[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"[How smokers perceive pictorial and non-pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages: An online survey].","authors":"Erina Iwase, Hiroshi Yamato, Takahiro Tabuchi, Kayo Togawa, Kota Katanoda, Masakazu Nakamura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-009","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　This study aimed to evaluate Japanese smokers' perceptions of health warnings on tobacco packaging by comparing text-only and pictorial warnings.Methods　Data were sourced from the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS), an online, self-reported study conducted in February and March 2020. Participants included current smokers aged 15-74 years in Japan (n＝2,372). Perceptions regarding five packaging samples were assessed: the old package (text-only warning covering 30% of the pack's front and back before April 2020), the current package (text-only warning covering 50% of the pack's front and back), and three packages with pictorial warnings covering 50% of the front and back. Respondents were asked four questions on a 5-point Likert scale regarding the effectiveness of these warnings in terms of discouraging young people from starting to smoke, encouraging them to quit, communicating the dangers of smoking, and comfort level with the warnings. A t-test was conducted to compare each pair of packages.Results　There were no significant differences observed between the \"text only 30%\" and \"text only 50%\" packages in terms of preventing young individuals from starting to smoke, encouraging quitting, or communicating the dangers of smoking (P＝0.740-0.987). Conversely, packages with pictorial warnings were perceived as more effective than text-only packages (P＜0.01) in all aspects. A significant difference was observed in the respondents' perceptions of comfort levels with the packages, with the pictorial ones deemed more uncomfortable (P＜0.01).Conclusion　The findings indicated that pictorial health warnings are significantly associated with increased awareness of smoking risks, motivation to quit smoking, and prevention of smoking initiation among young people. Accordingly, Japan should consider adopting pictorial health warnings in accordance with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"756-765"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of border control measures on public health center operations and staffing at international airports during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of concern].","authors":"Naomi Seki, Ai Mikami, Takako Kokufu, Tazuru Kusaka, Kayoko Yamaguchi, Chika Takahashi, Takashi Izuno, Tomoya Saito","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-015","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　Ota City, located in southeastern Tokyo, including Haneda Tokyo International Airport, has numerous scattered lodging facilities. Shortly after the first case of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant was reported abroad, the Japanese government strengthened border control measures, including quarantine procedures and public health official involvement, for incoming travelers. This study aims to propose effective and efficient border control measures to prevent future outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.Methods　Border control measures implemented between November 2021 and mid-January 2022 were analyzed from three perspectives: chronological changes in government notifications, the situation of in-flight contacts and Omicron cases, and the support system for coronavirus-disease 2019 control department of the Ota City Public Health Center. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted among public health centers with jurisdiction over the top four international airports. This survey aimed to assess the effectiveness of the support system, evaluate cooperation with related organizations, identify common issues faced by public health concerns, and gather suggestions for improvements in future border control measures.Results　The definition and treatment of in-flight contacts of Omicron-positive individuals were initially outlined on November 30, 2021, and underwent frequent revisions until January 14, 2022. Between December 1, 2021, and January 12, 2022, only one Omicron case was identified among the 470 tests conducted on in-flight contacts. However, out of 136 additional domestic specimens collected (including 57 positives for genetic analysis), 40 were confirmed Omicron positive. The results of the questionnaire survey across the four public health centers largely mirrored the issues and suggestions identified by Ota City officials. A significant portion of these issues arose from managing temporary non-Japanese residents staying near international airports.Conclusion　Border control measures should be implemented to delay the domestic spread of the virus. In this reason, it is crucial to avoid placing an undue burden on public health officials responsible for handling domestic infections. Since response policies and target definitions may need to adapt to unknown pathogens, they may be changed frequently, baffling the officials; however, a system for collecting real-time data from frontline sites and making evidence-based decisions is essential. Additionally, deploying liaisons from national and prefectural governments to focal points of emergency response would strengthen the support system by promoting unified instructions and information sharing.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"775-786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Relationship between changes in lifestyle and sleep duration due to the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in older adults: A cross-sectional study].","authors":"Hidehiko Yamada, Nobuaki Moriyama, Natsumi Okamoto, Chihiro Nakayama, Kayoko Sato, Hajime Iwasa, Seiji Yasumura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-033","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　In response to the spread of COVID-19, a state of emergency was declared on April 7, 2020. People were asked to stay at home unless necessary, and studies conducted in Japan and other countries have investigated the impact of these restrictions on the lives and health of older adults. While some studies have focused on sleep, a crucial aspect of the health of older adults, little is known about the relationship between sleep and various lifestyle changes experienced by older adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with changes in sleep duration among older adults before and after the spread of COVID-19.Methods　A random sample of 1,808 men and women aged 65-84 years who lived in Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan was selected. A self-administered anonymous survey was mailed to the participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with decreased sleep duration compared to the COVID-19 pre-pandemic. Factors such as basic attributes, lifestyle changes compared with that during pre-pandemic period, stress levels, and involvement with the community were considered in the analysis.Results　Of the 1,808 distributed surveys, 1,305 were returned (response rate: 72.2%). After excluding participants with missing data (n＝108), 1,197 responses were included in the final analysis (valid response rate: 66.2%). Among these, 155 participants (12.9%) reported decreased sleep duration. Decreased \"social activities/connectedness\" (odds ratio [OR]: 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54-4.22), reduced \"average duration of exercise on exercise days\" (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.38-5.24), and self-reported \"stress in the past month\" (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.43-4.06) were significantly associated with decreased sleep duration.Conclusion　The spread of COVID-19 was associated with decreased sleep duration among older adults. This decrease was linked to reduced social activity and participation, decreased exercise, and increased stress. To mitigate these effects, maintaining social participation and activities, scheduling regular and manageable exercise routines, and implementing effective stress management strategies while adhering to infection control practices are important.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"766-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Changes in roles and feelings among \"Kaigoyobou leaders\" responsible for community prevention activities over 10 years].","authors":"Hisashi Kawai, Atsushi Fukushima, Seigo Mitsutake, Manami Ejiri, Shuichi Obuchi","doi":"10.11236/jph.23-108","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.23-108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Community residents experience changes over time, including those in the care prevention system, governmental expectations, and their motivations. To support community-based prevention activities, it is necessary to clarify these changes. This study used a qualitative research method to examine changes in roles and feelings among \"Kaigoyobou leaders\" who had been involved in community-based care prevention activities for 10 years.Methods　The study participants were nine leaders (six men and three women) who had been active in community-based care prevention for approximately 10 years. Through one-hour semi-structured interviews, we explored their current activities, reasons for taking the leader training course, changes in the content of their activities since completing the course, changes in their roles in activities and feelings about the activities, and what they recognized as important in their activities. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. From the transcripts, we extracted \"concepts\" related to changes among the leaders and generated \"categories\" to summarize the concepts.Results　The analysis identified 28 concepts summarized into 12 categories. The categories included: \"belief in the activities\" (e.g., \"focusing on preventive effects\"), \"learning through trial and error\" (e.g., \"learning continuously\"), \"developing the activities\" (e.g., \"expanding the activities\"), \"commitment to the community\" (e.g., \"valuing connections with people involved in the activities\"), \"increasing required roles\" (e.g., \"taking consultations from juniors\"), \"relationship with the government\" (e.g., \"responding to requests from the government\"), \"benefits from the activities\" (e.g., \"receiving a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction from the activities\"), \"burden due to the activities\" (e.g., \"a shortage of group members\"), \"aging of stakeholders\" (e.g., \"increasing age of the participants\"), \"preparing for continuity\" (e.g., \"new people wishing to participate\"), \"considering ending activities\" (e.g., \"reducing activities due to increasing age of the leaders themselves\"), and \"impact of the coronavirus.\"Conclusion　Leaders' strong belief in their activities and their ability to adapt based on successful experiences were crucial. They responded effectively to environmental changes, including evolving government relationships. Fostering leadership belief, highlighting the benefits of activities, and supporting collaborative responses to environmental changes are essential for ongoing success.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"692-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Involvement of public health nurses in supporting mothers after maternity health checkups].","authors":"Ayaka Matsuoka, Keiko Yamazaki, Emiko Aoshima","doi":"10.11236/jph.23-091","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.23-091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　This study aimed to analyze and clarify the role of public health nurses (PHNs) in assisting mothers who need assistance during antenatal checkups.Methods　This study was conducted in core city, A. The study participants were PHNs who experienced supporting at least three mothers who required support during maternity health checkups. We interviewed the respondents about their observations, decision points, difficulties in coordination, and other aspects of support. Data were extracted from verbatim transcripts and analyzed inductively.Results　Sixteen PHNs participants had an average of 9.3 years of experience. The analysis included 10 categories, 43 subcategories, and four themes. PHNs connected with mothers early depending on the mothers' wants, based on information gathered during the gestational period (theme 1). PHNs make early telephone visits to mothers based on information obtained during the gestational period. If the mother did not respond to the initial visit, the PHNs attempted to establish contact through other means.PHNs carefully observed and assessed mothers' childcare routines and mental and physical conditions (theme 2). To assess the mothers' mental health status, they were interviewed in detail using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Determining the mother's condition was challenging; therefore, several PHNs conducted multiple visits and repeated the observations to achieve accurate assessments.The PHNs stayed close to their mothers and carefully supported them toward independence while assessing their progress (theme 3). PHNs established trusting relationships with mothers.PHNs served as coordinators in resolving problems and provided ongoing support in cooperation with medical institutions and related organizations (theme 4). The PHNs carefully coordinated consultations and encouraged mothers to consult psychiatrists if appropriate. Conclusion　Although PHNs provided attentive care to mothers requiring assistance, difficulties arise in accurately diagnosing postpartum depression and connecting mothers to psychiatric services. Guidelines that standardize the assessment of and responses to mental health issues are required. It is necessary to organize the problems faced by mothers and develop a system of cooperation among various organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"682-691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Telephone navigation and health check attendance among public assistance recipients: Lessons from two-year effort in Toyonaka City].","authors":"Daisuke Nishioka, Shoko Takemoto","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-037","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　Poverty is a significant health determinant. As public assistance recipients experience difficulties in health management, a healthcare management support program to provide health checks has been implemented by welfare offices in Japan since 2021. However, effective approaches to maximize health check rates are limited. This study aimed to identify the impact of telephone navigation on recipients' health check-receiving behaviors, using data from welfare offices in Toyonaka City.Methods　This study included recipients aged 40-60 years who received telephone navigation for health check programs in 2021 and 2022. In 2021, telephone navigation was provided to eligible recipients. In 2022, the recipients were divided into two groups based on their household identification numbers (even/odd). We examined the difference in the health check rate in 2021 depending on whether the navigation system was connected. Additionally, we examined the differences across groups and navigation periods in 2022.Results　In 2021, 32 (7.9%) recipients received health checks. Twenty-six (10.2%) of the 255 recipients and six (4.1%) of the 148 recipients in the navigated and non-navigated groups, respectively, underwent health checks. In the navigated group, health check rates were higher among recipients in their 50s (13.3% vs. 3.1%; P = 0.006), unemployed recipients (13.9% vs. 3.6%; P = 0.014), those who did not receive previous health checks (9.1% vs. 1.5%; P = 0.003), and those who did not receive regular medical consultations (8.3% vs. 0%; P = 0.012). In 2022, 247 and 225 patients were assigned to the odd- and even-numbered groups, respectively, with no differences in their characteristics. During the intervention period, four (1.6%) of the 247 recipients and 10 (4.6%) of the 219 recipients in the odd- and even-numbered groups, respectively, underwent health checks. During the non-intervention period, five (2.1%) and six (2.7%) recipients of the odd- and even-numbered groups, respectively, underwent health checks. Health check rates were higher toward the deadlines. The estimated conditional odds ratio for receiving the health checks by the navigation was 1.35 (95% confidence interval; 0.59-2.93, P = 0.503).Conclusion　Telephone navigation may be effective in some recipients. Meanwhile, targeting recipients with attributes, such as \"in their 50s,\" \"unemployed,\" \"received no previous health checks,\" and \"received no regular medical consultations\" may increase the response rate. Therefore, policymakers should consider using reliable telephone navigation methods and navigating near deadlines.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"713-720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A longitudinal study among female college students' eating behaviors and food group intake based on the change in eating habit stages].","authors":"Junichi Kasamaki, Yoshiko Kasahara","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-012","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　This study aimed to longitudinally determine the eating behavior and food group intake of female students to examine the relationship between eating behaviors and intention to improve eating habits (change in eating habits stages) and help health education use the behavior change theory.Methods　This one-year longitudinal study included 130 female students from Japanese colleges. The stage at which eating habits and behaviors (skipping breakfast, eating out, instant food intake, and snacking) and intake of food groups rich in protein, calcium, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats and oils were assessed. The stages were as follows; pre-contemplation or contemplation (lower group), preparation (middle group), and action or maintenance (upper group). A self-assessment questionnaire was administered to evaluate eating behaviors and food group intake frequencies using a 5-point Likert scale. P-values of <.05 were considered statistically significant.Results　A cross-sectional comparison of eating behaviors and food group intake scores demonstrated significant differences between the stages only in snacking behavior. The upper group consumed snacks significantly less frequently than the middle and lower groups. After one year, a longitudinal comparison of eating behaviors and food group intake scores revealed significant differences in the intake of food groups rich in vitamins and minerals (green and yellow vegetables), fats and oils in the pre-contemplation stage, intake of food groups rich in vitamins/minerals (green and yellow vegetables) and frequency of skipping breakfast in the preparation stage, and frequency of eating out and snacking in the action stage. Each stage demonstrated a decreasing trend in food intake and an increasing trend in the frequency of skipping breakfast, eating out, and snacking. The percentages of students whose eating habits stage dropped during the second year were 49.0%, 100%, and 77.8% in the preparation, action, and maintenance stages, respectively. This indicates that there are cases in which readiness reverses in stages with improved eating habits.Conclusion　In health education on eating habits, it is vital to understand the changes in eating habit stages for each eating behavior and details of actual eating behaviors and habits. Thus, health education should align to the needs of each individual to support them in transforming and maintaining a higher stage of change in their eating habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"704-712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between financial anxiety and subjective health and physical fatigue perceptions among mothers of 18-month-old infants].","authors":"Yasue Ogata, Yoshie Yokoyama","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-006","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　Poverty is a factor that affects children's health through its role in parental depression and stress. While the association between financial status and depression or quality of life scores of mothers has been previously reported in Japan, no study has focused on mothers' subjective health and physical fatigue perceptions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between mothers' financial anxiety and subjective health and physical fatigue perceptions.Methods　We conducted a survey in parents attending routine health checkups for their 18-month-old infant in a single area of City A between November 2017 and October 2019. After excluding those for whom the required analysis data were missing, we analyzed data from 779 parents who responded to the survey and consented to the use of their children's health checkup data. The response variables were maternal subjective health and physical fatigue perceptions, and the explanatory variables were the presence of financial anxiety in mothers at their child's 3- or 18-month health checkups and financial anxiety situation in both periods. Financial anxiety was classified into four groups according to status at the 3- and 18-month time points. The independence of the qualitative variables among these four groups was verified using Fisher's exact test, and the relationship between financial anxiety and maternal subjective health and physical fatigue perceptions was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.Results　Financial anxiety was present in 54 mothers (6.9%) and 46 mothers (5.9%) at the 3- and 18-month checkup, respectively. Analysis of financial anxiety in both periods showed that 695 mothers (89.2%) had no financial anxiety at either time point, 30 (3.9%) had financial anxiety only at the 18-month checkup, 38 (4.9%) had financial anxiety only at the 3-month checkup, and 16 (2.1%) had financial anxiety at both time points. At the 18-month checkup, the odds ratios of poor subjective health and severe physical fatigue perceptions were 3.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.34-11.05) and 6.58 (95% CI; 2.18-19.85), respectively, among the mothers who had financial anxiety at both time points compared to those who had no financial anxiety at either time point.Conclusion　Financial anxiety may affect mothers' health. Therefore, mothers should be provided with solution-oriented support geared toward mitigating financial anxiety, in coordination with affiliated organizations, if financial anxiety is detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"673-681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A large epidemiological study on human papillomavirus vaccine post-vaccination symptoms and healthy vaccinee bias].","authors":"Sadao Suzuki","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-053","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　This study aimed to examine the existence of healthy vaccinee bias, a source of distortion in the evaluation of vaccine efficacy, through analysis without random assignment using real data on post-vaccination symptoms from the Nagoya Study, a large epidemiological study of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine post-vaccination symptoms.Methods　For three school years of individuals born in 1997, 1998, and 1999, as the HPV vaccine had a 2-year target period, 3,246 were first vaccinated at age 14 years and 3,961 were unvaccinated. The proportion of symptom onset in these 7,207 individuals during the unvaccinated period at age 13 years was compared by birth year to examine the presence of a healthy vaccinee bias.Results　Only four symptoms were significantly higher among unvaccinated participants, such as the proportion of \"severe headache,\" which occurred in 2010 among those born in 1997, \"hyperventilation,\" which occurred in 2011 among those born in 1998, \"fatigue\" and \"sudden vision loss,\" which occurred in 2012 among those born in 1999. Healthy vaccinee biases are rarely observed.Conclusion　Underestimation of the odds ratio of HPV vaccination due to healthy vaccinee bias is limited, and the claim that the supposedly high odds ratio in the Nagoya Study was masked by a healthy vaccinee bias is invalid.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"667-672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Long-term trends of occupational physical activity intensity in Japan].","authors":"Ayaka Fujitani, Masamitsu Kamada","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-028","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Although physical inactivity is a global concern, quantitative data on its long-term trends in physical activity (PA) are limited. This study aimed to estimate long-term trends in the intensity of occupational PA, constituting the largest portion of PA in Japan.Methods　Data on the number of workers in Japan by occupational category were obtained from the Labour Force Survey. PA intensity (metabolic equivalents [METs]) was assigned to 329 occupations in the Japanese Standard Occupational Classification based on the methods and data of Tudor-Locke et al. (2011), and representative intensity values for 11 occupational categories were calculated. Based on intensity, occupational categories were reclassified into sedentary (≤1.5 METs), light (1.6-2.9 METs), and moderate (≥3 METs). Trends in the prevalence of workers in each category were analyzed, along with the annual mean occupation-related METs from 1953 to 2022. The mean occupation-related METs represented the weighted average of PA intensity, calculated based on the annual worker population for each occupational category. Results　From 1953-2022, the prevalence of moderate-intensity occupations significantly declined, whereas sedentary and light-intensity occupations increased. The mean occupation-related METs decreased continuously for 70 years. During the 48-year period from 1962 to 2010, when there were no major changes in occupational classification methods, there was a decline of 0.25 METs, representing a 9.6% decrease, from 2.60 to 2.35 METs.Conclusion　Over the past 70 years, occupations in Japan have transitioned to ones with lower PA intensity. Consequently, the average PA intensity across all occupations decreased by at least one-tenth. Since this study assumes a constant intensity for each occupation, the actual decline in occupational PA intensity may be even more significant because of societal automation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"606-614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}