Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献

{"title":"Physical sensations of craving in binge drinking and severe alcohol use disorder: A phenomenological approach","authors":"Pauline Billaux,&nbsp;Nicolas Cabé,&nbsp;Olivier Desmedt,&nbsp;Joël Billieux,&nbsp;Aleksandra M. Herman,&nbsp;Andrzej Jakubczyk,&nbsp;Maciej Kopera,&nbsp;Alice Laniepce,&nbsp;Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau,&nbsp;Paweł Wiśniewski,&nbsp;Côme Lemière,&nbsp;Anne-Lise Pitel,&nbsp;Pierre Maurage","doi":"10.1111/acer.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Craving is a key concept in addictive disorders. However, despite seminal results identifying the pivotal role of its physical component, craving remains conceptualized as being centrally underpinned by psychological and cognitive processes. To explore the phenomenological dimension of physical craving in addiction, we measured self-reported body sensations of craving among individuals with subclinical (binge drinking, BD) or clinical (severe alcohol use disorder, SAUD) alcohol use disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a body mapping technique, allowing for the free report of the bodily counterparts of psychological phenomena, among 76 binge drinkers and 97 recently detoxified patients with SAUD. We measured the taxonomy, localization, intensity, and pleasantness of the craving bodily sensations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical sensations of craving were reported (1) for individuals with BD habits, mostly in the shoulders/thorax (53.95%), mouth (47.37%), and forehead (31.58%), in the form of palpitations, dryness, and tension; (2) for patients with SAUD, most often and with the highest average intensity in the hands (31.96%), forehead (24.74%), and shoulders/thorax (22.68%), in the form of tremors, perspiration, and palpitations. In BD, craving sensations were described as slightly unpleasant to pleasant. Conversely, in SAUD patients, craving was perceived as slightly to very unpleasant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings bring forth a novel perspective of the bodily mechanisms involved in craving. They support a dissociation between subclinical and clinical populations of excessive alcohol drinkers, as body sensations related to craving might generate alcohol consumption through positive reinforcement (to extend positive sensations) for subclinical populations and through negative reinforcement (to alleviate unpleasant body sensations) for clinical populations. More widely, we highlight the need to add perceived bodily sensations to the predominantly and exclusively cognitive focus that characterizes the craving research field, since craving is also underpinned by physical sensations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 7","pages":"1601-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance use prevalence among immigrants by generational status in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Maha Najdini,&nbsp;Joris Mathieu,&nbsp;Gérard Shadili,&nbsp;Antoine Frigaux,&nbsp;Maë Ménauges,&nbsp;Carla Mouton,&nbsp;Florence Gressier,&nbsp;Aziz Essadek","doi":"10.1111/acer.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immigration has increased globally, particularly in Europe. While past research has looked into substance use among immigrants, there is a gap in understanding how generational status affects these patterns. This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing data on the differences in prevalence rates of substance use among immigrants by generational status to provide a thorough understanding of how substance use rates and trends vary between generations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane, and Embase for cohort studies until June 2024 with no language restrictions. We included studies published between 1990 and 2023, conducted in Europe, that examined substance use prevalence among first-generation immigrants (FGIs) and second-generation immigrants (SGIs). Following the data extraction, the data were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 10 records from 157,426 articles screened, covering 2,652,732 individuals. The summary OR for alcohol use was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.32–2.13) with some variability in the results of individual studies, and women of second generation were found to be at higher risk, OR 1.85 (95% CI: 0.54–6.40). The OR for tobacco use was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.45–3.08), based on three effect estimates indicating an absence of significant difference between FGIs and SGIs. Regarding drug use, the OR was 2.50 (95% CI: 2.06–3.03), highlighting a significant association between drug use and SGI status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this meta-analysis indicate a higher risk of substance use among SGIs compared to FGIs, particularly for drug use and among women for alcohol use. These results highlight the need for further data on consumption patterns across generations to develop effective, culturally tailored intervention and prevention strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 7","pages":"1381-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of aging on the development and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease","authors":"Ramesh Bellamkonda,&nbsp;Sundararajan Mahalingam,&nbsp;Ojeshvi Ethiraj,&nbsp;Sathish Kumar Perumal,&nbsp;Madan Kumar Arumugam,&nbsp;Daren L. Knoell,&nbsp;Kurt W. Fisher,&nbsp;Carol A. Casey,&nbsp;Kusum K. Kharbanda,&nbsp;Karuna Rasineni","doi":"10.1111/acer.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a robust link between chronic alcohol intake and the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Over 90% of excessive alcohol drinkers develop hepatic steatosis that can progress to an advanced liver injury state. However, this progression depends on many extrahepatic factors including age, which is also a predictor of ALD-related mortality. This study aimed to identify selected pathological changes in rats of different ages with chronic ethanol administration for the same duration to gain insights into the effects of aging in the development and progression of ALD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Male Wistar rats of young (4 months), middle (8–12 months), and older (24 months) age were pair-fed for 6 weeks with Lieber–DeCarli control or ethanol diet. At the end of the experimental period, rats were euthanized and serum and tissues (liver, gut, and adipose) were collected for analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic ethanol feeding increased serum hepatic injury markers, circulating nonesterified free fatty acids, and hepatic triglycerides across the different age groups compared to their respective controls, with the higher levels seen in the middle-aged and old ethanol-fed rats compared to young ethanol-fed rats. Further, histopathological evaluation and quantitative analysis of inflammatory and fibrotic markers revealed more progressive liver injury in older ethanol-fed rats compared to young and middle-aged counterparts. We also observed increased intestinal permeability, as indicated by lower ileal expression of tight junction proteins and higher serum endotoxin levels in older ethanol-fed rats. Aging alone adversely affected several of these injury markers in older control-fed rats compared to middle-aged and young control-fed rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that aging significantly influences the development of liver injury after chronic alcohol intake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 7","pages":"1412-1423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are online norms-based alcohol interventions efficacious for college students with higher social anxiety?","authors":"Katherine Walukevich-Dienst,&nbsp;Scott Graupensperger,&nbsp;Marilyn L. Piccirillo,&nbsp;Kirstyn N. Smith-LeCavalier,&nbsp;Jessica Acolin,&nbsp;Mary E. Larimer","doi":"10.1111/acer.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Undergraduates with higher social anxiety symptoms are at risk for co-occurring substance misuse, heavier drinking in certain contexts, and experiencing more negative alcohol-related consequences. Among undergraduates broadly, online norms-based interventions provide consistent and cost-effective reductions in alcohol use and related risks. However, research on norms-based interventions for undergraduates with higher social anxiety symptoms is limited, and less is known about the longitudinal impacts of social anxiety symptoms on the efficacy of online, norms-based alcohol interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Secondary analyses were conducted on data from a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) with undergraduates who reported past-month heavy episodic drinking and were randomized to an attention control or a norms-based intervention. Generalized linear models tested whether baseline social anxiety symptoms moderated the efficacy of receiving a norms-based intervention versus a nonalcohol-focused attention control condition at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social anxiety symptoms moderated intervention efficacy on the number of typical drinks consumed and descriptive norms at 3 months, as well as injunctive norms at 3 and 12 months. However, these effects appeared to be primarily driven by the individuals with higher social anxiety symptoms in the attention control group. Overall, norms-based interventions demonstrated efficacy in reducing the number of typical drinks consumed, descriptive and injunctive norms, and negative consequences up to 12 months later, regardless of social anxiety symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results demonstrated that online norms-based interventions were similarly efficacious for reducing drinking, negative consequences, and normative beliefs for undergraduates, regardless of social anxiety symptoms. Further, effects were maintained up to 12 months. Thus, existing alcohol-focused brief interventions are efficacious for those with higher social anxiety symptoms, even without adaptation for social anxiety-specific concerns. Individuals with higher social anxiety symptoms who did not receive an active intervention reduced drinking beliefs and behaviors, although reductions were not maintained over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 7","pages":"1564-1575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory endotoxin challenge in individuals with alcohol use disorder and controls","authors":"Kaitlin R. McManus,&nbsp;Erica N. Grodin,&nbsp;Elizabeth Burnette,&nbsp;Yenashi Castillo,&nbsp;Karen Miotto,&nbsp;Michael R. Irwin,&nbsp;Naomi Eisenberger,&nbsp;Lara A. Ray","doi":"10.1111/acer.70090","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preclinical and clinical research reveal associations between chronic alcohol use, increases in proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), and increases in alcohol consumption, alcohol craving, and negative mood. However, these findings remain largely correlational in clinical samples. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary inflammatory challenge using endotoxin in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) to investigate the immune, behavioral, and brain responses to the inflammatory challenge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were randomly assigned to receive a bolus intravenous injection of either low-dose endotoxin (0.8 ng/kg of body weight) or placebo (same volume of 0.9% saline). Blood samples, sickness symptoms, physiology, mood, and alcohol craving were collected at baseline and hourly for 4 h postbaseline, with a neuroimaging scan occurring at 3 h postbaseline. Matched control data were used to validate the endotoxin challenge in comparison to the AUD sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endotoxin led to an acute blunted pro-inflammatory (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) response in individuals with AUD compared to controls (all <i>p'</i>s &lt; 0.039). Endotoxin led to decreased cue-induced craving in both the behavioral human laboratory (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and neuroimaging (<i>p'</i>s &lt; 0.01) assays. Moreover, higher levels of endotoxin-induced IL-6 were most negatively associated with decreased self-reported craving following baseline (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in comparison with lower levels of endotoxin-induced IL-6.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This preliminary study provides an acute experimental manipulation of inflammatory processes associated with AUD and suggests that the short-term effects of inflammation in AUD phenomenology are multifaceted and dose-dependent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 7","pages":"1473-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderation of treatment outcomes by polygenic risk for alcohol-related traits in placebo-controlled trials of topiramate","authors":"Henry R. Kranzler,&nbsp;Zeal Jinwala,&nbsp;Christal N. Davis,&nbsp;Heng Xu,&nbsp;Joanna M. Biernacka,&nbsp;Hang Zhou,&nbsp;Rachel L. Kember,&nbsp;Joel Gelernter,&nbsp;Richard Feinn","doi":"10.1111/acer.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In two 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), topiramate significantly reduced heavy drinking days (HDDs), and alcohol-related problems. In a secondary analysis of those findings, we examined four broad measures of genetic risk—polygenic scores (PGS)—of problematic alcohol use (PAU), drinks per week (DPW), and time to relapse to any drinking (TR) and heavy drinking (THR) as moderators of topiramate's effect on HDDs and alcohol-related problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed data from 285 individuals with AUD (65.6% male) of European-like ancestry, who were treated with either topiramate (49.1%) or placebo (50.9%). All patients underwent genome-wide array genotyping, and PGS were calculated using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of PAU, DPW, and TR and THR (two time-to-event outcomes among patients treated in AUD pharmacotherapy trials). We hypothesized an interaction effect in which greater genetic risk—particularly for PAU—would be associated with a greater therapeutic response to topiramate than placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As shown previously, topiramate significantly reduced both HDDs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and Short Index of Problems (SIP) scores (<i>b</i> = −3.04, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) more than placebo. There were nonsignificant associations of higher PGS with more HDDs (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.98–1.41, <i>p</i> = 0.091) and a greater reduction in HDDs in the topiramate group (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.62–1.03, <i>p</i> = 0.089). There were also significant interaction effects with treatment on SIP score by PGS for PAU (<i>b</i> = −1.64, SE = 0.78, <i>p</i> = 0.033), TR (<i>b</i> = −2.16, SE = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and TRH (<i>b</i> = −2.17, SE = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.003).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide proof of principle for the use of alcohol-related PGS as moderators of the effects of topiramate for treating AUD. Larger RCTs of topiramate are needed to provide adequate statistical power to validate this pharmacogenetic approach to precision AUD treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 6","pages":"1297-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Drinking Dashboard for alcohol-induced blackout: A randomized pilot trial","authors":"Mary Beth Miller,&nbsp;Angelo M. DiBello,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Merrill,&nbsp;Sydney D. Shoemaker,&nbsp;Katie R. Moskal,&nbsp;Kate B. Carey","doi":"10.1111/acer.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol-induced “blackouts,” or memory loss for events that occur while drinking, are prevalent and problematic among young adults. They also increase motivation to change. This study developed and pilot-tested a theoretically informed digital health intervention (“Drinking Dashboard”) for alcohol-induced blackouts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected using qualitative (Study 1) and quantitative (Study 2) methods. Participants in both studies were young adults (ages 18–30 years) across the United States who reported alcohol-induced blackout(s) in the past month. Study 1 participants (<i>N</i> = 22, 82% female) piloted the intervention for 1 week and then completed exit interviews to refine the intervention. In Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 169, 57% female), participants were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to the dashboard (<i>n</i> = 87) or screen time control (<i>n</i> = 82). Research staff were masked to trial outcomes. Participants in both groups completed baseline measures, 30 days of morning reports, and a three-month follow-up. Primary outcomes included high-intensity drinking, estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), blackout frequency, and alcohol-related consequences. Analyses were conducted using multilevel generalized linear models. This study aimed to prepare for a future trial of the Drinking Dashboard intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four of five intervention participants accessed the dashboard, and half viewed it on ≥3 weeks. Per-protocol analyses compared the 74 who accessed the dashboard to 82 control participants (<i>N</i> = 156, 58% female). Overall, 83% of participants rated the dashboard as “good” or “excellent,” and 85% recommended it for friends who need help with drinking. Both groups reported decreases in estimated peak BAC, blackouts, and consequences, with no significant group differences over time. However, dashboard participants reported greater decreases in high-intensity drinking at 3 months [est = 0.93, 95% CI (0.04, 1.82)]. No adverse events were reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Drinking Dashboard is feasible and acceptable and may reduce high-intensity drinking among young adults who experience blackouts. Results support a future trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 6","pages":"1273-1285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive changes in employment status are associated with reduced alcohol use frequency at discharge from outpatient specialty treatment","authors":"Nicholas L. Bormann,&nbsp;Tyler S. Oesterle,&nbsp;Andrea N. Weber,&nbsp;Doo-Sup Choi,&nbsp;Victor Karpyak,&nbsp;Stephan Arndt","doi":"10.1111/acer.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Workforce engagement can provide structure, income, feelings of accomplishment, and personal contacts, growing an individual's recovery capital (RC). Employed individuals are also more likely to complete addiction treatment. We sought to investigate whether changes in employment status from alcohol treatment admission to discharge correlated with changes in alcohol use frequency over those time points.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Treatment Episode Dataset—Discharges (2017–2021) provided the data. Employment status (full-time, part-time, unemployed, and not in labor force) and alcohol use frequency (daily use, some use, and no use in past month) were assessed at treatment admission and discharge. Changes in alcohol use frequency during treatment were recorded as Reduction or No reduction. Logistic regression using reduced alcohol use frequency as the dependent variable included employment status at admission and discharge separately. A second analysis included employment status at both admission and discharge and their interaction term. An adjusted model included all covariates (race, ethnicity, age, education, and referral source), with its results being used to derive the marginal probabilities of reduced alcohol use frequency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 856,085 alcohol treatment admissions over the 5 years, with 221,724 (25.9%) first admissions. Transitioning from not in the labor force or unemployed to full-time saw the largest percentage of encounters decreasing alcohol use frequency: 71.9% (95% CI: 70.0–73.7) and 69.3% (95% CI: 68.1–70.5), respectively. Those remaining unemployed had the lowest reduction at 26.7% (95% CI: 26.3–27.1), with a sample reduction of 42.7% (95% CI: 42.5–42.9) overall. Far more people (60.4%) completed treatment within the Reduction group than in the No reduction group (30.2%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggest that improving employment status may be relevant for reducing alcohol use frequency. This aligns with past work showing overall improved health outcomes with lower unemployment levels. Incorporating vocational training and workforce engagement activities into outpatient treatment may help augment traditional approaches to improve an individual's RC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 6","pages":"1286-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple network dynamics and future alcohol consumption in adolescents","authors":"Clayton C. McIntyre,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Khodaei,&nbsp;Robert G. Lyday,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Weiner,&nbsp;Paul J. Laurienti,&nbsp;Heather M. Shappell","doi":"10.1111/acer.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The human brain is a highly interconnected and dynamic system. The study of neuroimaging indicators of future teen drinking has primarily focused on the activation of individual brain regions. We applied novel methodology to identify relationships between functional brain network dynamics and future drinking outcomes in non/low drinking teens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series from 17-year-old non-/low drinking participants (<i>n</i> = 295) of the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study were used to fit a Hidden semi-Markov Model (HSMM). Regions of the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN), collectively known as the Triple Network, were included in modeling. The HSMM identified each participant's most likely brain state sequence through five brain states. Poisson regression models assessed relationships between occupancy time in brain states and future drinking frequency/intensity. Sex differences were assessed with permutation testing and interaction terms in regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No sex differences in network dynamics were observed. However, the relationship between occupancy times and future drinking frequency differed by sex for three brain states. Occupancy time in a state characterized by high activation in the DMN and SN, but low activation in the CEN, was negatively associated with future drinking in both sexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brain network dynamics may be useful neural markers of teen drinking predisposition. Brain dynamics that make teens vulnerable or resilient to drinking may differ between sexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 6","pages":"1206-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanol-induced Nrf2 suppression in the lung is mediated by AP-1-driven expression of miR-144","authors":"Viranuj Sueblinvong,&nbsp;Xian Fan,&nbsp;Justin Guo,&nbsp;Hui Tao,&nbsp;David M. Guidot","doi":"10.1111/acer.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol use disorders (AUD) increase susceptibility to lung diseases. Ethanol suppresses nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), impairing pulmonary antioxidant and immune defenses. We showed that HIV-mediated Nrf2 suppression in the lung is driven by miR-144. We hypothesized that ethanol similarly suppresses Nrf2 by inducing miR-144 in the lung.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>miR-144 expression was quantified in lungs from rats chronically fed an ethanol-containing diet and in rat alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), alveolar macrophages (AMs), and lung fibroblasts (PLF) treated with ethanol. The levels of the AP-1 subunits c-Fos and c-Jun, both total and phosphorylated, were quantified by western immunoblotting in rat PLF. The link between ethanol-induced AP-1 activation and miR-144 expression on Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulated antioxidants was then assessed using c-Fos silencing RNA and AP-1 inhibitors. The impact of manipulating miR-144 expression and/or activity on the expression of Nrf2 and two key Nrf2-dependent antioxidants in ethanol-treated PLF was evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>miR-144 expression was increased in the lungs of chronic ethanol-fed rats, and ethanol exposure increased miR-144 expression in AEC and PLF, with a trend toward increased expression in AM. Ethanol induced both total and phosphorylated c-Fos protein and total c-Jun protein in PLF. Inhibiting AP-1 with c-Fos silencing RNA or AP-1 inhibitors blocked ethanol-induced miR-144 expression in PLF. Furthermore, RNA silencing of c-Fos or inhibiting miR-144 restored the expression of Nrf2 and the Nrf2-dependent antioxidants GCLC and NQO-1 in ethanol-treated PLF. In contrast, direct overexpression of miR-144 suppressed Nrf2, GCLC, and NQO-1, thereby reproducing the pathophysiological effects of ethanol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ethanol induces miR-144 expression in the lung, mediated by AP-1 activation. These steps can be implicated in the ethanol-mediated inhibition of Nrf2 and the downstream suppression of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant and immune defenses. These results suggest that miR-144 could be a novel therapeutic target to mitigate susceptibility to acute inflammatory lung diseases in individuals with AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 7","pages":"1424-1434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}