[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"[Changes in attitudes toward suicide after brief gatekeeper education: Findings from population-based repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted among middle-aged and older adults].","authors":"Hirofumi Oyama, Yuko Harima, Tomoe Sakashita, Hisanaga Sasaki, Haruka Oyama, Yoshimi Maguchi","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-021","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　This study aimed to investigate changes in attitudes toward suicide following a universal home visitation program that included a brief face-to-face educational session focusing on gatekeeper roles in Japan.Methods　Between 2015 and 2017, members of 169 households in an intervention district from a northern Japanese township were invited to attend an educational session during home visits. The participation rate was 72.8%, with 94.5% of the participants aged over 40. Repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys were conducted among adults in the towns in 2015 and 2021. Data from the surveys, focusing on individuals aged 40-79 years and residing in the intervention and matched control districts (where no visits occurred and only information was distributed through leaflets), were used to assess the prevalence of self-reported views toward suicide. The self-reported views encompassed \"no substantial thoughts,\" \"inevitable,\" \"shameful,\" \"annoying,\" \"tragic,\" \"must be managed,\" and \"romantic\" in addition to personal and perceived stigma, depressive symptoms (assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6), and suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze linear trends in the proportion of views that exhibited changes.Results　Participation rates were 61.8% (n ＝ 357) in 2015 and 52.8% (n ＝ 257) in 2021. The intervention group showed a significant difference in the prevalence of the \"inevitable\" view between baseline and 4-year follow-up (P ＝ 0.026). Marginal pre-post differences were observed among the two types of stigma; however, the symptoms remained unchanged. A marginally significant difference in the change of the \"inevitable\" view was observed between the two groups. In the follow-up, more knowledgeable respondents in the intervention group were less likely to view suicide as \"inevitable,\" a trend not seen in the control group.Conclusions　The universal home visitation program, including a face-to-face session focusing on the gatekeeper role, was associated with a decreased prevalence of the \"inevitable\" attitude between the baseline and 4-year follow-up among community-dwelling adults aged 40-79. This suggests that face-to-face interactions with healthcare professionals can reduce the tendency to condone suicide among middle-aged and older adults in community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cross-sectional study of factors related to declining participation in community gathering places providing communal meals: A social marketing framework].","authors":"Tatsunosuke Gomi, Keiko Motokawa, Maki Shirobe, Masanori Iwasaki, Ayako Edahiro, Shuichi Obuchi, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Hidenori Arai, Shuichi Awata, Hirohiko Hirano","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-003","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　While Community gathering places known as \"kayoi-no-ba\" providing communal meals play a crucial role in promoting the health of older adults, the researches supporting their operations and maintenance is limited. Social marketing has been successful in implementing strategic public health programs. This study aimed to identify factors associated with declining participation in kayoi-no-ba providing communal meals using a social marketing framework based on the 4Ps marketing mix (product, promotion, place, and price).Methods　In November 2019, this cross-sectional study surveyed kayoi-no-ba providing communal meals nationwide via a mail. A total of 580 kayoi-no-ba organizers with complete data participated. Changes in the number of participants were assessed using a questionnaire in order to determine the decrease since their establishment. Survey items were organized based on the 4Ps marketing mix framework and treated as independent variables. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was conducted with participant decrease as the dependent variable, and prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated. The opening period and the number of participants at the time of the survey were included as covariates.Results　A total of 154 kayoi-no-ba experienced the decline in participants (26.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed the following. For product variables, a high frequency of monthly events was significantly associated with a lower PR for participant decrease (0.92). Among promotion variables, kayoi-no-ba with a registration system had a significantly higher PR for participant decrease (1.49). For place variables, a higher population density in the region was significantly associated with a lower PR (0.90), whereas a higher ratio of the population aged 65 years and older was significantly associated with a higher PR (1.05). The price variables did not show a significant association with the decrease in participants.Conclusions　Except price, the other three marketing 4Ps were significantly associated with decreases in participants at kayoi-no-ba providing communal meals. Future efforts should focus on developing and evaluating kayoi-no-ba strategies to ensure sustained participant engagement and promote the health of older adults through communal meals.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Possibility of diffusion and challenges of a frailty prevention class hosted by older adults: Efforts by the Saitama Prefecture Silver Human Resources Center Federation Headquarters].","authors":"Yu Nofuji, Shoji Shinkai, Yosuke Osuka, Satoshi Seino, Miki Narita, Kumiko Nonaka, Yuri Yokoyama, Shizue Hagiwara, Toshie Fujikura, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Hiroshi Murayama","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-069","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Since 2018, the Saitama Prefecture Silver Human Resources Center (SHRC) Federation Headquarters and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology has attempted to diffuse a business model in which SHRC members are compensated for operating a frailty prevention class. This activity report clarifies these efforts, examines the feasibility of diffusing this model based on each SHRC's project implementation status, and summarizes the relevant issues.Methods　To promote the commercialization of classes, all 58 SHRCs in Saitama Prefecture were offered (1) class programs comprising a multifactorial program (exercise, nutrition, and social interactions) and teaching materials, (2) training courses for frailty prevention supporters who manage the classes (three days × four blocks/year), (3) project information exchange meetings (held once annually), and (4) consultation support for project implementation. A questionnaire survey on the project implementation status was conducted among SHRC employees to evaluate the possibility of project diffusion based on adoption, implementation, and continuation. Furthermore, project implementation issues were categorized using free descriptions as codes to create subcategories based on content and categories based on subcategory similarities.Results　Regarding adoption, among the 58 SHRCs, 43 (74.1%) participated in training courses for frailty prevention supporters and 34 (58.6%) implemented the project from 2018 onwards. Regarding implementation, 23 (39.7%) SHRCs provided rewards to frailty prevention supporters (67.6% of the SHRC that implemented the project). Regarding continuation, 21 of the 28 SHRCs (75.0%) that began the project by 2021 continued it for two years or longer. Moreover, implementation challenges related to project initiation, supporters, new entrants, and class management were categorized.Conclusions　More than half of the SHRCs implemented the project, 40% of SHRC provided rewards for frailty prevention supporters, and 75% of SHRCs that implemented the project continued working on it. Hence, the model may be extended to other regions. However, four issues have been identified. The model is likely to have a ripple effect, increasing the number of individuals involved in community frailty prevention and creating attractive employment opportunities for the elderly. We intend to address these challenges and disseminate our model further.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"42-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A review of the literature on sedentary behavior].","authors":"Mikako Yasuoka, Takashi Nakagata, Yosuke Yamada, Koichiro Oka, Shigeru Inoue, Rei Ono","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-057","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sedentary behavior (such as sitting, watching TV, and driving) is characterized by little physical movement and low energy expenditure (≤1.5 metabolic equivalents). Previous studies have shown associations between sedentary behavior and adverse outcomes, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and death. This study is a narrative review that aims to summarize the assessment tools for sedentary behavior as well as the association between sedentary behavior and adverse health outcomes. Additionally, guidelines for future research on sedentary behavior are discussed.Sedentary behavior is assessed using subjective methods such as questionnaire responses or objective methods such as accelerometer readings. Although questionnaire methods have low validity, they allow researchers to collect information regarding the purpose or occasion of physical activity at a low cost. Accelerometers are expensive but collect precise information on the duration of sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior is a risk factor for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and associated mortality. The association between sedentary behavior and some diseases such as cancer type have been reported. Previous studies have found a dose-response relationship between sedentary time and adverse outcomes. Research on the associations between sedentary behavior and the subtypes of stroke, heart disease, and orthopedic diseases is insufficient; further studies are needed to clarify these associations. Recently, sedentary behavior has been the focus of guidelines in some countries because of increasing evidence on its adverse consequences. Intervention studies have shown that taking breaks and replacing sedentary behavior with vigorous or high-intensity physical activity benefit the health of participants. Future studies are needed to examine the cutoff values of sitting time that reduce the risk of morbidity for each disease and the health effects of interventions that shorten sitting time.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Practice and evaluation of the suicide prevention gatekeeper training program incorporating dialogue].","authors":"Takuya Nakagawa, Taichi Narita, Youtaro Katsumata","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-023","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　This study aimed to examine the practice and evaluation of the suicide prevention gatekeeper training program incorporating dialogue conducted as part of a comprehensive suicide prevention project.Methods　To provide individual support for suicide prevention, supporters' flexibility should be improved. The Niigata City Mental Health Center aims to improve traditional lecture-based human resource development programs for suicide prevention. In fiscal year (FY) 2017, we developed a \"Gatekeeper Training Textbook for Suicide Prevention\" that incorporates dialogue. Training programs using this textbook have been conducted since FY 2018. A self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to 975 participants in training programs from FY 2018-2022. The survey included the type of institution, understanding of responding to suicide risk, decrease/no decrease in difficulty in responding to suicide risk, and opinions and impressions of the programs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the difference in the proportions of decrease/no decrease in difficulty in responding to suicide risk by institutions was examined. Descriptions of the program's learning and awareness were analyzed qualitatively.Results　There were 761 (78.1%) respondents. Regarding their understanding of responding to suicide risk, 95.9% of the respondents answered, \"I understood better.\" Questions about the decrease/no decrease in difficulty in responding to suicide risk revealed that youth- and child-rearing support institutions scored higher than other institutions, whereas school-related institutions scored lower than other institutions regarding the rate of decrease in \"2; asking individuals who have self-harmed about their wounds,\" \"4; appropriately assessing the urgency of suicide risk,\" \"6; asking about their desire to die,\" and \"7; asking about their plans to commit suicide.\" Comments and opinions about the program were divided into four categories.Conclusion　We have developed a new method for suicide prevention gatekeeper training that incorporates dialogue and involves training with various community supporters. The number of respondents who answered that the difficulty decreased regarding receptive responses and cooperation with other institutions increased after training. Additionally, the respondents' understanding of their responses and cooperation were reported in free-written descriptions. However, training content and evaluation methods that match each organization's characteristics should be considered because there were differences in the tendency of decreases in difficulty after training between institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Core values and competencies of public health nurses: A Delphi survey].","authors":"Reiko Okamoto, Emiko Kishi, Tamami Matsumoto, Yuka Dai, Sachiyo Murashima, Kiyomi Asahara, Kazuko Saeki, Mikako Arakida, Aya Iguchi, Hisako Izumi, Saori Iwamoto, Masayuki Endo, Yuichi Karakawa, Sachi Sakata, Yoshimi Furuhashi, Kaori Maeda, Michiko Matsubara, Yasuko Mitsumori, Riho Iwasaki-Motegi, Fumiko Yoshimura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-026","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　This study aimed to clarify the core values and competencies of public health nurses (PHNs) who contribute to improve health issues in transitioning societies, based on a consensus among PHN-related organizations, including practitioners and education researchers.Methods　A draft defining the core values and competencies of PHNs was developed through five consultation sessions with 20 executives and nominees of organizations in each area of PHN practice, education, and research to collect, categorize, and refine the items. The expert panel comprised 534 nominees from six PHN-related organizations, and three rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted. The consensus criteria were ≥70% for agreement and ≥80% for firm agreement.Results　In the first round, 272 expert panel nominees (50.9%) responded, and 217 responded in all rounds. The draft was revised based on the feedback from each round. By round 3, >90% agreed on the core value and competency frameworks and definitions.Conclusion　The Delphi survey revealed the three core value frameworks and definitions of \"social justice in health,\" \"human rights and autonomy,\" and \"health and safety\" and eight core competencies of \"professional autonomy and responsibility,\" \"scientific research and use of information science and technology,\" \"population-based assessment and analysis,\" \"practices for health enhancement and prevention,\" \"building systems to improve public health,\" \"management of healthy community development,\" \"person/community-centered collaboration and cooperation,\" and \"communication for consensus and solutions,\" with a firm agreement. Eventually, these frameworks would be the bases for creating national standards of practice, education, and research to satisfy the consensus levels of PHNs and PHN-related organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"745-755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between the uptake rates of countermeasure-type colorectal cancer screening, new cancer detection indices, and number of municipal public health nurses: An ecological study].","authors":"Koji Hirata, Seiki Nagao, Sayaka Tabuchi, Mihoko Okura, Mikiko Ito","doi":"10.11236/jph.23-086","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.23-086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　We conducted an ecological analysis of the structures and processes of municipalities implementing countermeasure-type colorectal cancer screening services, which are associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. We analyzed the populations' demographic characteristics, number of public health nurses (PHNs), and human base for such services. The process was evaluated using the screening uptake rates for countermeasure-type cancer screening and detection indices.Methods　The data included municipal population figures, areas, and national health insurance enrolments, all sourced from a government statistics portal (e-Stat). We obtained the number of PHNs per 100,000 population from PHN activity area surveys, information on municipal colorectal cancer screening from public health centers (PHCs) and health promotion project reports, and cancer detection indices from the National Cancer Registry data. The analysis covered 1,234 municipalities with populations of ≥10,000 and ≥50,000, categorized into three groups based on the presence of PHCs. The internal structures were compared using multiple regression analysis.Results　The number of PHNs per 100,000 population was categorized as follows; <50,000 population group (42.9), ≥50,000 population group (24.3), and PHC-present city group (16.4).Among these groups, the mass and individual screening rates were 96.2% and 47.7%, 69.1% and 91.5%, and 83.7% and 69.9%, respectively. The average uptake rates of countermeasure-type screenings and detailed examinations were 10.6-13.7% and 68.4-75.3%, respectively. In both cases, the <50,000 population and PHC-present city groups exhibited high and low values, respectively. However, the proportion of patients with \"early cancer\" detection was approximately 42% in all groups.Multiple regression analysis, using the countermeasure-type screening uptake rate and colorectal cancer detection indices as dependent variables, revealed that in the <50,000 population group, in which mass screening was prevalent, the number of PHNs was significantly positively correlated with the countermeasure-type screening uptake rate and proportion of \"new cancers\" detected by screening.Contrastingly, the PHC-present city group showed no correlation between the number of PHNs and countermeasure-type screening uptake rate, but a highly detailed examination uptake rate was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of \"early cancer\" detection.Conclusion　In municipalities without PHCs, countermeasure-type screening uptake rates, particularly mass screening rates, were positively correlated with the number of PHNs and cancer detection indices. In cities with PHCs, in which individual screening was prevalent, the detailed examination uptake rate through countermeasure-type screening was correlated with detection indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"735-744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[How smokers perceive pictorial and non-pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages: An online survey].","authors":"Erina Iwase, Hiroshi Yamato, Takahiro Tabuchi, Kayo Togawa, Kota Katanoda, Masakazu Nakamura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-009","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　This study aimed to evaluate Japanese smokers' perceptions of health warnings on tobacco packaging by comparing text-only and pictorial warnings.Methods　Data were sourced from the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS), an online, self-reported study conducted in February and March 2020. Participants included current smokers aged 15-74 years in Japan (n＝2,372). Perceptions regarding five packaging samples were assessed: the old package (text-only warning covering 30% of the pack's front and back before April 2020), the current package (text-only warning covering 50% of the pack's front and back), and three packages with pictorial warnings covering 50% of the front and back. Respondents were asked four questions on a 5-point Likert scale regarding the effectiveness of these warnings in terms of discouraging young people from starting to smoke, encouraging them to quit, communicating the dangers of smoking, and comfort level with the warnings. A t-test was conducted to compare each pair of packages.Results　There were no significant differences observed between the \"text only 30%\" and \"text only 50%\" packages in terms of preventing young individuals from starting to smoke, encouraging quitting, or communicating the dangers of smoking (P＝0.740-0.987). Conversely, packages with pictorial warnings were perceived as more effective than text-only packages (P＜0.01) in all aspects. A significant difference was observed in the respondents' perceptions of comfort levels with the packages, with the pictorial ones deemed more uncomfortable (P＜0.01).Conclusion　The findings indicated that pictorial health warnings are significantly associated with increased awareness of smoking risks, motivation to quit smoking, and prevention of smoking initiation among young people. Accordingly, Japan should consider adopting pictorial health warnings in accordance with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"756-765"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of border control measures on public health center operations and staffing at international airports during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of concern].","authors":"Naomi Seki, Ai Mikami, Takako Kokufu, Tazuru Kusaka, Kayoko Yamaguchi, Chika Takahashi, Takashi Izuno, Tomoya Saito","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-015","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　Ota City, located in southeastern Tokyo, including Haneda Tokyo International Airport, has numerous scattered lodging facilities. Shortly after the first case of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant was reported abroad, the Japanese government strengthened border control measures, including quarantine procedures and public health official involvement, for incoming travelers. This study aims to propose effective and efficient border control measures to prevent future outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.Methods　Border control measures implemented between November 2021 and mid-January 2022 were analyzed from three perspectives: chronological changes in government notifications, the situation of in-flight contacts and Omicron cases, and the support system for coronavirus-disease 2019 control department of the Ota City Public Health Center. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted among public health centers with jurisdiction over the top four international airports. This survey aimed to assess the effectiveness of the support system, evaluate cooperation with related organizations, identify common issues faced by public health concerns, and gather suggestions for improvements in future border control measures.Results　The definition and treatment of in-flight contacts of Omicron-positive individuals were initially outlined on November 30, 2021, and underwent frequent revisions until January 14, 2022. Between December 1, 2021, and January 12, 2022, only one Omicron case was identified among the 470 tests conducted on in-flight contacts. However, out of 136 additional domestic specimens collected (including 57 positives for genetic analysis), 40 were confirmed Omicron positive. The results of the questionnaire survey across the four public health centers largely mirrored the issues and suggestions identified by Ota City officials. A significant portion of these issues arose from managing temporary non-Japanese residents staying near international airports.Conclusion　Border control measures should be implemented to delay the domestic spread of the virus. In this reason, it is crucial to avoid placing an undue burden on public health officials responsible for handling domestic infections. Since response policies and target definitions may need to adapt to unknown pathogens, they may be changed frequently, baffling the officials; however, a system for collecting real-time data from frontline sites and making evidence-based decisions is essential. Additionally, deploying liaisons from national and prefectural governments to focal points of emergency response would strengthen the support system by promoting unified instructions and information sharing.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"775-786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Relationship between changes in lifestyle and sleep duration due to the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in older adults: A cross-sectional study].","authors":"Hidehiko Yamada, Nobuaki Moriyama, Natsumi Okamoto, Chihiro Nakayama, Kayoko Sato, Hajime Iwasa, Seiji Yasumura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-033","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　In response to the spread of COVID-19, a state of emergency was declared on April 7, 2020. People were asked to stay at home unless necessary, and studies conducted in Japan and other countries have investigated the impact of these restrictions on the lives and health of older adults. While some studies have focused on sleep, a crucial aspect of the health of older adults, little is known about the relationship between sleep and various lifestyle changes experienced by older adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with changes in sleep duration among older adults before and after the spread of COVID-19.Methods　A random sample of 1,808 men and women aged 65-84 years who lived in Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan was selected. A self-administered anonymous survey was mailed to the participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with decreased sleep duration compared to the COVID-19 pre-pandemic. Factors such as basic attributes, lifestyle changes compared with that during pre-pandemic period, stress levels, and involvement with the community were considered in the analysis.Results　Of the 1,808 distributed surveys, 1,305 were returned (response rate: 72.2%). After excluding participants with missing data (n＝108), 1,197 responses were included in the final analysis (valid response rate: 66.2%). Among these, 155 participants (12.9%) reported decreased sleep duration. Decreased \"social activities/connectedness\" (odds ratio [OR]: 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54-4.22), reduced \"average duration of exercise on exercise days\" (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.38-5.24), and self-reported \"stress in the past month\" (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.43-4.06) were significantly associated with decreased sleep duration.Conclusion　The spread of COVID-19 was associated with decreased sleep duration among older adults. This decrease was linked to reduced social activity and participation, decreased exercise, and increased stress. To mitigate these effects, maintaining social participation and activities, scheduling regular and manageable exercise routines, and implementing effective stress management strategies while adhering to infection control practices are important.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"766-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}