Accounts of materials research最新文献

{"title":"Functional Bis/Multimacrocyclic Materials Based on Cycloparaphenylene Carbon Nanorings","authors":"Xinyu Zhang, Youzhi Xu, Pingwu Du","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.4c00338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00338","url":null,"abstract":"Topologically unique nanocarbon materials with optoelectronic potential are both fascinating and challenging synthetic targets. Their distinctive molecular topologies often lead to chirality, unique optoelectronic properties, and encapsulation capabilities, stimulating advances in synthetic chemistry and materials science. The research on curved nanocarbon materials has garnered substantial interest due to the intricate relationship between their π-conjugation and molecular geometry, as well as their emerging applications in various fields. The introduction of curvature significantly affects the redox behaviors, optical properties, charge-transport capabilities, and self-assembly processes of these nanocarbon materials. The representative examples of curved aromatic systems are cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and related carbon nanorings. In these molecules, the nonplanar aromatic structures can induce unique radial π-conjugation and further endow them with distinctive photophysical properties. By adjusting the number of benzene rings in a CPP or incorporating diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon units, researchers can finely tune the optical and electronic properties of these nanostructures. Many potential applications can be discovered in the fields of fluorescent probes, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and optoelectronic devices. These properties establish CPP as an important scaffold to create novel carbon nanostructures. With the ongoing advancements in molecular topology, new opportunities are emerging within the fields of materials science, molecular electronics, and biomedicine. Given the exceptional electronic and photophysical properties of CPPs, there has been considerable interest in the development of topologically intriguing bis/multimacrocyclic architectures. It is anticipated that high dimensionality and unexplored topologies will endow these bis/multimacrocycles with unparalleled physical and chemical properties. This concise Account highlights recent developments from our research group on topologically functional materials based on CPP carbon nanorings, particularly their potential applications. Our discussion focuses on (i) the design and synthesis of a series of fully <i>sp</i><sup>2</sup>-hybridized all-benzenoid bismacrocycles, as well as [n]cycloparaphenylene-pillar[5]arene bismacrocycles; (ii) the construction of all-CPP-based long π-extended polymeric segments of the armchair SWCNT; and (iii) the synthesis of CPP-based mechanically interlocked molecules, specifically [12]CPP-[3]catenane. Structures like these CPP-based bis/multimacrocyclic architectures exhibit distinct properties─including radial π-conjugation, supramolecular properties, chirality, and unexpected dual-emissive and anti-Kasha photophysical characteristics due to their nonplanar geometries─that allow precise tuning of their HOMO–LUMO gap, emission profiles, and charge-transport behaviors. These properties make them promising for applications in OLEDs","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-Optical Microfluidic Technology Enabled by Photodeformable Linear Liquid Crystal Polymers","authors":"Lixin Jiang, Lang Qin, Feng Pan and Yanlei Yu*, ","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.4c0031810.1021/accountsmr.4c00318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00318https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00318","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The microfluidic biochemical/immunoassay systems typically consist of microfluidic chips, fluid driving devices, and detection components. The core of the system is the microfluidic chips based on microfluidic technology, which are typically constructed with nonresponsive materials such as silicon, glass, and rigid plastics, thus requiring complex external air/liquid pumps to manipulate the samples. The external equipment renders the microfluidic systems cumbersome and increases the risk of biosample contamination. The all-optical microfluidic chip (AOMC) integrates all necessary microfluidic units and uses light to manipulate microfluids, which has the potential to completely solve the major problems of miniaturization and integration in microfluidic systems. The photocontrolled manipulation in AOMCs facilitates contactless interaction with liquids, eliminating the need for physical interconnects such as complex external electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic devices and replacing the traditional microfluidic components such as pumps, mixers, and separators, which offers AOMCs improved flexibility, robustness, and portability. However, impeded by photocontrolled principles and appropriate materials, AOMCs and photocontrolled biochemical/immunoassay analyzers have never been created.</p><p >This Account highlights our efforts toward the new conception of all-optical microfluidic technology enabled by photodeformable linear liquid crystal polymers (LLCPs). We propose a novel mechanism to drive microfluids by the photoinduced Laplace pressure (asymmetric capillary force) and construct the first photodeformable 3D channel with newly designed photodeformable LLCPs possessing superior processability and photodeformability. The attenuated light is utilized to precisely control the axial asymmetric deformation of the 3D channels, which generates Laplace pressure, driving the fluids spontaneously toward the narrow end of the microtubes. Consequently, the photodeformable 3D channel integrates dual functions of the fluid channel and the pump, which is suitable for the construction of AOMCs, the core components of all-optical microfluidic technology, and lays the foundation for the miniaturization of microfluidic systems. By replacing the conventional chip materials with the photodeformable LLCPs, we construct the AOMC for the first time and achieve noncontact, accurate, and efficient manipulation of microfluids using a single light source, which plays an important role in solving the core conundrum of the cumbersome external equipment in the microfluidic chip systems. The AOMCs provide a robust platform for biochemical analysis such as protein detection and the catalytic oxidation reaction with minimal sample consumption, reduced reaction times, and enhanced portability, thus demonstrating the potential in <i>in vitro</i> detection with the ultratrace sample. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and opportunities inherent to all-optical microfluidic","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"6 3","pages":"274–284 274–284"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-Optical Microfluidic Technology Enabled by Photodeformable Linear Liquid Crystal Polymers","authors":"Lixin Jiang, Lang Qin, Feng Pan, Yanlei Yu","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.4c00318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00318","url":null,"abstract":"The microfluidic biochemical/immunoassay systems typically consist of microfluidic chips, fluid driving devices, and detection components. The core of the system is the microfluidic chips based on microfluidic technology, which are typically constructed with nonresponsive materials such as silicon, glass, and rigid plastics, thus requiring complex external air/liquid pumps to manipulate the samples. The external equipment renders the microfluidic systems cumbersome and increases the risk of biosample contamination. The all-optical microfluidic chip (AOMC) integrates all necessary microfluidic units and uses light to manipulate microfluids, which has the potential to completely solve the major problems of miniaturization and integration in microfluidic systems. The photocontrolled manipulation in AOMCs facilitates contactless interaction with liquids, eliminating the need for physical interconnects such as complex external electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic devices and replacing the traditional microfluidic components such as pumps, mixers, and separators, which offers AOMCs improved flexibility, robustness, and portability. However, impeded by photocontrolled principles and appropriate materials, AOMCs and photocontrolled biochemical/immunoassay analyzers have never been created.","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for the Construction of Smart Windows, Sensors, and Actuators","authors":"Keunhyuk Ryu, Gang Li, Keyi Zhang, Jianguo Guan, Yi Long, ZhiLi Dong","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.5c00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.5c00007","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoresponsive hydrogels possess an inherent capacity for autonomous adjustment of their properties in response to temperature variations, eliminating the requirement for external power sources and rendering them suitable for diverse environmental applications. Our discourse commences by establishing a foundational comprehension of the two principal categories governing thermal transitions in thermoresponsive hydrogels, namely, the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) and the Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST). These thermal transitions, LCST and UCST, are pivotal determinants of the physical characteristics and reactivity of hydrogels, as they regulate the response and deformations of temperature-sensitive hydrogels across varying environmental conditions. Moreover, the integration of these hydrogels within the photonic crystal (PC) structures has emerged as a notable approach to modulating dielectric constants or lattice configurations, leading to color change. Due to these remarkable properties, thermoresponsive hydrogels have garnered significant research attention for various smart material applications, including energy-saving technologies, environmental and biometric sensing, and control systems. Despite these distinctive features driving extensive research in smart materials areas, challenges persist due to the inherent water-rich composition and compromised mechanical integrity of hydrogels. These limitations impede their deployment in extreme temperature conditions and make them susceptible to mechanical stress. To address these challenges, innovative strategies, including entanglement-induced reinforcement, incorporation of antifreeze agents, and the application of polyvalent metal ions, have been devised to bolster mechanical robustness and enhance the desired performance metrics of hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of Flexible Thermoelectric Fibers by Thermal Drawing Techniques","authors":"Pengyu Zhang,  and , Ting Zhang*, ","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.4c0034310.1021/accountsmr.4c00343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00343https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00343","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wearable devices are increasingly being used to prevent diseases and to enhance physical health. However, this advancement comes with the challenge of high power consumption. Existing portable power storage or generation solutions often fail to meet the requirements for uninterrupted power supply, compact size, light weight, and low noise. Thermoelectric materials have emerged as a promising solution for portable energy supplies due to their ability to directly convert body heat into electricity. These materials not only provide clean energy for wearable devices but also support solid-state refrigeration, temperature sensing, and monitoring functions. Nevertheless, conventional inorganic materials with high thermoelectric properties face several challenges, such as brittleness, poor postprocessing capabilities, large size, complex preparation procedures, and high cost, limiting their suitability for heat sources with irregular surfaces. Conversely, while organic thermoelectric materials are more flexible, they exhibit weak thermoelectric performance and cannot meet the growing power demands of modern wearable devices. Recently, through thermal drawing technology, high-performance inorganic materials can be fabricated into flexible thermoelectric fibers, combining excellent thermoelectric properties with flexibility. These fibers are capable of harvesting waste heat to generate electricity, assisting in body temperature regulation, and measuring the temperature of irregular heat sources, thereby meeting the requirements of wearable devices. Wearable fabric devices woven from inorganic thermoelectric fibers retain the thermoelectric efficiency of bulk inorganic materials while offering additional benefits such as washability, fatigue resistance, portability, and the potential for large-scale and low-cost production. These advantages enable wearable thermoelectric devices to operate effectively in diverse and challenging environments. However, current commercial equipment is difficult to accurately measure micrometer/nanometer-scale fiber thermoelectric fibers. Herein, we have developed an in situ measurement system for the thermoelectric properties of micro/nanoscale materials, which can perform integrated in situ testing of the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity of thermoelectric fibers, reducing the measurement uncertainty compared to measuring multiple parameters for multiple samples separately.</p><p >This Account primarily summarizes our efforts to enhance the performance of flexible thermoelectric fibers produced by the thermal drawing technique and demonstrates the practical applications of these materials. By preparing fibrous inorganic materials with varying elemental compositions and microstructures and developing an in situ measurement system for characterizing thermoelectric properties of micro/nanoscale fiber materials, we have investigated and analyzed fibers with diverse thermoelectric properti","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"6 3","pages":"306–315 306–315"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of Flexible Thermoelectric Fibers by Thermal Drawing Techniques","authors":"Pengyu Zhang, Ting Zhang","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.4c00343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00343","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable devices are increasingly being used to prevent diseases and to enhance physical health. However, this advancement comes with the challenge of high power consumption. Existing portable power storage or generation solutions often fail to meet the requirements for uninterrupted power supply, compact size, light weight, and low noise. Thermoelectric materials have emerged as a promising solution for portable energy supplies due to their ability to directly convert body heat into electricity. These materials not only provide clean energy for wearable devices but also support solid-state refrigeration, temperature sensing, and monitoring functions. Nevertheless, conventional inorganic materials with high thermoelectric properties face several challenges, such as brittleness, poor postprocessing capabilities, large size, complex preparation procedures, and high cost, limiting their suitability for heat sources with irregular surfaces. Conversely, while organic thermoelectric materials are more flexible, they exhibit weak thermoelectric performance and cannot meet the growing power demands of modern wearable devices. Recently, through thermal drawing technology, high-performance inorganic materials can be fabricated into flexible thermoelectric fibers, combining excellent thermoelectric properties with flexibility. These fibers are capable of harvesting waste heat to generate electricity, assisting in body temperature regulation, and measuring the temperature of irregular heat sources, thereby meeting the requirements of wearable devices. Wearable fabric devices woven from inorganic thermoelectric fibers retain the thermoelectric efficiency of bulk inorganic materials while offering additional benefits such as washability, fatigue resistance, portability, and the potential for large-scale and low-cost production. These advantages enable wearable thermoelectric devices to operate effectively in diverse and challenging environments. However, current commercial equipment is difficult to accurately measure micrometer/nanometer-scale fiber thermoelectric fibers. Herein, we have developed an in situ measurement system for the thermoelectric properties of micro/nanoscale materials, which can perform integrated in situ testing of the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity of thermoelectric fibers, reducing the measurement uncertainty compared to measuring multiple parameters for multiple samples separately.","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143084134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for the Construction of Smart Windows, Sensors, and Actuators","authors":"Keunhyuk Ryu, Gang Li, Keyi Zhang, Jianguo Guan*, Yi Long* and ZhiLi Dong*, ","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.5c0000710.1021/accountsmr.5c00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.5c00007https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.5c00007","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Thermoresponsive hydrogels possess an inherent capacity for autonomous adjustment of their properties in response to temperature variations, eliminating the requirement for external power sources and rendering them suitable for diverse environmental applications. Our discourse commences by establishing a foundational comprehension of the two principal categories governing thermal transitions in thermoresponsive hydrogels, namely, the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) and the Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST). These thermal transitions, LCST and UCST, are pivotal determinants of the physical characteristics and reactivity of hydrogels, as they regulate the response and deformations of temperature-sensitive hydrogels across varying environmental conditions. Moreover, the integration of these hydrogels within the photonic crystal (PC) structures has emerged as a notable approach to modulating dielectric constants or lattice configurations, leading to color change. Due to these remarkable properties, thermoresponsive hydrogels have garnered significant research attention for various smart material applications, including energy-saving technologies, environmental and biometric sensing, and control systems. Despite these distinctive features driving extensive research in smart materials areas, challenges persist due to the inherent water-rich composition and compromised mechanical integrity of hydrogels. These limitations impede their deployment in extreme temperature conditions and make them susceptible to mechanical stress. To address these challenges, innovative strategies, including entanglement-induced reinforcement, incorporation of antifreeze agents, and the application of polyvalent metal ions, have been devised to bolster mechanical robustness and enhance the desired performance metrics of hydrogels.</p><p >This Account provides readers with comprehensive insights into recent advancements in the field of thermoresponsive hydrogels, with a primary focus on classifying hydrogel categories and elucidating innovative fabrication techniques, particularly with reference to research conducted by our research groups. We systematically expound upon the underlying principles that govern reactions contingent upon thermal transition categories, underscored by illustrative examples of representative hydrogels and the synthetic methodologies employed. Following this, we conduct a comprehensive review of recent innovative property enhancement strategies aimed at broadening the applicability and utility in practical contexts of thermoresponsive hydrogel, addressing existing challenges such as drying, freezing, mechanical properties, and durability. Subsequently, an extensive analysis of applications stemming from the realm of thermoresponsive hydrogels is undertaken with a focus on the latest research trends and accomplishments pertaining to the innovative utilization of these materials in domains such as smart windows, actuators, and se","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"6 3","pages":"379–392 379–392"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/accountsmr.5c00007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Block Copolymer Based Porous Carbon Fiber─Synthesis, Processing, and Applications","authors":"Adeel Zia, Yue Zhang, Akshara Paras Parekh and Guoliang Liu*, ","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.4c0040410.1021/accountsmr.4c00404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00404https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00404","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Carbon is an abundant material with remarkable thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Each allotrope has unique structures, properties, functionalities, and corresponding applications. Over the past few decades, various types of carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, and carbon fibers have been produced, finding applications in energy conversion and storage, water treatment, sensing, polymer composites, and biomedical fields. Among these carbon materials, porous carbons are highly interesting owing to their large surface areas and massive active sites to interact with molecules, ions, and other chemical species. The pore size and pore size distributions can be tunable (micro-, meso-, and macro-pores), providing chemical species with hierarchical structures to transport with low resistances. In this context, designing carbon precursors and preparing porous carbon with desired structures, properties, and functionalities are highly significant.</p><p >Polymers are versatile carbon precursors. Designing the polymer precursors that facilitate the formation of well-controlled pores is an effective strategy to prepare porous carbons. In particular, porous carbon fibers (PCFs) in a fibrous format offer additional features of hierarchical porosity control, increased surface area, and fast ion transport. The most common approach to synthesizing PCFs is to use sacrificial agents (e.g., homopolymers of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), inorganic nanoparticles, and other additives) in a matrix of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the carbon fiber precursor. However, the nonuniform mixing of sacrificial agents in the PAN matrix results in PCFs with nonuniform pores and wide pore size distributions. Moreover, complete removal of the inorganic additives is challenging and sometimes requires the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, developing innovative methods for synthesizing PCFs is imperative to advance these engineering materials for emerging applications.</p><p >In this Account, we summarize our efforts on the use of block copolymer precursors to prepare PCFs with tunable pore sizes and pore size distributions for a series of applications. First, we will introduce the synthesis methodologies for preparing PCFs. We have used reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to synthesize block copolymer precursors. Second, we will discuss the effects of preparation conditions on the properties of PCFs. The mechanical and electrical properties highly depend on the composition of the block copolymer, pyrolysis conditions, and humidity level during the fiber spinning process. Lastly, we will discuss the effects of controlled porosity on the surface area, electrical/ionic conductivity, and polymer-matrix interactions, which are crucial for applications including energy storage (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors), fiber-reinforced polymer composites, separation, and fil","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"6 3","pages":"366–378 366–378"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing High-Performance Heterogeneous Catalysts through Interface Engineering on Metal–Organic Framework Platforms","authors":"Bo Li, Jian-Gong Ma* and Peng Cheng*, ","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.4c0036710.1021/accountsmr.4c00367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00367https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00367","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heterogeneous catalysis has pushed the modern chemical industry to an unprecedented level of development, especially in the past century, where catalytic processes have made significant contributions to the prosperity of the global economy and the modernization of human lifestyles. 80% of chemical processes involve catalytic technology. From the production of fertilizers and the synthesis of high-performance polymers to the development of anticancer drugs, catalysts mediate the occurrence of these chemical processes. Developing efficient, stable, and low-energy heterogeneous catalysts is the key to a sustainable future. Most industrial heterogeneous catalysts typically load highly dispersed active components at the nanoscale onto porous solid supports, which have a large specific surface area. Among the numerous candidates for porous materials, the construction of high-performance heterogeneous catalyst systems through interface engineering on metal–organic framework (MOF) platforms has recently received great attention. Compared with traditional porous materials, MOFs provide a huge active interface for catalytic reactions due to their large specific surface area and porosity. Their extraordinary skeleton structure provides many possibilities for integrating various functional building blocks. At the same time, as crystalline materials with diverse structures, their well-defined atomically precise structure provides an ideal platform for customized design and synthesis of catalysts as well as in-depth exploration of the structure–activity relationship between the structure of catalyst and the catalytic performance. After more than a decade of development, interface engineering has played a significant role in the development of MOF-based heterogeneous catalysts. Therefore, it is timely to summarize the latest developments in this field, which will provide guidance for future research and achieve green, low-carbon, and sustainable modern industries.</p><p >In this Account, we present a summary of our recent achievements in constructing MOF-based heterogeneous catalysts through interface engineering. Starting from the unique advantages of the structure and function of MOFs and their efficient synergistic effects with guest components, we systematically highlight the construction of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts through interface engineering, using fundamental principles, synthesis strategies, and structure–activity relationships in specific catalytic reactions. First, we introduce the construction of efficient catalytic active interfaces between metal/metal oxide nanoparticles and MOFs. Then, we discuss the synthesis of molecular catalyst-MOF composite catalysts and the significant improvement in catalytic activity due to the host–guest interactions between them. In the third part, we focus on the modification of the surface structure of MOFs through their inherent adjustability. Finally, the current challenges and future outlooks o","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"6 4","pages":"411–421 411–421"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Block Copolymer Based Porous Carbon Fiber─Synthesis, Processing, and Applications","authors":"Adeel Zia, Yue Zhang, Akshara Paras Parekh, Guoliang Liu","doi":"10.1021/accountsmr.4c00404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.4c00404","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon is an abundant material with remarkable thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Each allotrope has unique structures, properties, functionalities, and corresponding applications. Over the past few decades, various types of carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, and carbon fibers have been produced, finding applications in energy conversion and storage, water treatment, sensing, polymer composites, and biomedical fields. Among these carbon materials, porous carbons are highly interesting owing to their large surface areas and massive active sites to interact with molecules, ions, and other chemical species. The pore size and pore size distributions can be tunable (micro-, meso-, and macro-pores), providing chemical species with hierarchical structures to transport with low resistances. In this context, designing carbon precursors and preparing porous carbon with desired structures, properties, and functionalities are highly significant.","PeriodicalId":72040,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of materials research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}