding yeast. We found that the core autophagy-related proteins were required for Htt103QP inclusion body autophagy. Moreover, our evidence indicates that the autophagy of Htt103QP inclusion bodies is selective. Interestingly, Cue5/Tollip, a known autophagy receptor for aggrephagy, is dispensable for this inclusion body autophagy. From the known selective autophagy receptors in budding yeast, we identified three that are essential for inclusion body autophagy. Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ42) is a major component of amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer's disease brains. Interestingly, a similar selective autophagy pathway contributes to the clearance of Aβ42 inclusion bodies in budding yeast. Therefore, our results reveal a novel autophagic pathway specific for inclusion bodies associated with neurodegenerative diseases, which we have termed IBophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10482306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10577732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autophagy reportsPub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2260670
Yungui Guo, Erika R Geisbrecht
{"title":"Orchestration of autophagosome fusion by STRIPAK complex components in muscle tissue.","authors":"Yungui Guo, Erika R Geisbrecht","doi":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2260670","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27694127.2023.2260670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy is a central process responsible for the disposal of normal as well as damaged cellular proteins and organelles. Proper regulation of multiple steps - including initiation and the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes - is essential for the completion of cargo disposal. While the function of many proteins that mediate canonical autophagy has been characterized, the identification of new autophagy regulators may shed light on differences between tissues and/or responses to cellular stresses. In this punctum, we discuss our recent findings about how the Striatin-Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK)-NUAK-Starvin (Stv) complex coordinately regulates autophagy in the muscle tissue of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":72341,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy reports","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10552623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41163110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}