[Telephone navigation and health check attendance among public assistance recipients: Lessons from two-year effort in Toyonaka City].

Objective　Poverty is a significant health determinant. As public assistance recipients experience difficulties in health management, a healthcare management support program to provide health checks has been implemented by welfare offices in Japan since 2021. However, effective approaches to maximize health check rates are limited. This study aimed to identify the impact of telephone navigation on recipients' health check-receiving behaviors, using data from welfare offices in Toyonaka City.Methods　This study included recipients aged 40-60 years who received telephone navigation for health check programs in 2021 and 2022. In 2021, telephone navigation was provided to eligible recipients. In 2022, the recipients were divided into two groups based on their household identification numbers (even/odd). We examined the difference in the health check rate in 2021 depending on whether the navigation system was connected. Additionally, we examined the differences across groups and navigation periods in 2022.Results　In 2021, 32 (7.9%) recipients received health checks. Twenty-six (10.2%) of the 255 recipients and six (4.1%) of the 148 recipients in the navigated and non-navigated groups, respectively, underwent health checks. In the navigated group, health check rates were higher among recipients in their 50s (13.3% vs. 3.1%; P = 0.006), unemployed recipients (13.9% vs. 3.6%; P = 0.014), those who did not receive previous health checks (9.1% vs. 1.5%; P = 0.003), and those who did not receive regular medical consultations (8.3% vs. 0%; P = 0.012). In 2022, 247 and 225 patients were assigned to the odd- and even-numbered groups, respectively, with no differences in their characteristics. During the intervention period, four (1.6%) of the 247 recipients and 10 (4.6%) of the 219 recipients in the odd- and even-numbered groups, respectively, underwent health checks. During the non-intervention period, five (2.1%) and six (2.7%) recipients of the odd- and even-numbered groups, respectively, underwent health checks. Health check rates were higher toward the deadlines. The estimated conditional odds ratio for receiving the health checks by the navigation was 1.35 (95% confidence interval; 0.59-2.93, P = 0.503).Conclusion　Telephone navigation may be effective in some recipients. Meanwhile, targeting recipients with attributes, such as "in their 50s," "unemployed," "received no previous health checks," and "received no regular medical consultations" may increase the response rate. Therefore, policymakers should consider using reliable telephone navigation methods and navigating near deadlines.