[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"[Core values and competencies of public health nurses: A Delphi survey].","authors":"Reiko Okamoto, Emiko Kishi, Tamami Matsumoto, Yuka Dai, Sachiyo Murashima, Kiyomi Asahara, Kazuko Saeki, Mikako Arakida, Aya Iguchi, Hisako Izumi, Saori Iwamoto, Masayuki Endo, Yuichi Karakawa, Sachi Sakata, Yoshimi Furuhashi, Kaori Maeda, Michiko Matsubara, Yasuko Mitsumori, Riho Iwasaki-Motegi, Fumiko Yoshimura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-026","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　This study aimed to clarify the core values and competencies of public health nurses (PHNs) who contribute to improve health issues in transitioning societies, based on a consensus among PHN-related organizations, including practitioners and education researchers.Methods　A draft defining the core values and competencies of PHNs was developed through five consultation sessions with 20 executives and nominees of organizations in each area of PHN practice, education, and research to collect, categorize, and refine the items. The expert panel comprised 534 nominees from six PHN-related organizations, and three rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted. The consensus criteria were ≥70% for agreement and ≥80% for firm agreement.Results　In the first round, 272 expert panel nominees (50.9%) responded, and 217 responded in all rounds. The draft was revised based on the feedback from each round. By round 3, >90% agreed on the core value and competency frameworks and definitions.Conclusion　The Delphi survey revealed the three core value frameworks and definitions of \"social justice in health,\" \"human rights and autonomy,\" and \"health and safety\" and eight core competencies of \"professional autonomy and responsibility,\" \"scientific research and use of information science and technology,\" \"population-based assessment and analysis,\" \"practices for health enhancement and prevention,\" \"building systems to improve public health,\" \"management of healthy community development,\" \"person/community-centered collaboration and cooperation,\" and \"communication for consensus and solutions,\" with a firm agreement. Eventually, these frameworks would be the bases for creating national standards of practice, education, and research to satisfy the consensus levels of PHNs and PHN-related organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"745-755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between the uptake rates of countermeasure-type colorectal cancer screening, new cancer detection indices, and number of municipal public health nurses: An ecological study].","authors":"Koji Hirata, Seiki Nagao, Sayaka Tabuchi, Mihoko Okura, Mikiko Ito","doi":"10.11236/jph.23-086","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.23-086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　We conducted an ecological analysis of the structures and processes of municipalities implementing countermeasure-type colorectal cancer screening services, which are associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. We analyzed the populations' demographic characteristics, number of public health nurses (PHNs), and human base for such services. The process was evaluated using the screening uptake rates for countermeasure-type cancer screening and detection indices.Methods　The data included municipal population figures, areas, and national health insurance enrolments, all sourced from a government statistics portal (e-Stat). We obtained the number of PHNs per 100,000 population from PHN activity area surveys, information on municipal colorectal cancer screening from public health centers (PHCs) and health promotion project reports, and cancer detection indices from the National Cancer Registry data. The analysis covered 1,234 municipalities with populations of ≥10,000 and ≥50,000, categorized into three groups based on the presence of PHCs. The internal structures were compared using multiple regression analysis.Results　The number of PHNs per 100,000 population was categorized as follows; <50,000 population group (42.9), ≥50,000 population group (24.3), and PHC-present city group (16.4).Among these groups, the mass and individual screening rates were 96.2% and 47.7%, 69.1% and 91.5%, and 83.7% and 69.9%, respectively. The average uptake rates of countermeasure-type screenings and detailed examinations were 10.6-13.7% and 68.4-75.3%, respectively. In both cases, the <50,000 population and PHC-present city groups exhibited high and low values, respectively. However, the proportion of patients with \"early cancer\" detection was approximately 42% in all groups.Multiple regression analysis, using the countermeasure-type screening uptake rate and colorectal cancer detection indices as dependent variables, revealed that in the <50,000 population group, in which mass screening was prevalent, the number of PHNs was significantly positively correlated with the countermeasure-type screening uptake rate and proportion of \"new cancers\" detected by screening.Contrastingly, the PHC-present city group showed no correlation between the number of PHNs and countermeasure-type screening uptake rate, but a highly detailed examination uptake rate was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of \"early cancer\" detection.Conclusion　In municipalities without PHCs, countermeasure-type screening uptake rates, particularly mass screening rates, were positively correlated with the number of PHNs and cancer detection indices. In cities with PHCs, in which individual screening was prevalent, the detailed examination uptake rate through countermeasure-type screening was correlated with detection indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"735-744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[How smokers perceive pictorial and non-pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages: An online survey].","authors":"Erina Iwase, Hiroshi Yamato, Takahiro Tabuchi, Kayo Togawa, Kota Katanoda, Masakazu Nakamura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-009","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　This study aimed to evaluate Japanese smokers' perceptions of health warnings on tobacco packaging by comparing text-only and pictorial warnings.Methods　Data were sourced from the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS), an online, self-reported study conducted in February and March 2020. Participants included current smokers aged 15-74 years in Japan (n＝2,372). Perceptions regarding five packaging samples were assessed: the old package (text-only warning covering 30% of the pack's front and back before April 2020), the current package (text-only warning covering 50% of the pack's front and back), and three packages with pictorial warnings covering 50% of the front and back. Respondents were asked four questions on a 5-point Likert scale regarding the effectiveness of these warnings in terms of discouraging young people from starting to smoke, encouraging them to quit, communicating the dangers of smoking, and comfort level with the warnings. A t-test was conducted to compare each pair of packages.Results　There were no significant differences observed between the \"text only 30%\" and \"text only 50%\" packages in terms of preventing young individuals from starting to smoke, encouraging quitting, or communicating the dangers of smoking (P＝0.740-0.987). Conversely, packages with pictorial warnings were perceived as more effective than text-only packages (P＜0.01) in all aspects. A significant difference was observed in the respondents' perceptions of comfort levels with the packages, with the pictorial ones deemed more uncomfortable (P＜0.01).Conclusion　The findings indicated that pictorial health warnings are significantly associated with increased awareness of smoking risks, motivation to quit smoking, and prevention of smoking initiation among young people. Accordingly, Japan should consider adopting pictorial health warnings in accordance with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"756-765"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of border control measures on public health center operations and staffing at international airports during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of concern].","authors":"Naomi Seki, Ai Mikami, Takako Kokufu, Tazuru Kusaka, Kayoko Yamaguchi, Chika Takahashi, Takashi Izuno, Tomoya Saito","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-015","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　Ota City, located in southeastern Tokyo, including Haneda Tokyo International Airport, has numerous scattered lodging facilities. Shortly after the first case of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant was reported abroad, the Japanese government strengthened border control measures, including quarantine procedures and public health official involvement, for incoming travelers. This study aims to propose effective and efficient border control measures to prevent future outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.Methods　Border control measures implemented between November 2021 and mid-January 2022 were analyzed from three perspectives: chronological changes in government notifications, the situation of in-flight contacts and Omicron cases, and the support system for coronavirus-disease 2019 control department of the Ota City Public Health Center. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted among public health centers with jurisdiction over the top four international airports. This survey aimed to assess the effectiveness of the support system, evaluate cooperation with related organizations, identify common issues faced by public health concerns, and gather suggestions for improvements in future border control measures.Results　The definition and treatment of in-flight contacts of Omicron-positive individuals were initially outlined on November 30, 2021, and underwent frequent revisions until January 14, 2022. Between December 1, 2021, and January 12, 2022, only one Omicron case was identified among the 470 tests conducted on in-flight contacts. However, out of 136 additional domestic specimens collected (including 57 positives for genetic analysis), 40 were confirmed Omicron positive. The results of the questionnaire survey across the four public health centers largely mirrored the issues and suggestions identified by Ota City officials. A significant portion of these issues arose from managing temporary non-Japanese residents staying near international airports.Conclusion　Border control measures should be implemented to delay the domestic spread of the virus. In this reason, it is crucial to avoid placing an undue burden on public health officials responsible for handling domestic infections. Since response policies and target definitions may need to adapt to unknown pathogens, they may be changed frequently, baffling the officials; however, a system for collecting real-time data from frontline sites and making evidence-based decisions is essential. Additionally, deploying liaisons from national and prefectural governments to focal points of emergency response would strengthen the support system by promoting unified instructions and information sharing.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"775-786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Relationship between changes in lifestyle and sleep duration due to the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in older adults: A cross-sectional study].","authors":"Hidehiko Yamada, Nobuaki Moriyama, Natsumi Okamoto, Chihiro Nakayama, Kayoko Sato, Hajime Iwasa, Seiji Yasumura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-033","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　In response to the spread of COVID-19, a state of emergency was declared on April 7, 2020. People were asked to stay at home unless necessary, and studies conducted in Japan and other countries have investigated the impact of these restrictions on the lives and health of older adults. While some studies have focused on sleep, a crucial aspect of the health of older adults, little is known about the relationship between sleep and various lifestyle changes experienced by older adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with changes in sleep duration among older adults before and after the spread of COVID-19.Methods　A random sample of 1,808 men and women aged 65-84 years who lived in Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan was selected. A self-administered anonymous survey was mailed to the participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with decreased sleep duration compared to the COVID-19 pre-pandemic. Factors such as basic attributes, lifestyle changes compared with that during pre-pandemic period, stress levels, and involvement with the community were considered in the analysis.Results　Of the 1,808 distributed surveys, 1,305 were returned (response rate: 72.2%). After excluding participants with missing data (n＝108), 1,197 responses were included in the final analysis (valid response rate: 66.2%). Among these, 155 participants (12.9%) reported decreased sleep duration. Decreased \"social activities/connectedness\" (odds ratio [OR]: 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54-4.22), reduced \"average duration of exercise on exercise days\" (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.38-5.24), and self-reported \"stress in the past month\" (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.43-4.06) were significantly associated with decreased sleep duration.Conclusion　The spread of COVID-19 was associated with decreased sleep duration among older adults. This decrease was linked to reduced social activity and participation, decreased exercise, and increased stress. To mitigate these effects, maintaining social participation and activities, scheduling regular and manageable exercise routines, and implementing effective stress management strategies while adhering to infection control practices are important.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"766-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Health-promoting activities and facilitating/inhibiting factors in hospitals, clinics, and nursing care facilities: Public interest corporation survey results].","authors":"Teruko Kawabata, Hidenori Uda, Masakazu Nakamura, Takashi Yamada, Noriko Sasaki, Yuichi Imanaka","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　Medical and nursing care services within community-based integrated care systems are vital in community health. This study aimed to assess the current status of health-promoting activities across hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes operated by the Japan Association for Development of Community Medicine and explore differences depending on the type of facility and strategies for expanding these activities.Methods　Between April 2022 and September 2023, we conducted web-based surveys, followed by telephone and email interviews. The survey covered three main areas; health-promoting activities for patients/users, the community, and staff (options), willingness to expand activities (10-point scale), and facilitating and inhibiting factors (open-ended responses). Responses were analyzed according to facility type, and activities were categorized according to the 2020 Standards for Health-Promoting Hospitals and Health Services (The 2020 HPH Standards).Results　The response rate was 100%. Activities were implemented across all facilities. The percentages of facilities that implemented activities in hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes were as follows; patients/users (96.0, 84.5, 94.4, P = 0.011), community (96.0, 83.3, 100.0, P < 0.001), and staff (100.0, 72.9, 94.4, P < 0.001). The implementation rates were significantly lower in clinics than in hospitals and nursing homes. The mean number of activities in small clinics with < 50 staff (S) was significantly lower than that in large clinics with > 50 staff (L) for patients/users (S, L, difference) (4.1, 6.2, P = 0.034), community (4.9, 9.1, P < 0.001), and staff (1.6, 3.8, P < 0.001). Willingness did not vary by facility type (median of 7.0); however, conviction, as a determinant of willingness, was slightly higher in clinics and nursing homes than in hospitals (hospital = 7.0, clinics and nursing homes = 8.0). The most common facilitating factor for hospitals was \"development of organizational structure,\" such as the establishment of a promotion committee, whereas for clinics and nursing homes, it was the \"provision of educational materials and know-how.\" The most common inhibiting factor was \"increasing workload.\" These activities aligned with almost all 2020 HPH standards; however, the evaluation system needed improvement.Conclusion　All facilities are implementing health-promoting activities according to the 2020 HPH standards and have expressed eagerness to expand their activities. Developing organizational structures, ensuring the profitability of activities, developing evaluation indicators for measuring results, and establishing an evaluation system are crucial for expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Educational inequalities in mortality by prefectures in Japan: national census-linked mortality data, 2010-2015].","authors":"Hirokazu Tanaka, Kota Katanoda, Yasuki Kobayashi","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　To examine a comprehensive monitoring framework for health inequalities in Japan, this study aimed to quantify educational inequalities in mortality and its regional variations, which are widely used internationally as outcome measures of health inequalities.Methods　Individual data were obtained from the 2010 Population Census and Vital Statistics death records (2010-2015). We used the combination of \"sex,\" \"birth month/year,\" \"municipality of residence,\" \"marital status,\" and \"age of spouse (married individuals only)\" as a linkage key. Individuals with a unique \"linkage key\" were selected and included in the sample population. We included 7,984,451 Japanese individuals (3,992,202 men and 3,992,249 women) aged 30-79 years (9.9% of the total census population). Death records with a unique \"linkage key\" were linked to these records using the deterministic linkage method (five-year cumulative proportion of deaths; 5.6% for men and 2.5% for women). Inverse probability weights were calculated from the ratio of the total to sample population, using the distributions of sex, age, prefecture, educational attainment, and occupation. Weighted age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and ASMR ratios by educational level were calculated, and their variations by prefecture were analyzed.Results　Estimated all-cause ASMRs (per 100,000 population) for men were 1,025 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1,013-1,037) for high education (university graduation) and 1,245 (95% CI; 1,238-1,253) for middle/low education (junior/senior high school graduation). The respective values for all-cause ASMRs in women were 496 (95% CI: 485-508) and 640 (95% CI: 636-645). Estimated all-cause ASMR ratios between low/middle and high education levels were 1.21 (95% CI; 1.17-1.26) for men and 1.29 (95% CI; 1.17-1.41) for women. The ASMRs were higher for middle/low education than for high education in each prefecture; this trend was particularly pronounced among men. Additionally, no systematic differences were observed, although geographical backgrounds were considered.Conclusion　Using the national census-linked mortality data, ASMR was approximately 1.2-1.3 times higher for \"junior/senior high school graduates\" than for \"university and above graduates\" in Japan. Although regional variations in the ASMR ratio were small, a more accurate mortality database must be constructed for further analysis in prefectures.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of hospitalization status by major classification according to ICD-10 among public assistance recipients considering sex and age].","authors":"Hideyuki Watanabe, Masaaki Matsunaga, He Yupeng, Atsuhiko Ota, Li Yuanying, Kotaro Kuwaki, Shinichi Tanihara","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　We evaluated the number of hospitalizations among public assistance recipients for each major classification according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10), adjusting for sex and age differences in the general Japanese population. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of hospitalization patterns among public assistance recipients by disease category.Methods　We used indirect methods to adjust for sex and age, with public assistance recipients and the entire Japanese population as the observation and reference groups, respectively. We calculated the standardized hospitalization ratios (SHRs) for each major classification based on the ICD-10. We only used publicly available government statistics, including data from the 2020 Patient Survey, for hospitalization rates according to sex, age, and major classification. Additionally, we used data from the 2020 National Survey on Public Assistance Recipients conducted for the number of public assistance recipients by sex and age groups and data from the 2020 Survey on the Actual Status of Medical Assistance conducted for the number of hospitalizations by major classification.Results　After adjusting for age, the overall SHR was 1.49. The major classifications with the high SHRs for men and women were \"V. Mental and behavioural disorders\" (SHR for men; 4.06, women; 3.45) and \"IV. Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases\" (SHR for men; 2.40, women; 1.47). Conversely, the major classifications with low SHRs were \"XVI. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period\" (SHR; 0.43) and \"VII. Diseases of the eye and adnexa\" (SHR; 0.44) for men. For women, these were \"XV. Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium\" (SHR; 0.17) and \"VII. Diseases of the eye and adnexa\" (SHR; 0.27).Conclusion　After adjusting for age, hospitalization status among public assistance recipients was higher overall than in the general Japanese population. However, if divided based on major classifications, higher and lower rates were observed compared with the general population. In assessing the status of medical assistance for public assistance recipients, research should be conducted by disease classification, considering the significant differences in age composition between public assistance recipients and the general Japanese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Examination of the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the patient self-advocacy scale for psychiatric users].","authors":"Yui Hamada, Masako Kageyama, Keiko Yokoyama","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　In 2020, > 6 million individuals with mental disorders received psychiatric care. Advocacy is important to ensure that the rights of psychiatric patients, for whom involuntary hospitalization sometimes occurs, are maintained. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Patient Self-Advocacy Scale (PSAS) by Brashers et al. to measure the degree of patient self-advocacy and examine its reliability and validity.Methods　Five researchers translated the original PSAS into Japanese. The translated questionnaire was piloted with five psychiatric users and further revised. The revised content was back-translated by a professional translator and checked by the original author. An online questionnaire was administered to verify the validity and reliability of the completed Japanese PSAS. The questionnaire was distributed to individuals who received mental health services on a mailing list. Some respondents were asked to complete the questionnaire a second time to examine the reliability of the retest method. Reliability was examined by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the entire scale and subscales and evaluating the results of the correlation coefficients with the retest. For validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, and correlation coefficients were calculated using related scales (the Japanese versions of the Desirability of Control, Desire for Autonomy, and Health Locus of Control scales).Results　The questionnaire received 214 responses, and the test-retest questionnaire received 48 responses. Most respondents had been diagnosed with mood disorders (48.1%) or schizophrenia (40.7%), and 46.8% had been receiving psychiatric care for > 10 years. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the overall scale and subscale analyses and correlation coefficients for retests ranged from 0.66-0.83 and 0.69-0.84, respectively. Regarding validity, exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors with items similar to those in the original version, and confirmatory factor analysis showed goodness of fit (CMIN/DF = 2.834, GFI = 0.896, AGFI = 0.841, RMSEA = 0.093, AIC = 198.542, CFI = 0.888). Correlations with relevant scales were significant with those of most subscales.Conclusion　The Japanese PSAS was valid and reliable. This scale can be used to assess self-advocacy among psychiatric users and may help understand attitudes toward rights and advocacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Factors associated with restarting or continuing community activities for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic].","authors":"Kumiko Nonaka, Sachiko Murayama, Keiko Sugiura, Hiroshi Murayama","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　This study examined the factors associated with the status of group activities provided to older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic by community groups aiming to improve the health and social interactions of older adults. Methods　A mail survey was conducted with 372 leaders of neighborhood associations and Senior Citizen Clubs in November 2020 in Ward A, Tokyo. The questionnaire asked leaders about the status of group activities provided by neighborhood associations and the aforementioned clubs for older adults. Leaders responded regarding their group's activity status from April to October 2020 based on three patterns: 1) suspending the activity, 2) carrying out the activity by modifying the content, and 3) performing the activity without modifying the content. Data from 206 groups were analyzed. A latent class analysis (LCA) was performed using activity status to classify each group's activity patterns, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using activity patterns as dependent variables. Variations in activity content, activity frequency, the average number of participants and volunteers, having participants over 80 years old in the group, and the group's social capital were assigned as covariates. We also included the communication frequency between the volunteers and participants before COVID-19 and during the first state of emergency as covariates. Missing values were supplemented using a multiple imputation model. Results　Four patterns were identified from the LCA results: \"suspended the activity\" from April to October, \"restarted the activity with modified content\" from a specific month, \"continued the activity with modified content\" from April to October, and \"continued/restarted the activity without modified content\" from April to October. The multiple logistic regression, with \"suspended the activity\" as a reference group, demonstrated that a communication frequency of more than once a week was associated with \"continued the activity with modified content\" (odds ratio: = 5.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-23.21), and \"continued/restarted the activity without modified content\" (OR = 4.37, 95%CI = 1.07-17.82). In addition, carrying out the activity more than twice a month (OR = 3.12, 95%CI = 1.10-8.87) and having 6-10 volunteers (OR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.11-0.89) were associated with \"restarted the activity with modified content.\"Conclusion　This study emphasizes the importance of communicating with participants more than once a week and having fewer volunteers to restart or continue group activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study findings can guide municipal governments and public health professionals in assisting community groups during emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}