{"title":"Acute Kidney Injury Care Following Hospitalization: Care Provision and Public Policy for Acute Kidney Injury Survivors","authors":"Seda Babroudi, Daniel E. Weiner","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing. AKI is associated with both short- and long-term risks, including increased risk of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure, cardiovascular events, and all-cause death. This review summarizes existing posthospitalization AKI care guidelines, interprets the current state of evidence for AKI survivor care models including nephrology-specific and multidisciplinary team interventions, and details the health policy landscape for AKI survivors receiving outpatient dialysis in the United States. The main finding of this review is that evidence supporting specific posthospitalization AKI care interventions is very limited, resulting in imprecise consensus-based practice recommendations by national and international kidney societies for AKI survivors. The main implication of this work is to highlight the urgent need for additional research evaluating the efficacy of different care models among AKI survivors at high risk of maintenance dialysis, progression of kidney disease, rehospitalization, and death to devise value-based care models and clinical interventions that improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 205-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bethany C. Birkelo , Erin F. Barreto , Edward D. Siew
{"title":"Care That Fits: Optimizing Value-Based Care for Acute Kidney Injury Survivors","authors":"Bethany C. Birkelo , Erin F. Barreto , Edward D. Siew","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury (AKI) survivors are at risk for substantial adverse outcomes, and the post-AKI setting is a source of high health care utilization. Kidney health is often not prioritized after discharge from an AKI hospitalization and can be complicated by patient and process-related barriers. Improving kidney care for AKI survivors has the potential to improve outcomes, though data on which care models are optimal for this population are lacking. Care models utilized in other patient populations, as well as prior trials of AKI survivor clinics, can provide insight as to how these models could be implemented in the post-AKI setting to improve outcomes in a cost-effective way. Potential care models range on a spectrum from the least specialized, most highly scalable, and cost-effective options, such as patient engagement programs and home health, to more generally accessible models including allied health-driven models, and primary care-embedded programs, to highly specialized and less scalable options, such as nephrology-led survivor clinics. Each has potential applications and limitations in the post-AKI setting. Ongoing studies that incorporate elements of multiple care models may have the most promise to improve value-based care in the care of AKI survivors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 133-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chi-yuan Hsu MD, Marla C. Levy, Melissa (Liddy) Lawson
{"title":"Beyond Acute Care for Dialysis-Requiring Acute Kidney Injury: Three Patients' Stories and One Nephrologist's Commentary","authors":"Chi-yuan Hsu MD, Marla C. Levy, Melissa (Liddy) Lawson","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 111-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Next Frontier of Kidney Care Quality: Addressing Known Gaps to Transform Care Delivery.","authors":"Mallika L Mendu, Wingel Xue, Lipika Samal","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, quality measurement for patients with kidney disease has been centered on pay-for-performance metrics for kidney failure. From the seminal Centers for Medicare Services ESRD Quality Incentive Program in 2012 to Centers for Medicare Services dialysis start ratings in 2015 to more recent Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation value-based care kidney models, like ESRD Treatment Choices and Kidney Care Choices, there has largely been a focus on care provided in dialysis units. The value of existing kidney-based quality measures has been evaluated, illustrating challenges with validity, attribution, and risk adjustment. Similarly, the current models of incentivization have been questioned with respect to meaningful impacts on improving care. In order to transform kidney care quality, the next phase of quality program development must focus on patient-centeredness, clinical outcomes, and health equity and should be applied across the continuum of kidney care delivery; incorporation of these elements is critical to ensure patients' perspectives on quality are included, longstanding disparities are addressed, and silos of CKD care are broken down. There is an opportunity to fundamentally shift kidney care quality to a new frontier and drive real improvements in care delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic Kidney Disease-Part 2: Management and Its Complications","authors":"Holly Kramer","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the multifaceted aspects of kidney function, the management of CKD not only requires knowledge of kidney physiology and pathophysiology but also a keen understanding of how to diagnose, treat, and monitor the metabolic derangements and complications of reduced kidney function. In this article, we provide questions that cover a broad range of clinical scenarios that may test the clinical acumen of a kidney health professional. Each question starts with a brief clinical scenario to guide the reader. Questions are followed by a selection of answers. As in most clinical situations, a variety of tests and/or interventions may be appropriate. As knowledge on the management of kidney diseases and associated complications evolve, the optimal choice for these questions may also evolve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 1","pages":"Pages 79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embedding Equity and Inclusion Principles Into Nephrology Board Examinations: An Essential Part of Our Path Toward Kidney Health Justice","authors":"Dinushika Mohottige , Samira Farouk","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognition of widespread health inequalities across disease conditions and their startling impact on morbidity and health care costs have motivated multiple professional societies to ensure board examinations reflect and enhance inclusive, anti-biased, and equitable care. In this perspective, we offer five nephrology case examples and accompanying learning objectives to demonstrate how principles of inclusion, equity, and anti-bias can be embedded into nephrology examinations to enhance care for all populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 1","pages":"Pages 95-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariela Navarro-Torres, Benjamin Wooden, Dominick Santoriello, Jai Radhakrishnan, Andrew S. Bomback
{"title":"Podocytopathies","authors":"Mariela Navarro-Torres, Benjamin Wooden, Dominick Santoriello, Jai Radhakrishnan, Andrew S. Bomback","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The podocyte is a critical component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Injury to these specialized cells results in podocytopathies. A kidney biopsy will reveal focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease. These diseases can have variable clinical presentations and biopsy features, which will help classify them into primary or secondary podocytopathies and further guide treatment. Contrary to secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease require immunosuppression since spontaneous remission is rare and complications related to nephrotic syndrome can be life-threatening. Podocytopathies secondary to genetic mutations rarely require immunosuppression, but this may be indicated in special populations. The purpose of this review is to discuss key points in diagnosis and treatment for patients with podocytopathies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 1","pages":"Pages 2-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphate Disorders","authors":"Nayan Arora , Abbal Koirala","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A fundamental understanding of electrolyte disorders is a requisite skill for nephrology practitioners given the vital role kidneys play in maintenance of homeostasis. While disorders of sodium and potassium garner greater attention, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate are similarly essential for a variety of bodily functions. This article reviews the physiology and pathology of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate through a series of clinical vignettes designed to assist nephrologists preparing for boards and practitioners caring for patients with derangements in these electrolytes in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 1","pages":"Pages 50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Nephrology Boards and Certification Exams: Relevance in a Changing Landscape","authors":"Jeffrey H. William, Sam Kant","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 1","pages":"Page 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic Acidosis","authors":"Keiko I. Greenberg , Stewart H. Lecker","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic acidosis is a common disorder that occurs in a variety of clinical settings. The kidney maintains acid-base homeostasis through the elimination of protons and reabsorption/generation of bicarbonate. Metabolic acidosis develops when these mechanisms are overwhelmed or impaired, in situations such as rapid production of nonvolatile acids, abnormally high bicarbonate losses, and impaired acid excretion by the kidney. Determining the presence or absence of an anion gap is the first step in ascertaining the etiology of metabolic acidosis. The presence or absence of an osmolal gap, urine pH, and serum potassium levels may be useful in certain settings. We discuss a comprehensive approach to metabolic acidosis and present important clinical scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 1","pages":"Pages 61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}