{"title":"Navigating the Complex Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury: Exploring Macrophage Dynamics, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Ferroptosis Pathways","authors":"Tanima Chatterjee, Abolfazl Zarjou","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury, a rapid decline in kidney function coupled with physiological and homeostatic perturbations, is an independent risk factor for both short-term and long-term health outcomes. As incidence of acute kidney injury continues to rise globally, the significant clinical and economic challenge of acute kidney injury underscores the need for its prompt recognition and application of novel and germane strategies to reduce its severity and facilitate recovery. Understanding the multifaceted cascade of events engaged in pathogenesis of acute kidney injury is pivotal for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. To facilitate an in-depth discussion on emerging therapeutic targets, this review will examine the role of macrophages in kidney injury and repair, explore the alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis dynamics induced by acute kidney injury, and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of ferroptosis to kidney injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Trials Targeting Recovery and Postdischarge Care in Dialysis for Acute Kidney Injury","authors":"Ian E. McCoy , Samuel A. Silver","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Receipt of dialysis for acute kidney injury is common and increasing. For patients still actively receiving dialysis, it is possible that the dialysis procedure itself decreases the likelihood of kidney recovery or confounds recognition that recovery has occurred. Accordingly, 2 ongoing trials are testing hypotheses that dialysis prescriptions to minimize dialysis-induced ischemia and/or standardize dialysis discontinuation will increase the likelihood of renal recovery compared to usual care. These will be some of the first clinical trials to focus on hospitalized patients during the recovery phase of their acute illness. Meanwhile, clinical trials in the postdischarge population have found that less than 30% of patients choose to enroll when interventions require in-person nephrology follow-up, suggesting more flexible and pragmatic follow-up pathways are needed. Key considerations for future trials in dialysis for acute kidney injury will include recruiting patients at the right time in their clinical course during the window between acute kidney injury development and recovery or death, as well as providing interventions/follow-up over great distances and in multiple care settings. Testing different care strategies in this rigorous manner may eventually help reduce variation in care across centers and identify evidence-based practices that promote kidney recovery in dialysis for acute kidney injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanie M. Manis , Jessica L. Wallace , Emily F. Boyd , Kaleab Z. Abebe , Linda Fried , Paul M. Palevsky , Paul T. Conway , Edward J. Horwitz , Kathleen D. Liu , Chirag R. Parikh , Emilio Poggio , Edward D. Siew , Javier A. Neyra , Matthew R. Weir , F. Perry Wilson , Sandra L. Kane-Gill
{"title":"Postdischarge Care of Acute Kidney Injury Survivors: An Opportunity for Targeted Nurse and Pharmacist Interventions","authors":"Melanie M. Manis , Jessica L. Wallace , Emily F. Boyd , Kaleab Z. Abebe , Linda Fried , Paul M. Palevsky , Paul T. Conway , Edward J. Horwitz , Kathleen D. Liu , Chirag R. Parikh , Emilio Poggio , Edward D. Siew , Javier A. Neyra , Matthew R. Weir , F. Perry Wilson , Sandra L. Kane-Gill","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing, and with it, the population of individuals requiring post-AKI care. Postdischarge follow-up for AKI survivors is recommended within 90 days of an AKI episode to promote kidney recovery and potentially prevent progression of kidney disease. However, timely postdischarge care is often lacking or fragmented and poses a missed opportunity to prevent long-term complications of this condition. Suggested elements of follow-up care begin with a scheduled appointment with a physician and involve a bundled approach to care with health care providers’ communicating across sites, remote patient monitoring devices, review of medications, education, access, kidney care evaluation, and interdisciplinary collaboration to achieve these patient care goals. This article provides an overview of guidance documents for post-AKI care and the roles of the nurse and pharmacist as part of an interdisciplinary team in postdischarge care after a patient incurs an episode of AKI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremiah R. Brown , Julia S. Shaw , Oleksa Rewa , Javier A. Neyra
{"title":"Implementation Science in Acute Kidney Injury Care: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Jeremiah R. Brown , Julia S. Shaw , Oleksa Rewa , Javier A. Neyra","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Implementation science has the potential to bridge the research-to-practice gap in acute kidney injury care. The field of implementation science is multidisciplinary and offers theories, models, and frameworks to establish a roadmap for practical adoption, adaptation, fidelity, and dissemination of evidence-based practices for acute kidney injury care. In this brief narrative article, we describe key methodological aspects of implementation science and provide selected examples of its use in the prevention and management of acute kidney injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 200-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of Patients With Acute Kidney Injury Undergoing Dialysis After Hospital Discharge","authors":"Sarah F. Sanghavi , Anitha Vijayan","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury is a common diagnosis in hospitalized patients and can range in severity from a minor, reversible rise in creatinine to a more severe kidney injury with resultant complications. In a small but significant percentage of patients with acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy is required for supportive care. Patients who require renal replacement therapy and survive to hospital discharge face major challenges in recovering from acute illness while adapting to an outpatient dialysis system that was not designed for patients with acute kidney injury. In addition, treating clinicians must navigate complex transitions of care and remain cognizant of signs of renal recovery. This review describes the current evidence in postdischarge acute kidney injury requiring dialysis management. We discuss risk factors for dialysis dependency, markers of kidney recovery, transitions of care, dialysis customization, and quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute Kidney Injury Provider and Survivor Education: Current and Emerging Tools","authors":"Yuenting Diana Kwong , Patricia F. Kao","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes, but the proportion of patients receiving optimal care is low. Barriers to improving outcomes after AKI include limited recognition of AKI by providers, the required transitions of care from the inpatient and outpatient settings, and lack of patient awareness of the AKI event. Gaps in the care of AKI survivors may be improved with enhanced education for providers and patients. Some tools focused on early detection of AKI and improving AKI management have been developed with variable success in addressing adverse outcomes. Significant heterogeneity within the AKI population and complexities of care coordination continue to hinder programs focused on improving AKI survivorship. On the horizon, promising programs are emerging that may overcome these barriers by offering an individualized, patient-centered approach to AKI survivorship by integrating technological advances and multidisciplinary support. Greater emphasis is being placed on ensuring that tactics for AKI management can be implemented beyond the nephrology subspecialty. These programs can potentially prevent AKI, optimize recovery, and increase patient satisfaction. This review discusses the current and emerging educational resources for AKI survivors and their providers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 144-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric Considerations in Post Acute Kidney Injury Care","authors":"Shina Menon , Stuart L. Goldstein","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury in children is associated with adverse outcomes. These include longer hospital stays, increased mortality, and nonrecovery of kidney function in the short term and increased health care utilization, new onset hypertension, and chronic kidney disease in the long term. Systematic post acute kidney injury care may help mitigate some of the complications that follow acute kidney injury. Patient, family, and health care team education is a key aspect of post acute kidney injury care. This includes individualized education to the patient and family, ideally prior to hospital discharge, provision of a discharge summary with details of the acute kidney injury episode and follow-up plan, and communication with the primary care provider. Given that severe acute kidney injury may often be seen in patients with other underlying medical conditions, partnership between the primary care provider, non-nephrology specialist and the nephrologist, and the use of telehealth may facilitate follow-up without increasing caregiver burden. Ongoing surveillance includes monitoring kidney function, proteinuria, and hypertension. There are no guidelines on the frequency of this evaluation or the duration of follow-up. These decisions should be individualized based on the characteristics of the index acute kidney injury episode and underlying risk factors for chronic kidney disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thinking and Acting Outside the Hospitalization Box in AKI Care: Beyond Acute Care","authors":"Anitha Vijayan, Javier A. Neyra","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 109-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling the Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury Recovery","authors":"Ilka Decker , Michael Heung , Jorge Cerda","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication among hospitalized patients and is associated with significant long-term morbidity, including the development of major adverse kidney events such as kidney failure. By definition, AKI holds the promise of potential kidney recovery, yet clearly not all patients will recover, and some will develop worsening kidney function even after initial recovery. Being able to identify which patients with AKI will recover vs have persistent or future kidney complications is a critically important question, both for counseling patients and for determining appropriate care of AKI survivors. In this article, we review and describe the key factors associated with kidney function nonrecovery after AKI, some of which are modifiable and may be future targets for intervention. We also describe recent studies developing clinical risk scores to predict post-AKI kidney outcomes and their potential role in the clinical setting. Despite progress, there remains significant opportunity to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of AKI recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 115-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia H. Ng , Mahie M. Abdullah , Emaad M. Abdel-Rahman
{"title":"Holistic Patient-Centered Outcomes in Post-Acute Kidney Injury Care: Physical, Emotional, Cognitive, and Social Outcomes","authors":"Jia H. Ng , Mahie M. Abdullah , Emaad M. Abdel-Rahman","doi":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury can lead to severe short- and long-term consequences. The majority of acute kidney injury outcome studies have focused on mortality and kidney-related outcomes, with very few studies considering the importance of a holistic approach to post-acute kidney injury care. In this review, we focus on the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social outcomes following acute kidney injury that may affect patients’ quality of life, aiming to highlight the importance of assessing and managing patients both during their hospitalization as well as posthospital discharge. We conclude with specific key recommendations to ensure that health care providers consider all aspects of care for patients with acute kidney injury, and we advocate for a concerted effort to develop post-acute kidney injury care strategies that embrace a holistic approach, ensuring comprehensive care for acute kidney injury survivors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72096,"journal":{"name":"Advances in kidney disease and health","volume":"32 2","pages":"Pages 162-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}