Additive manufacturing letters最新文献_第5页

Simultaneously improving strength and corrosion resistance of additively manufactured Mg-Gd-Zr alloy by in-situ alloying with Al 通过原位合金化铝，同时提高了增材制造Mg-Gd-Zr合金的强度和耐腐蚀性

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100279

Ziyi Liu, Qingchen Deng, Yiwen Ding, Ziyan Li, Jiacheng Wang, Liming Peng

{"title":"Simultaneously improving strength and corrosion resistance of additively manufactured Mg-Gd-Zr alloy by in-situ alloying with Al","authors":"Ziyi Liu, Qingchen Deng, Yiwen Ding, Ziyan Li, Jiacheng Wang, Liming Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing of magnesium (Mg) alloy components with intricate geometries via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) offers significant advantages for lightweight engineering applications. However, as a commonly issue of Mg alloys, the corrosion resistance of LPBF-Mg alloys is even worse than their cast and deformed counterparts. In-situ alloying provides a rapid pathway for composition modification tailored for the LPBF process. In this study, aluminum (Al) is introduced through in-situ alloying to prepare Mg-10Gd-xAl-Zr (GA10xK, <em>x</em> = 0.5, 1, 2 wt. %) alloys using blended Mg-10Gd-Zr and Mg-15Al powders. By employing a lower scanning speed during LPBF, a uniform distribution of Al throughout the as-built components is achieved. The increase in Al content leads to the progressive enhancement in grain refinement and the transformation of secondary phases from Mg<sub>3</sub>Gd to Al<sub>2</sub>Gd with a significant reduction in size and a notable increase in number density. These microstructural transformations yield a synchronous enhancement in strength and corrosion resistance with increasing Al content. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the GA102K alloy reach 328 MPa and 350 MPa, respectively, with a minimized corrosion rate of 0.787 mm/yr., surpassing the mechanical and corrosion performance of both LPBF and semi-continuous cast G10K alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced superelasticity and notable elastocaloric effect of Cu71Al17.5Mn11.5 shape memory alloys by laser-based powder bed fusion 激光粉末床熔合Cu71Al17.5Mn11.5形状记忆合金的超弹性增强和显著的弹热效应

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100281

Xiang Li , Zeming Fan , Qijie Zhai , Gang Wang , Xiang Lu , Hanyang Qian , Rui Cai , Daqiang Jiang , Jian Liu

{"title":"Enhanced superelasticity and notable elastocaloric effect of Cu71Al17.5Mn11.5 shape memory alloys by laser-based powder bed fusion","authors":"Xiang Li , Zeming Fan , Qijie Zhai , Gang Wang , Xiang Lu , Hanyang Qian , Rui Cai , Daqiang Jiang , Jian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) with highly oriented columnar grains and high densities are promising candidates for solid-state refrigeration. In this work, the Cu<sub>71</sub>Al<sub>17.5</sub>Mn<sub>11.5</sub> alloys with a strong 〈001〉 texture columnar grains and a high relative density were fabricated using laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) technique. The Cu<sub>71</sub>Al<sub>17.5</sub>Mn<sub>11.5</sub> alloys exhibited enhanced superelasticity, with a superelastic strain of 6.2 %. A maximum recoverable strain of 8.5 % was achieved under 9 % compressive loading, which includes both superelastic and elastic strain components. Additionally, a notable elastocaloric temperature change of 8.0 K was achieved upon fast unloading under adiabatic conditions. The phase transformation behavior has been systematically investigated by the digital image correlation (DIC) and the transmission wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements. The current results suggest that the additive manufacturing could be a promising route for near-net-shape high-performance Cu-based elastocaloric refrigerants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing dental model accuracy through optimized vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing parameters 通过优化大桶光聚合增材制造参数，提高牙科模型精度

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100278

Clément Tien , Camille Jean , Lucas Poupaud , Floriane Laverne , Frédéric Segonds

引用次数: 0

Qualification of additively manufactured polymer fluid manifolds for life-detection instruments 生命检测仪器用增材制造聚合物流体歧管的鉴定

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100277

Theresa Juarez, Nathan J. Oborny, Andrew Berg, Aaron C. Noell

{"title":"Qualification of additively manufactured polymer fluid manifolds for life-detection instruments","authors":"Theresa Juarez, Nathan J. Oborny, Andrew Berg, Aaron C. Noell","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of autonomous life detection instruments is being driven by the advancement of multiple space exploration missions to investigate the subsurface oceans of icy worlds, particularly Titan, Enceladus, and Europa. A fundamental feature of this type of instrument is a compact, reliable, and chemically inert internal liquid transport network. Additively manufactured (AM) custom liquid manifolds produced via vat photopolymerization (VPP) methods can meet these requirements. However, before these materials can be considered, basic spaceflight requirements, qualification for flight worthiness and functionality must be addressed. In this study, mechanical properties, outgassing behavior, polymeric characteristics, and chemical compatibility are assessed for select commercially available AM polymers. The results indicate basic materials qualification requirements are met, including sufficiently characterized mechanical properties, the identification of a bakeout protocol for reduced outgassing to meet NASA standards, and chemical compatibility with liquids and reagents used in candidate instrumentation under development for life detection missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of raster orientation on large-scale robotic 3D printing of short carbon fiber-reinforced PLA composites 栅格取向对短碳纤维增强PLA复合材料大规模机器人3D打印的影响

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100276

E. Baharlou , J. Ma

{"title":"Effect of raster orientation on large-scale robotic 3D printing of short carbon fiber-reinforced PLA composites","authors":"E. Baharlou , J. Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing in building construction can be extended for mass customization of building components or even complex mold making. This study examines the process parameters of raster orientation of short carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (SCF-PLA) and neat PLA in large-scale 3D printing. Three raster orientations—unidirectional, cross-ply, and quasi-isotropic layups—were printed using a pellet extruder assembled on an industrial robotic arm. Tensile and flexural tests were conducted to characterize the differences between SCF-PLA and neat PLA across all raster orientations. This study shows that neat PLA has higher tensile strength compared to SCF-PLA, and quasi-isotropic orientation can improve the week mechanical properties of both SCF-PLA and PLA. This research highlights the interface bonding challenges encountered with larger 3D printed filaments, which result in more significant pores. Furthermore, any factor that modifies rheological properties of the filament, such as carbon filling, can lead to a higher likelihood of material defects. To understand this discrepancy, microstructure analyses were conducted on intact and fractured 3D printed samples, including the analysis of micro voids, interlayer voids, and bonding between SCF and the PLA matrix. This suggests that the effects of quasi-isotropic layups can be applied to enhance 3D print large-scale polymer-based building components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Process screening in additive manufacturing: Detection of keyhole mode using surface topography and machine learning 增材制造中的工艺筛选：使用表面形貌和机器学习检测钥匙孔模式

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100275

Mingzhang Yang, Ali Rezaei, Mihaela Vlasea

{"title":"Process screening in additive manufacturing: Detection of keyhole mode using surface topography and machine learning","authors":"Mingzhang Yang, Ali Rezaei, Mihaela Vlasea","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Screening of defective additive manufactured (AM) parts is crucial for ensuring process consistency and part reliability, yet common microstructural inspection methods can be time-consuming or destructive. This study explores how surface analysis combined with machine learning (ML) algorithms can effectively infer the microstructure of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parts. As a case study, non-spherical ZrH₂ nanoparticle-enhanced AA7075 aluminum powders was fabricated using 60 different LPBF recipes. ML classification models were then employed to link side-surface topographical features to keyhole melting occurring within the parts. Among the tested ML models, random forest (RF) achieving a testing accuracy of 95 % and an F1-score of 0.98, outperforming both the neural network (NN) and support vector machine (SVM) models. To enhance the interpretability of the ML model, the RF model was leveraged to identify the hierarchical importance of surface features associated with keyhole melting mode. This resulted in the development of keyhole-probability maps based on superficial surface parameters, providing engineers with an effective and easy-to-use tool for screening keyhole mode parts. While further validation is needed, the proposed strategy lays a foundation for leveraging surface topography to infer microstructural features and adapting the method to different material systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of the laser strategy on bi-metallic interfaces printed via multi-material laser-based powder bed fusion 激光策略对多材料激光粉末床熔合打印双金属界面的影响

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100274

Isabel B. Prestes, Eric A. Jägle

{"title":"Influence of the laser strategy on bi-metallic interfaces printed via multi-material laser-based powder bed fusion","authors":"Isabel B. Prestes, Eric A. Jägle","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallic Multi-material Additive Manufacturing (MMAM) is an emerging research topic, with potential applications in heat exchangers, metamaterials and satellite components. In recent years, new multi-material laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) techniques have been developed. However, processing challenges may arise, since materials with dissimilar properties are mixed at the interfaces, which might lead to defects such as cracks. This work aims to investigate the influence of different laser scan strategies to achieve sound interfaces with different material mixing gradients. The samples, made of Inconel 718 and Invar were deposited by the patterning drums technique and were analyzed by means of optical microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings and line scans. The orientation in which melt pools cross the material interface plays an important role in mixing the materials. Different orientations in subsequent layers create a certain “jagged” pattern of mixing at the interface. Sigmoid functions of Boltzmann fitted to the line scans show a significant slope steepness increase – up to 75 % – in the element count from double scan to single scan, suggesting a stronger material mixing. The double scan strategy leads to porosity at the interface and thus should be avoided. The remelt at the interface partially healed defects such as cracks but does not seem to influence the mixing width at the interface. These findings give general guidance for selecting scan strategies in MMAM depending on the desired mixing pattern at the material interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of a typical scanner delay processing parameter on local microstructure in metallic laser-based powder bed fusion 典型扫描仪延迟处理参数对金属激光粉末床熔合中局部显微组织的影响

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100273

Brenda Leticia Valadez Mesta , Pascal Thome , Marcus C. Lam , Sammy Tin , Jorge Mireles , Ryan B. Wicker

{"title":"Impact of a typical scanner delay processing parameter on local microstructure in metallic laser-based powder bed fusion","authors":"Brenda Leticia Valadez Mesta , Pascal Thome , Marcus C. Lam , Sammy Tin , Jorge Mireles , Ryan B. Wicker","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M), variations in laser scanner movements, particularly lesser-studied parameters like scanner delays that control laser directional changes, can influence the microstructure in a part during fabrication as each of typically millions of individual laser vectors impact part thermal history and resulting microstructure. While the impact of commonly researched parameters such as laser power, scan speed, hatch spacing, and layer thickness on part microstructure have been well studied, considerably less attention has been given to scanner delays such as the polygon delay. This study uses electron backscatter diffraction to investigate the microstructural variations caused by polygon delay values ranging from 0 to 450 microseconds, beginning with individual scan tracks. The study then extends single tracks to a simple three-dimensional part to examine if microstructure differences due to polygon delays may be influenced by localized heating and cooling caused by nearby hatch vectors and successive layers. The results reveal that varying polygon delay clearly affects grain morphology during individual scan tracks, although these effects are less clear during a three-dimensional build. Future PBF-LB/M studies should focus more on understanding time-resolved laser beam processing effects to better reduce inconsistencies and improve part quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of machining and electropolishing for surface quality improvement of shape memory nitinol samples additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion 激光粉末床熔合增材加工改善形状记忆镍钛诺表面质量的比较分析

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2024.100261

Rodrigo Zapata Martínez , Shohom Bose-Bandyopadhyay , Alan Burl , Óscar Contreras-Almengor , Carlos Aguilar Vega , Kyle Saleeby , Thomas Kurfess , Andrés Díaz Lantada , Jon Molina-Aldareguia

{"title":"Comparative analysis of machining and electropolishing for surface quality improvement of shape memory nitinol samples additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Rodrigo Zapata Martínez , Shohom Bose-Bandyopadhyay , Alan Burl , Óscar Contreras-Almengor , Carlos Aguilar Vega , Kyle Saleeby , Thomas Kurfess , Andrés Díaz Lantada , Jon Molina-Aldareguia","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2024.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2024.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel-titanium (NiTi) or nitinol alloys exhibit high corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and smart properties, rendering them ideal materials for active biomedical devices. Traditional manufacturing techniques struggle with these alloys, prompting the adoption of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) as a viable alternative for producing geometrically challenging features. However, L-PBF inherently introduces geometric inconsistencies and surface defects, necessitating post-processing. Electropolishing and chemical etching, while effective for surface smoothing, result in non-conformal material removal, potentially altering the designed geometry. This study examines the use of machining as a post-processing method to achieve uniform material removal and maintain geometric fidelity. Planar spring-shaped actuators were fabricated via L-PBF and subsequently machined to their final geometry using a Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) system. The actuators were assessed for geometric accuracy and shape memory properties. Machining of the actuators lead to a near homogeneous thickness of 300 µm in all cases, whereas the electropolished + chemically etched samples varied dramatically from <50 µm to over 400 µm in thickness. The findings demonstrate that CNC machining effectively enhances the geometric precision of L-PBF-manufactured NiTi components, while preserving shape memory characteristics. This research underscores the potential of integrating L-PBF with CNC machining to improve the precision and functionality of NiTi-based biomedical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resin-dependent mechanical anisotropy in laser vat photopolymerization correlates to the initial rate of polymerization and critical energy 激光还原光聚合过程中树脂相关的力学各向异性与初始聚合速率和临界能有关

IF 4.2

Additive manufacturing letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2024.100264

Dagoberto Torres-Alvarez, Angel Celis-Guzman, Alan Aguirre-Soto

{"title":"Resin-dependent mechanical anisotropy in laser vat photopolymerization correlates to the initial rate of polymerization and critical energy","authors":"Dagoberto Torres-Alvarez, Angel Celis-Guzman, Alan Aguirre-Soto","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2024.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2024.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degree of mechanical anisotropy in objects printed with laser vat photopolymerization (VPP) remains controversial. It has been stated that objects with a higher degree of mechanical isotropy are produced with VPP as compared to other polymer-based additive manufacturing techniques, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF). However, reports on the evaluation of resin-dependency of the mechanical anisotropy obtained with VPP are scarce. Furthermore, the degree of anisotropy (DA) was quantified using different procedures. Here, six commercial resins were selected to evaluate how the DA correlates to the initial rate of polymerization (R<sub>P0</sub>), critical energy (E<sub>C</sub>), and penetration depth (D<sub>P</sub>) for materials with a broader range of properties. State-of-the-art procedures to calculate the degree of mechanical anisotropy are discussed, and an ideal method is proposed, namely, the ratio of the standard deviations related to the inter- and intra-layer forces: DA=(sd<sub>inter</sub>/sd<sub>intra</sub>). The elastic modulus (<em>E</em>) was confirmed isotropic with the three resins that were previously reported. However, objects printed with the additional resins that polymerize at higher initial rates (R<sub>P0</sub> =72.1 mM/s) and with lower critical energies (E<sub>C</sub> = 0.36 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) appear more anisotropic. A linear trend was obtained for the scaling of the mechanical DA with R<sub>P0</sub>. Moreover, a logarithmic correlation between E<sub>C</sub> and the DA in <em>E</em> was found, which appears inappropriate for E<sub>C</sub> as a function of the DA in the maximum stress (σ<sub>Max</sub>). This study aims to spur research on the mechanisms underlying the dependence of the mechanical DA on the resin-curing behavior for objects fabricated by VPP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0