Annals of blood最新文献

{"title":"Granulocyte transfusion therapy","authors":"Y. Tanhehco","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43354815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next generation sequencing and blood group genotyping: a narrative review","authors":"A. Orzińska","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45455980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfusion of a platelet pool contaminated with exotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus: a case report","authors":"S. I. Chi, D. Kumaran, Michelle P. Zeller, S. Ramirez‐Arcos","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-38","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) has become a leading cause of transfusion-transmitted infections in recent years. S. aureus has been known to escape detection during routine PC screening with culture methods leading to septic transfusion reactions. This report describes a bacterial-associated transfusion event in an elderly patient diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia, who was transfused with a 5-day old buffy coat platelet pool. The transfusion was interrupted due to changes in the cardiorespiratory status of the patient, followed by septic shock symptoms including severe chest pain, shortness of breath, chills/rigors, nausea/vomiting, transient hypoxemia, and fever. The patient was successfully treated with analgesics and nitroglycerine spray. Cultures performed on the patient`s blood and the residual PC unit were positive for S. aureus. PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the S. aureus isolate produces the superantigen enterotoxin type G, which was detected in residual PC obtained after the transfusion event. In conclusion, microbiological analyses of patient’s blood samples and transfused PC reveal bacterial infection with severe post-transfusion symptoms due to S. aureus contamination. This is classified as a false-negative transfusion septic case as the implicated PC was negative for bacterial contamination during routine screening with automated culture. This report substantiates the increasing cases of S. aureus as a major PC contaminant with severe clinical consequences, and exposes the potential dangers associated with exotoxin-producing isolates.","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43183535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular genetic narrative review of the novel blood group systems KANNO, SID, CTL2, PEL, and MAM","authors":"G. Denomme","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41346848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfusion of blood products during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a narrative review of rationale, indications, impact on immune function and outcome","authors":"Antonio Siragusa, C. Forlini, Benedetta Fumagalli, S. Redaelli, Dario Winterton, G. Foti, M. Giani","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-32","url":null,"abstract":"The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support poses several risks, particularly thrombosis and bleeding. As a result, transfusion of blood components is frequent during extracorporeal support. In this review we aim to describe the rationale and indications of blood products transfusions, and their impact on the immune function and outcome. The red blood cells (RBC) transfusion threshold is very debated, because of awareness of transfusion-associated adverse events due to liberal strategies. To date, no specific recommendations exist but a comprehensive physiologic approach appears feasible to evaluate the need for RBC transfusion. For patients without bleeding, the guidelines of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) suggest fresh frozen plasma (FFP) administration if the prothrombin time (PT) ratio is higher than 1.5–2.0 and/or there is significant bleeding. Conversely, for bleeding patient indications often refer to trauma guidelines, where it is recommended to use a 1:1 ratio of RBC and FFP in massive transfusion situations. The indications for antithrombin supplementation are unknown and large inhomogeneity exists between different ECMO centers and between pediatric and adult patients. Supplementation of fibrinogen is considered only for bleeding patients and/or with fibrinogen level below 100 or 150 mg/dL. ELSO guidelines suggest 25–50 IU/kg of prothrombin complex concentrate as an alternative to FFP for patients with active bleeding and a prolonged PT. Recombinant activated factor VII might be a potential therapeutic option for intractable bleeding despite conventional treatment but may cause life-threatening thrombotic complications. Platelet transfusions might be limited to cases of severe thrombocytopenia accompanied by bleeding. ELSO guidelines recommend a target of at least 80×10/L platelets. Liberal platelets transfusion thresholds may be reasonable in case of intracranial hemorrhage. Albeit rare, multiple adverse events of blood products transfusion are described. There is no evidence of transfusion-related acute lung injury during ECMO support, likely because of the difficulty to distinguish the cause of clinical worsening in patients with severe respiratory failure. Infections represent a major contributor on morbidity and mortality in ECMO patients. However, as of today, no literature has explored the impact of transfusions on immune function of ECMO patients. Currently, there are no specific guidelines for transfusions in ECMO patients and the management is highly variable among centers. Further research is warranted on this topic.","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquired hemophilia A and deep vein thrombosis attributable to the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine—case report","authors":"P. Rani, O. Ogunleye, S. Ramineni, Uma Medapati, Dmitriy Berenzon","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-66","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune bleeding disorder that occurs in a sporadic, nonhereditary pattern. It is caused by circulating autoantibodies against clotting factor VIII that are triggered by several conditions. Moreover, AHA is clinically distinct from the inherited form of hemophilia A, with a different natural history and management approach, necessitating a high-index of suspicion in at-risk patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a multisystemic disease whose manifestations are continuously being evaluated. There are few case reports of AHA associated with COVID-19 infection, while one case of AHA has been associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Similarly, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) frequently complicates COVID-19 infection, but two cases of DVT have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. We report the occurrence of both AHA and DVT in a 63-year-old male patient within one week of receiving his first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Case Description: Patient is a 63-year-old male who presented with a 3-day history of left lower extremity (LLE) swelling and pain. He was hemodynamically stable, but examination showed exquisite tenderness, ecchymosis, and pitting edema at the calf of the LLE. He had normal platelet counts at presentation but had mild anemia (11.9 g/dL) and elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of 68.0 seconds. Venous Doppler ultrasound showed acute DVT in the left popliteal vein, necessitating commencement on heparin drip. He developed progressively worsening hematomas, symptomatic anemia that required red cell transfusions, and persistently elevated APTT despite stopping the heparin drip. Work up for pulmonary embolism, malignancy, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) were negative. Antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant were also negative. He had low factor VIII levels, tested positive for factor VIII inhibitor, and PTT mixing studies were consistent with acquired factor inhibitor. Treatment involved administration of Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (FEIBA) as well as intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide. Following resolution of active bleeding with evidence of stable hemoglobin concentration, he was discharged home on oral prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Conclusion(s): This case report highlights the possibility of AHA and DVT as rare, potentially life-threatening adverse events that could occur following COVID-19 vaccination, which is currently the most effective tool employed in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.Copyright © Annals of Blood. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41344440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood product transfusions on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a narrative review","authors":"Ewa Olek, M. Pasierski, Artur Słomka, G. Raffa, Steven Lebowitz, M. Pilato, K. Szułdrzyński, P. Suwalski, R. Lorusso, M. Kowalewski","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42341364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of blood components prior to bedside procedures","authors":"A. Menard, A. Mujoomdar, L. Tapley, Nicole Relke, Joey Zheng, A. Shih, J. Callum","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-69","url":null,"abstract":"A transition from liberal use of transfusions prior to invasive procedures to a thoughtful, restrictive approach to transfusion is underway. This shift is being driven by the publication of very large observational studies showing a very low incidence of bleeding complication from most common procedures (even in the presence of severe thrombocytopenia and abnormal tests of coagulation) in conjunction with an evidence-based 2019 guideline from the Society for Interventional Radiology recommending restrictive use of pre-procedure transfusion. Many common invasive procedures have a major bleeding risk well less than 1% with image-guided techniques. This is excellent for patient care, however prospective randomized trials of transfusion vs. no transfusion before invasive procedures are unattainable, given the studies would require an impracticable sample size due to low event rates and would expose the transfusion group to the harms of transfusion. Indeed, a recent pilot randomized trial not only found challenges with recruitment but high rates of transfusion complications suggesting that transfusion risks currently exceed bleeding risks. Utilization studies find approximately 25% of plasma and 10% of platelets are transfused to patients as prophylaxis for bleeding prevention prior to procedures. This suggests that adherence to restrictive practices could substantially reduce adverse reactions from transfusion, minimize blood product shortages, and minimize delays in procedures for transfusion. In addition to unnecessary transfusions, the unselected use of preprocedure laboratory testing is unwarranted for all procedures. This testing is expensive, has a low positive predictive value for bleeding complications, and delays procedures unnecessarily. Numerous studies have also shown that the infusion of plasma for mildly elevated international normalized ratio (INR) test results (INR of 1.5–1.9) does not alter the INR and therefore is very unlikely to reduce the bleeding risk. Lastly, the INR does not predict the risk of bleeding and the coagulation status of patients with liver cirrhosis. Many large centers have successfully transitioned to a restrictive use of blood before procedures and published the safety of this approach. This review will provide the evidence to convince others to follow suit.","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45244482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special series on thrombocytopenia due to immunization against CD36","authors":"B. Curtis","doi":"10.21037/aob-2021-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-2021-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47717414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular genetics and genomics of blood group systems","authors":"Y. Fichou","doi":"10.21037/aob-21-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aob-21-71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of blood","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47770034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}