Marina Wainstein , Paula Andrea Marioli , Mark Brown , Muhammad Iqbal Abdul Hafidz , Javier A. Neyra , Lilia Cervantes
{"title":"The Interchangeable Nature of Our Destinies: Health Inequities Born From Social and Structural Determinants of Health and the Advocacy Journey to Overcome Them","authors":"Marina Wainstein , Paula Andrea Marioli , Mark Brown , Muhammad Iqbal Abdul Hafidz , Javier A. Neyra , Lilia Cervantes","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As we explore what constitutes our unique experience as human beings and of disease, we recognize the pivotal role of circumstances and the fortune or misfortune of encountering them. In health, these circumstances—the social and structural determinants of health—can determine a disease phenotype and the extent to which a person can access quality care, acting as drivers for health disparities and social injustice. Unless we want to be bystanders to a status quo that is unjust to our patients and distressing to ourselves, we must engage with this critical aspect of their lives, giving it a place in our consultations and moving us to champion initiatives that can change the health policies that affect entire communities. Here, we highlight the advocacy journey of successful, data-driven initiatives across internationally diverse settings, which underscore the transformative power of advocacy-informed research in catalyzing change. By demanding change and advocating for policies that promote kidney health equity and inclusivity, they bridge the gap between individual health outcomes and systemic health inequities, thus giving rise to a universal language in medicine of humanism, empathy, and solidarity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 301-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Path to Achieving Equity in Kidney Care","authors":"Silvi Shah MD, MS, Valerie Luyckx","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 219-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ifeoma Ulasi , Ernest Kiswaya Sumaili , Divya Bajpai , Rolando Claure-Del Granado , Jaquelyne T. Hughes
{"title":"Regional Perspectives of Inequities in Chronic Kidney Disease: Beyond the Obvious","authors":"Ifeoma Ulasi , Ernest Kiswaya Sumaili , Divya Bajpai , Rolando Claure-Del Granado , Jaquelyne T. Hughes","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health burden, with significant disparities in incidence, progression, and outcomes across regions—especially in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This review explores regional perspectives of CKD inequities, going beyond socioeconomic determinants to examine the roles of genetics, environmental exposures, health infrastructure, and cultural factors. In high-income countries, disparities often stem from unequal access to advanced diagnostics and therapies. In low- and middle-income countries, challenges include limited health care resources, poor screening programs, high prevalence of infectious diseases, and environmental toxins. The article highlights rural–urban and indigenous health disparities and emphasizes how cultural and systemic factors exacerbate poor outcomes. We also assess how current global health frameworks, such as the WHO's noncommunicable disease agenda, have inadequately addressed kidney disease. The review underscores the need for targeted policy interventions, health education, and community engagement to reduce CKD disparities. By synthesizing data from diverse regions and populations, we argue for a multifaceted equity-focused approach—combining improved access, culturally appropriate care, and public health strategies—to address kidney health inequities globally. This comprehensive understanding aims to inform action and foster a more equitable landscape in kidney care and outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 229-240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Somkanya Tungsanga , Ikechi G. Okpechi , Swasti Chaturvedi , Maria Eugenia V. Bianchi , Jacqui Hughes , Harley Crowshoe , Aminu K. Bello
{"title":"Inequities in the Care and Outcomes of Indigenous People Living With Kidney Failure","authors":"Somkanya Tungsanga , Ikechi G. Okpechi , Swasti Chaturvedi , Maria Eugenia V. Bianchi , Jacqui Hughes , Harley Crowshoe , Aminu K. Bello","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kidney failure, defined as end-stage kidney disease requiring kidney replacement therapy, is a public health concern that disproportionately affects indigenous peoples around the world. Despite advancements in medical technologies and preventive public health interventions in kidney care, indigenous peoples continue to face significant barriers that limit their access to care. These barriers include limited availability of kidney care services in remote areas, cultural and language obstacles, systemic racism, low health literacy, geographic isolation, and mistrust in health care systems. Such challenges contribute to notable disparities in kidney disease outcomes and kidney replacement therapy access. Previous research in countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States demonstrates a disproportionate burden of risk factors, chronic kidney disease, and the consequences of kidney failure and other complications among indigenous peoples. In this review, we explore the global landscape of kidney failure among indigenous populations, examining epidemiological data, barriers to care, and outcomes of kidney replacement therapy. The key objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of disparities in the burden of kidney failure and care inequities experienced by this high-risk population group. We propose culturally sensitive, community-driven solutions to mitigate various inequities. Addressing these issues requires acknowledging and overcoming the unique challenges faced by indigenous communities, including enhancing access to home dialysis and transplantation services and implementing culturally appropriate health care practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 279-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elliot Koranteng Tannor , Bianca Davidson , Yannick M. Nlandu , Victorine Ndaza , Mohammed Essam Elrggal , Robert Kalysubula , Ikechi G. Okpechi
{"title":"Global Disparities in Access and Utilization of Dialysis – Africa, the Disadvantaged Continent","authors":"Elliot Koranteng Tannor , Bianca Davidson , Yannick M. Nlandu , Victorine Ndaza , Mohammed Essam Elrggal , Robert Kalysubula , Ikechi G. Okpechi","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the burden of CKD continues to increase globally, there remains huge disparities in CKD management and access to treatment in Africa. This review highlights disparities in access and utilization of dialysis in Africa, comparing this with other regions as well as global median values. In-centre hemodialysis is available in all countries in Africa; however, there are significant gaps in its access and utilization across countries. Home hemodialysis is scarcely available in Africa. Peritoneal dialysis utilization is much lower than global medians. These disparities lead to poor health outcomes, poor quality of life, increased morbidity and preventable premature mortality with ethical, psychological and economic impact on the patient, family members and the community, and loss of skilled labor with its consequences on the national economy. Proposed solutions to decrease the impact of these disparities include implementing CKD prevention to reduce disease burden, improved access to essential medicines to slow disease progression, increased peritoneal dialysis utilization, training and retention of skilled nephrology workforce to maintain optimal delivery of care, increased access to kidney transplantation, local production of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis consumables, and increased government funding of kidney care to improve patient outcomes, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex and Gender Disparities in Kidney Transplantation","authors":"Mythri Shankar , Silvi Shah","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sex refers to biological traits, while gender involves socially constructed roles and behaviors. Globally, women face disparities in access to kidney transplants, and outcomes, driven by sociocultural and systemic factors. Females have a higher prevalence of kidney disease, start dialysis at lower glomerular filtration rates, and receive lower dialysis doses than males. Fewer females are refered for kidney transplants than males, and females have lower rates of preemptive transplantation than males. There are significant disparities in waitlisting, with fewer females being placed on kidney transplant waiting list and females having longer median wait time, as compared to males. Studies indicate variable outcomes in kidney allograft survival in males and females due to differences in immune response, hormonal effects, and nephron mismatch. Socioeconomic, cultural, and psychosocial factors exacerbate these gaps, alongside healthcare provider biases. Females constitute over 75% of donors, often reflecting caregiving roles. Addressing these disparities requires equitable organ allocation systems, strengthened donor exchange programs, financial support, and culturally sensitive education. Research and policy reforms remain critical to bridging the sex and gender gap in kidney transplantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 249-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sri Lekha Tummalapalli , Somkanya Tungsanga , Laura Sola , Ricardo Silvariño , Gangadhar Taduri , M. Rafique Moosa , Ikechi G. Okpechi , Valerie Luyckx
{"title":"Policy Approaches to Improve Equitable Access Globally to Kidney Care","authors":"Sri Lekha Tummalapalli , Somkanya Tungsanga , Laura Sola , Ricardo Silvariño , Gangadhar Taduri , M. Rafique Moosa , Ikechi G. Okpechi , Valerie Luyckx","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are substantial inequities both within and between countries in the availability of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), chronic kidney disease care, and a specialized nephrology workforce. Healthcare policies are the foundation for optimal population health and quality health care. In this article, we present 5 country case studies to illustrate how Thailand, Uruguay, India, South Africa, and the United States have made progress in reducing kidney health inequities through healthcare policy change. Lessons learned from these case studies include the importance of 1) universal KRT coverage, 2) access to care across the spectrum of kidney care, 3) investments in public health and reducing adverse social determinants of health, 4) systematic approaches such as health technology assessments to inform policy decisions given finite resources, and 5) prioritizing noncommunicable diseases. The international community can learn from individual country strategies to close policy gaps relating to kidney disease and create momentum toward improving kidney health for all.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 290-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nivedita Kamath , Erica Bjornstad , Paul Mashanga , Patience Obiagwu , Anita van Zwieten , Priya Pais
{"title":"Inequities in Pediatric Nephrology: Disparities in Children's Kidney Health and Access to Care","authors":"Nivedita Kamath , Erica Bjornstad , Paul Mashanga , Patience Obiagwu , Anita van Zwieten , Priya Pais","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pediatric kidney diseases have a lower prevalence compared to adults but contribute to the high global burden of non-communicable diseases. Children with kidney disease (congenital or acquired, acute kidney injury, or chronic kidney disease) encounter unfair disparities in morbidity, burdens, and clinical outcomes due to sociodemographic and economic inequalities rather than true biological differences. Inequity occurs in the global distribution of disease burden, in the access to adequate primary care and specialized pediatric nephrology services, in disease data equity, and in participation in clinical research. The inequity in access to renal replacement therapy is especially severe, resulting in high mortality rates for children with kidney failure in low and low-middle-income countries. The causes for inequity in pediatric kidney diseases begin at the level of the individual child and their family circumstances, extend to the resources and health literacy of a community, and finally result from disparity in national wealth and a country's health care investment and allocation policies for children. Several actions to mitigate these inequities can be successfully implemented by health care providers and society at large. Ultimately, it is the moral obligation of the global nephrology community to advocate for the rights and well-being of every child with kidney disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 266-278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Inequities in Pregnancy in Women With Kidney Disease","authors":"Priti Meena , Rasha Shemies , Prasoon Verma , Silvi Shah","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pregnancy in women with kidney disease is high risk and associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Kidney disease in pregnancy continues to remain under-recognized and underdiagnosed, and disparities exist in access to kidney care for pregnancy patients. Health disparities with kidney disease and pregnancy are connected to differences in social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors; geographical location; and race/ethnicity. The review discusses health disparities in conditions related to kidney disease and pregnancy. We aim to advocate for interventions and policies to mitigate or eliminate health disparities to help all pregnant people with kidney disease to improve pregnancy outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 257-265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inequities in Research and Publication: A Call for Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion","authors":"Divya Bajpai , Eranga Wijewickrama , Urmila Anand , Arpita Ray Chaudhury , Shaifali Sandal","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of academic medicine and scientific research, systemic inequities exist both at the participant or patient level and at the level of the researcher. In this paper, we outline sex, gender, geographical, ethnic, and racial inequities in those who participate as subjects in research, which often leads to the exclusion of vulnerable populations. In addition, we highlight inequities in research funding, mentorship, publications, language, career stage, and leadership roles that lead to disparities in who conducts the research or decides on research priorities. We also report algorithmic bias and artificial intelligence as an emerging source of inequities in research. We conclude by proposing strategies to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in research and publication and provide a framework for achieving this when conducting clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 3","pages":"Pages 309-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}