Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the effects of alcohol policies on treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant people","authors":"Nancy F. Berglas,&nbsp;Sue Thomas,&nbsp;Ryan Treffers,&nbsp;Pamela J. Trangenstein,&nbsp;Meenakshi S. Subbaraman,&nbsp;Sarah C. M. Roberts","doi":"10.1111/acer.15512","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15512","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines whether state-level alcohol policy types in the United States relate to substance use disorder treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant and birthing people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used data from the Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions (TEDS-A) and Vital Statistics birth data for 1992–2019. We examined 16 state-level policies, grouped into three types: youth-specific, general population, and pregnancy-specific alcohol policies. Using Poisson and logistic regression, we assessed policy effects for those under 21 (aged 15–20) and considered whether effects differed for those just over 21 (aged 21–24).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Youth-specific policies were not associated with treatment admissions or preterm birth. There were statistically significant associations between family exceptions to minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) policies and low birthweight, but findings were in opposite directions across possession-focused and consumption-focused (MLDA) policies and did not differentially apply to people 15–20 versus 21–24. Most pregnancy-specific policies were not associated with treatment admissions, and none were significantly associated with birth outcomes. A few general population policies were associated with improved birth outcomes and/or increased treatment admissions. Specifically, both government spirits monopolies and prohibitions of spirits and heavy beer sales in gas stations were associated with decreased low birthweight among people 15–20 and among people 21–24. Effects of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) limits varied by age, with slight reductions in adverse birth outcomes among people 15–20, as BAC limits get stronger, but slight increases for those 21–24. Although treatment admissions rates across ages were similar when BAC limits were in place, treatment admissions were greater for pregnant people 21–24 than for 15–20 when there were no BAC limits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>General population policies also appear effective for reducing the adverse effects of drinking during pregnancy for young people, including those under 21. Policies that target people based on age or pregnancy status appear less effective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"460-475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connectivity of the neuronal network for contextual fear memory is disrupted in a mouse model of third-trimester binge-like ethanol exposure","authors":"Mitchell D. Morningstar,&nbsp;Katalina M. Lopez,&nbsp;Stefanie S. Mayfield,&nbsp;Roberto N. Almeida-Mancero,&nbsp;Joshua Marquez,&nbsp;Andres M. Flores,&nbsp;Brooke R. Hafer,&nbsp;Edilberto Estrada,&nbsp;Gwen A. Holtzman,&nbsp;Emerald V. Goranson,&nbsp;Natalie M. Reid,&nbsp;Abigale R. Aldrich,&nbsp;Desna V. Ghatalia,&nbsp;Juhee R. Patel,&nbsp;Christopher M. Padilla,&nbsp;Glenna J. Chavez,&nbsp;Javier Kelly-Roman,&nbsp;Pooja A. Bhakta,&nbsp;C. Fernando Valenzuela,&nbsp;David N. Linsenbardt","doi":"10.1111/acer.15503","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15503","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In rodents, third-trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure (TTAE) produces significant deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory processes such as contextual fear conditioning (CFC). The present study sought to characterize changes in both behavior and Fos⁺ neurons following CFC in ethanol (EtOH)-treated versus saline-treated mice using TRAP2:Ai14 mice that permanently label Fos⁺ neurons following a tamoxifen injection. We hypothesized that TTAE would produce long-lasting disruptions to the networks engaged following CFC with a particular emphasis on the limbic memory system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On postnatal day 7, mice received either two injections of saline or 2.5 g/kg EtOH spaced 2 h apart. The mice were left undisturbed until they reached adulthood, at which point they underwent CFC. After context exposure on day 2, mice received a tamoxifen injection. Brain tissue was harvested. Slides were automatically imaged using a Zeiss AxioScanner. Manual counts on a priori regions of interest were conducted. Automated counts were performed on the whole brain using the QUINT 2D stitching pipeline. Last, novel network analyses were applied to identify future regions of interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TTAE reduced context recall on day 2 of CFC. Fos⁺ neural density increased in the CA1 and CA3. Fos⁺ counts were reduced in the anteroventral (AV) and anterodorsal thalamus. The limbic memory system showed significant hyperconnectivity in male TTAE mice, and the AV shifted affinity toward hippocampal subregions. Last, novel regions such as a subparafascicular area and basomedial amygdalar nucleus were implicated as important mediators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that CFC is mediated by the limbic memory system and is disrupted following TTAE. Given the increase in CA1 and CA3 activity, a potential hypothesis is that TTAE causes disruptions to memory encoding following day 1 conditioning. Future studies will aim to determine whether this disruption specifically affects the encoding or retrieval of fear memories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"315-331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the commentary on “Blockade of thromboxane A2 signaling attenuates ethanol-induced myocardial inflammatory response in mice”","authors":"Weilun Ai,&nbsp;Viswanathan Saraswathi","doi":"10.1111/acer.15510","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15510","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We appreciate the commentary by Sharp and Van (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) on our recent publication regarding the effect of antagonizing thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TP-R) in attenuating ethanol-induced myocardial inflammatory response in mice (Ai et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In this commentary, Sharp and Van raised some concerns about our study design, clinical significance, and novelty of targeting TP-R as a therapeutic strategy for alcohol-associated cardiomyopathy (ACM). Some of the concerns and points made by Sharp and Van regarding our article are addressed below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the concerns is that our study lacked cardiac function measurements. This is an important point, and we have acknowledged this limitation in the discussion and our study mainly focused on the molecular changes happening during early-cardiac injury. However, it is our intent to perform functional studies, and we are currently working on performing echocardiography to determine the effectiveness of SQ 29,548 (SQ) in altering cardiac function upon ethanol exposure. A study by Matyas et al. (&lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) showed that the chronic plus one binge model used in our study exhibits markers of cardiac dysfunction including contractile dysfunction and impaired left ventricular relaxation. Therefore, further assessment of cardiac function in this model is likely to provide information regarding the effectiveness of SQ in improving ethanol-induced cardiac dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is also discussed that TP-R antagonists persist as a powerful research tool, yet they currently lack clinical utility. We respectfully disagree with this comment. In fact, TP-R antagonists are being used to manage asthma, arterial thrombosis, and peripheral artery disease in some Asian and European countries (Capra et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Moreover, Picotamide, a combined inhibitor of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase and receptor, reduces 2-year mortality in diabetics with peripheral arterial disease (Neri Serneri et al., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;). Further, this drug improved renal hemodynamics and kidney function and favorably affects indices of cardiac performance in patients with severe congestive heart failure (Castellani et al., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;). Ifetroban, a TP-R antagonist, has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Moreover, other Phase 2 trials are ongoing to determine the effectiveness of Ifetroban against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. Thus, targeting TP-R remains a promising approach to manage a number of ailments including cardiovascular disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is argued that the adverse effects of aspirin, which inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and downstream TXA2, limits the clinical utility of current TP-R-related pharmacotherapies. It should be pointed out that COX inhibitors and TP-R antagonists are different classes of compounds. COX inhibitors inhibit the formation of both prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. Whi","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"289-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and paternal risk factors associated with diagnoses within the continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in the USA: Proximal and distal influences","authors":"Philip A. May,&nbsp;Julie M. Hasken,&nbsp;Julie M. Stegall,&nbsp;Heather A. Mastro,&nbsp;Amy Baete,&nbsp;Jaymi Russo,&nbsp;Rosemary Bozeman,&nbsp;Mary Kay Burns,&nbsp;Jo-Viviane Jones,&nbsp;Wendy O. Kalberg,&nbsp;David Buckley,&nbsp;Omar Abdul-Rahman,&nbsp;Margaret P. Adam,&nbsp;Tamison Jewett,&nbsp;Luther K. Robinson,&nbsp;Melanie A. Manning,&nbsp;H. Eugene Hoyme","doi":"10.1111/acer.15501","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15501","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sought to determine risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mothers of first-grade children participating in the Collaboration on FASD Prevalence (CoFASP) in three regional sites were interviewed. Maternal and paternal data were reported by mothers of children with an FASD diagnosis and controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interviews were conducted with mothers of children with an FASD (<i>n</i> = 114) and controls (<i>n</i> = 753). Fifty-seven percent of control mothers usually drank 2.7 drinks per drinking day (DDD) once per month prior to pregnancy, and 79% of mothers of children with FASD reported drinking 4.2 drinks 1–2 times per week. Mothers of children with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder reported the most alcohol consumption overall: bingeing, drinking frequency, drinking in each trimester, and other drug use. Mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (PFAS) underreported consumption. Distal maternal risk factors were liver problems, depression, later pregnancy recognition and first prenatal visit, lower frequency of marriage, and lower spirituality. Postnatal risk indicators were low birthweight and gestational age. Regression analysis indicated that maternal reports of three DDD before pregnancy were associated with a diagnosis within the FASD continuum (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, OR = 9.92). First-trimester exposure (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, OR = 7.64) and all three trimesters (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, OR = 7.77) were associated with a child's FASD diagnosis. An independent association was found between paternal DDD during pregnancy and FASD diagnoses (<i>p</i> = 0.002, OR = 1.08); but, once maternal drinking was a covariate, paternal influence was not significant. Stepwise models indicated that combined maternal alcohol use measures (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>χ</i>² = 61.09), later pregnancy recognition (<i>p</i> = 0.032, <i>χ</i>² = 4.58), later prenatal visits (<i>p</i> = 0.036, <i>χ</i>² = 4.38), and depression in lifetime (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>χ</i>² = 9.47) were significant FASD predictors. The final 10-step model explained 27.4% of the variance in FASD risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While multiple, significant maternal risk factors for FASD were identified, paternal drinking was not a statistically significant, independent risk factor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"185-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Articles of Public Interest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/acer.15506","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15506","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Among young adults who frequently use cannabis, drinking alcohol is linked to intensified cannabis cravings in men and reduced cannabis cravings in women, a novel study suggests. The findings potentially illuminate mechanisms driving the combined use of the two substances and could inform sex-specific approaches to preventing or addressing the resulting harms. Young adults commonly use alcohol and cannabis together (i.e., co-use), and people who use both substances experience more negative consequences—including worse outcomes for alcohol use disorder treatment—than those who use one or the other. Co-use may be partially driven “cross-substance-induced” craving, in which the repeated co-use of two substances prompts one to become a trigger for the other. Research on this effect involving alcohol and cannabis—previously limited to laboratory testing and remote monitoring—has hinted at sex differences in these effects. For the study in &lt;i&gt;Alcohol: Clinical Experimental Research&lt;/i&gt;, investigators explored cross-substance craving in daily life contexts, the first study of its kind.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Researchers worked with 63 young adults (aged 18–21, predominantly White) who used cannabis frequently. Across two weeks, participants reported their alcohol use and cannabis cravings multiple times each day, a method known as ecological momentary assessment, which yielded more than 3400 reports. Using statistical analysis, the researchers explored whether drinking was associated with stronger cannabis cravings. They also examined the influence of sex and the amount of drinks consumed on this effect.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overall, participants used cannabis about 6 days a week and alcohol 2 days a week. Co-use occurred on 27% of days, with similar rates reported by men and women. Among men, drinking alcohol was linked to higher cannabis cravings, implying that the use of alcohol enhanced their desire for cannabis. When women drank, however, they reported somewhat reduced cannabis cravings (this effect was not significant). Levels of alcohol use did not affect men's cannabis cravings, although higher alcohol consumption was linked to more significant reductions in the desire for cannabis among women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These findings may reflect differing motives for co-use based on sex. Young men often use substances for social reasons and to enhance positive feelings. In these cases, using one substance may amplify the desire for another to intensify the “high.” In contrast, young women are more likely than men to use substances to cope with negative emotions. For them, one substance may suffice to fulfill this function, reducing the need for additional substance use. Alternatively, young women may consciously seek to avoid the negative consequences of combining substances, which can include sexual assault.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alcohol and cannabis co-use are likely to continue to increase as cannabis laws become more permissive, and young men may be especially vulnerable to negative outcomes due to heigh","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with utilization of alcohol use disorder treatment in a multicenter study of patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis","authors":"Jeremy W. Luk,&nbsp;Nghiem B. Ha,&nbsp;Amy M. Shui,&nbsp;Hannah R. Snyder,&nbsp;Steven L. Batki,&nbsp;Michael J. Ostacher,&nbsp;Alexander Monto,&nbsp;Robert J. Wong,&nbsp;Ramsey Cheung,&nbsp;Priti Parekh,&nbsp;William Hua,&nbsp;D. Andrew Tompkins,&nbsp;Taylor Fakadej,&nbsp;Christina G. Haight,&nbsp;Meimei Liao,&nbsp;Mandana Khalili,&nbsp;Derek D. Satre","doi":"10.1111/acer.15500","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15500","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment can help improve clinical outcomes among patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis but is underutilized. Among socioeconomically disadvantaged patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis, we examined rates of lifetime and past 12-month AUD treatment utilization and associated demographic and clinical characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Racial/ethnically diverse patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis who had at least one hepatology clinic visit in the prior 6 months were recruited from three Northern California medical centers serving veterans and safety-net populations. Participants self-reported their AUD treatment utilization, liver disease quality of life (LDQoL), history and current symptoms of anxiety and depression, and problematic drinking as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Clinical measures including liver disease severity were captured from medical records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 196 participants, the majority were male (88%) with a mean age of 62 years. Two-thirds of participants (67%) reported ever utilizing AUD treatment and 32% reported utilizing AUD treatment in the past 12 months. Compared with those who did not utilize AUD treatment, participants who utilized lifetime or past 12-month AUD treatment were younger, had lower LDQoL scores, and had higher scores on current symptoms of anxiety, depression, and problematic drinking. In multivariable analyses, the odds of ever utilizing pharmacological treatment alone or both behavioral and pharmacological treatment (vs. none) were lower with older age or higher LDQoL, and higher among those with a history of anxiety/depressive disorder. For past 12-month treatment utilization, odds were lower with older age, and higher among those with current clinically significant anxiety/depression or problematic drinking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis who were younger or had anxiety/depression and problematic drinking were more likely to utilize AUD treatment. To improve AUD treatment utilization, targeted outreach to patients less likely to receive care and the provision of integrated ALD and AUD treatment is warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"244-255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a novel GABA-B positive allosteric modulator, ASP8062, on alcohol cue-elicited craving and naturalistic alcohol consumption in a multisite randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Joseph P. Schacht,&nbsp;Lara A. Ray,&nbsp;Robert Miranda Jr.,&nbsp;Daniel E. Falk,&nbsp;Megan L. Ryan,&nbsp;Joseph T. Sakai,&nbsp;Karen Miotto,&nbsp;Thomas Chun,&nbsp;Charles Scott,&nbsp;Janet Ransom,&nbsp;Nour Alsharif,&nbsp;Mototsugu Ito,&nbsp;Raye Z. Litten","doi":"10.1111/acer.15468","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15468","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The γ-aminobutyric acid-B (GABA_B) receptor is a promising target for the development of new medications to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). The GABA_B agonist baclofen has been reported to reduce alcohol consumption but is associated with some undesirable side effects, including sedation. ASP8062 is a novel compound that acts as a positive allosteric modulator at the GABA_B receptor and may be more tolerable than baclofen. This proof-of-concept human laboratory clinical trial evaluated the safety profile of ASP8062 and tested its effects on cue-elicited alcohol craving and alcohol use among treatment-seeking individuals with AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This double-blind, randomized, multisite trial tested the effect of ASP8062 (25 mg once daily), relative to placebo, on alcohol cue-elicited craving in a laboratory setting and alcohol consumption, craving, mood, sleep, cigarette smoking, and alcohol-related consequences in the natural environment over a 6-week treatment period. Participants were 60 individuals (26 females and 34 males) with moderate or severe AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ASP8062, relative to placebo, was well tolerated, and there were no adverse events (AEs) that significantly differed between treatment groups. Most AEs were mild/moderate, and there were no serious AEs among individuals treated with ASP8062. However, ASP8062 did not attenuate alcohol cue-elicited craving compared with placebo. Moreover, exploratory analyses indicated that ASP8062, relative to placebo, did not significantly affect alcohol consumption, naturalistic alcohol craving, mood, sleep, cigarette smoking, or alcohol-related negative consequences during the 6-week treatment period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although ASP8062 was well tolerated with no serious AEs, the novel compound did not significantly dampen alcohol cue-elicited craving or improve other AUD-related outcome measures. These data indicate positive allosteric modulation of the GABA_B receptor at the dose evaluated here may not blunt alcohol cue-elicited craving, and preliminary drinking outcome data suggest it may not be an efficacious treatment strategy for AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2352-2363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young adult impaired driving behaviors and perceived norms of driving under the influence of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use","authors":"Brittney A. Hultgren,&nbsp;Miranda L. M. Delawalla,&nbsp;Victoria Szydlowski,&nbsp;Katarina Guttmannova,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Cadigan,&nbsp;Jason R. Kilmer,&nbsp;Christine M. Lee,&nbsp;Mary E. Larimer","doi":"10.1111/acer.15459","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15459","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Impaired driving behaviors among young adults who are under the influence of simultaneous alcohol and marijuana/cannabis (SAM) use are associated with increased risks of motor vehicle accidents and resulting increased injury and mortality. Exploration of associations with descriptive and injunctive norms may have prevention implications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Young adults (aged 18–25; <i>N</i> = 1941) in the 2019 cohort of the Washington Young Adult Health Survey comprised study participants. Associations between descriptive norms (estimates of other's frequency of driving under the influence of SAM [DUI-SAM] and riding with a SAM impaired driver [RWI-SAM]), injunctive norms (perceived approval or disapproval of DUI-SAM and RWI-SAM for young adults in their community), and past month DUI and RWI behaviors were assessed with logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates and applying post-stratification weights.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DUI-SAM was reported by 2.7% and almost double (5.3%) reported RWI-SAM at least once in the past month. Almost half of the participants believed the average young adults in Washington State engaged in DUI-SAM (49.8%) and RWI-SAM (48.7%) at least once a month in the past year (i.e., descriptive norms). The majority reported DUI-SAM (68.8%) and RWI-SAM (67.6%) to be <i>totally unacceptable</i> for young adults in their community (i.e., injunctive norms). In models adjusting for covariates including SAM use frequency and corresponding injunctive norms, descriptive norms were not associated with DUI, but were positively associated with RWI-SAM. However, after controlling for SAM use frequency and descriptive norms, higher perceived approval (i.e., injunctive norms) was significantly associated with increased odds of all DUI and RWI behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Injunctive norms for SAM impaired driving behaviors may be a promising intervention focus for DUI and RWI behaviors. Future research is needed to replicate these findings to determine if development and evaluation of individual and community-based interventions focused on changing normative beliefs are warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2319-2330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of alcohol-taking engram cells of the dorsomedial striatum in the mediation of excessive driving behaviors for alcohol","authors":"Yutong Liu,&nbsp;Carole Morel,&nbsp;Ming-Hu Han","doi":"10.1111/acer.15502","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15502","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 2","pages":"285-288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of metformin on binge-like ethanol drinking and adenosine monophosphate kinase signaling in inbred high drinking in the dark line 1 mice","authors":"Kolter Grigsby,&nbsp;Jonathan Palacios,&nbsp;Amy E. Chan,&nbsp;Sade M. Spencer,&nbsp;Angela R. Ozburn","doi":"10.1111/acer.15460","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15460","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling plays a vital role in regulating cellular metabolism and energy throughout the body. Ethanol and cocaine both reduce AMPK activity in addiction-related brain regions. Though AMPK activation has been found to reduce cocaine seeking, its role in harmful drinking and alcohol use disorder (AUD) progression remains unclear. We asked whether metformin, a first-line type 2 diabetes medication that targets AMPK, can reduce binge-like ethanol intake in inbred High Drinking in the Dark Line-1 (iHDID-1) mice, a genetic risk model for drinking to intoxication. We then determined whether metformin altered ethanol clearance in iHDID-1 mice. Next, we tested whether metformin and/or ethanol altered AMPK signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain region critically important for harmful drinking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured the effects of metformin [0 or 250 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)] on binge-like ethanol intake in separate acute (Experiment 1) and chronic (Experiment 3A) drinking studies (<i>n</i> = 6–8 iHDID-1 mice/sex/treatment/experiment). The effect of metformin (0 or 250 mg/kg) on ethanol (2.0 g/kg, i.p.) clearance was tested in iHDID-1 mice (Experiment 2; <i>n</i> = 7–9/sex/treatment). Lastly, we measured NAc AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) levels in response to chronic ethanol (or water) drinking (<i>n</i> = 6 iHDID-1 mice/sex/treatment/fluid type; Experiment 3B) and an intoxicating dose of ethanol (2.0 g/kg; i.p.; Experiment 4).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metformin reduced binge-like ethanol drinking intake in acute and chronic studies in both male and female iHDID-1 mice (<i>p</i>'s &lt; 0.05). We found no significant changes in ethanol clearance in response to metformin. Moreover, no differences in AMPK or pAMPK levels in the NAc were observed with either ethanol or metformin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide early support for the repurposing of metformin, an affordable and safe diabetes medication, to reduce harmful ethanol intake and lay a foundation for testing its efficacy to treat individuals with AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2269-2280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}