[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"[Association between health checkups, vaccination, and social isolation among people on public assistance: The case of Izumi Public Health and Welfare Center, Sendai City].","authors":"Shingo Hayashi","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-008","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　The healthcare management support program for public assistance recipients has been mandated at all welfare centers since 2021 because the importance of healthcare support for them has recently been recognized in Japan. However, the factors that hinder preventive healthcare service utilization have not been empirically investigated. This survey aimed to identify the relationship between health checkups, vaccination services, and social isolation among people on public assistance.Methods　The survey participants were 1,739 public assistance recipients within the jurisdiction of the Public Health and Welfare Center, Izumi Ward, as of January 1, 2022. Data on basic attributes, number of household members, household type, and employment status were obtained from the welfare system. Whether the recipient had received a health checkup or COVID-19 vaccination was determined from the medical receipt. We created four items assessing social isolation. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the number of health checkups, vaccination, and social isolation.Results　A total of 444 participants (response rate: 25.5%) were included in this analysis. Forty-four (9.9%) participants received a health checkup, and 336 (75.7%) received a vaccination. Logistic regression analysis revealed that attendance at health checkups was positively associated with face-to-face contact, non-face-to-face contact, emotional support, and instrumental support. In particular, the odds ratio of face-to-face contact was 3.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.85-6.94). Vaccination was positively associated with face-to-face contact, non-face-to-face contact, emotional support, and instrumental support. In particular, the odds ratio of instrumental support was 1.58 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-2.54).Conclusion　The findings of this survey revealed that social isolation was an important factor in facilitating the uptake of health checkups and vaccinations among welfare recipients in Sendai. Furthermore, this survey suggests that different types of social support should be incorporated into welfare services depending on the nature of the process by which the recipient accesses preventive services.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparison of document-based and on-site inspections of hospitals based on medical law: A case report from Osaka City during the COVID-19 pandemic].","authors":"Shiro Higaki, Akinori Okumachi, Koji Nakayama, Hideki Yoshida","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-048","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　On-site inspections of hospitals were conducted in Osaka City during fiscal years 2018 and 2019, whereas document-based inspections were performed during the COVID-19 pandemic in fiscal year 2021. This case report aimed to compare the outcomes of these two methods and provide a good indication of the method that should be selected in case of a pandemic.Methods　For on-site inspections, documents, including checklists, were sent to 351 hospitals from the Osaka City Public Health Office, and responses from each hospital were returned. On-site inspections were conducted, and the written instructions that indicated inadequate aspects and guidance were mailed to hospitals.For document-based inspections, documents were sent to 176 hospitals, and responses were returned. For hospitals that answered \"incomplete\" regarding the categories of medical safety management systems and hospital-acquired infection control, public health physicians called to confirm and instruct their inadequate responses, and the same step as the on-site inspection was executed. We compared and examined the outcomes of the on-site and document-based inspections.Results　In the on-site inspections, 12 of the 351 hospitals (3.4%) were recognized as inadequate because of a shortage of healthcare workers. In the document-based inspections, eight out of 176 hospitals (4.5%) were identified, and there was no significant difference.Regarding the medical safety management system, 95 of the 351 hospitals (27.1%) on on-site inspection and 21 of the 176 hospitals (11.9%) on document-based inspection received written instructions. The proportion of hospitals that received written instructions was significantly higher for on-site inspections than for document-based inspections (P < 0.001).For hospital-acquired infection control, 65 of 351 hospitals (18.6%) on on-site inspection and 17 of 176 hospitals (9.7%) on document-based inspection got written instructions. The proportion of hospitals that received written instructions was significantly higher for on-site inspections than document-based inspections (P = 0.007).Conclusion　Document-based inspection can easily unify the guiding criteria with fewer public health physicians. However, because of the limited amount of information available without checking the documents retained in hospitals, it is difficult to monitor the matters that need instructions. Thus, on-site inspection is preferable. However, if onsite inspection is difficult, inspection combined with online methods should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"126-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Registered physiotherapists' knowledge of terms related to responding to evacuees during disasters and its status of use].","authors":"Nobuaki Moriyama, Yoshinari Funami, Shuichi Onoda, Hidehiko Yamada, Seiji Yasumura","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-030","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Healthcare professionals are expected to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to protect the health status of individuals, particularly those with frailty, following unprecedented disasters. This study focused on the terms \"individual evacuation plan,\" \"residents requiring assistance in evacuation,\" and \"welfare shelters\" among physiotherapists, and the degree of knowledge and factors associated with knowledge of these terms were examined to consider ways for physiotherapists to participate more actively in disaster response.Methods　A web-based survey was conducted among members of the Fukushima Physical Therapy Association from March 8-31, 2023. The survey items included basic attributes, knowledge of \"individual evacuation plan,\" \"residents requiring assistance in evacuation,\" and \"welfare shelters,\" and the presence of opportunities to acquire knowledge, own evacuation experience, and experience supporting disaster survivors. The association between knowledge and length of career as a physiotherapist, presence of opportunities to acquire knowledge, own evacuation experience, and experience supporting disaster survivors were examined using the χ² test and residual analysis. Additionally, respondents were asked regarding their understanding of the physiotherapy recipients' \"individual evacuation plan\" and participation in formulating those plans. Those who understood and participated in those plans were asked to provide a free-form response about the use of the \"individual evacuation plan\" in providing routine physiotherapy and specific activities.Results　Of the 1,645 participants, 171 (10.4%) responded. The respondents' mean age was 38.4 ± 8.5 years. Seven (4.1%) ，21 (12.3%) ，and 17 (9.9%) respondents answered that they knew \"individual evacuation plan,\" \"residents requiring assistance in evacuation,\" and \"welfare shelters,\" respectively. Those who knew the specifics of the recipients' \"individual evacuation plans\" used them to conduct evacuation drills that assumed actual conditions and shared information with other healthcare professionals. The presence of opportunities to acquire knowledge, length of career, and experience supporting disaster survivors were associated with knowledge of \"individual evacuation plan,\" \"residents requiring assistance in evacuation,\" and \"welfare shelters,\" whereas the presence of own evacuation experience was not.Conclusion　The percentage of current physiotherapists who knew \"individual evacuation plan,\" \"residents requiring assistance in evacuation,\" and \"welfare shelters\" ranged from 4.1-12.3%. Enhancing curricula in pre-graduate education and ensuring learning opportunities for physiotherapists may be helpful in collaboratively participating in disaster responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Thoughts of older adults living in an isolated community on a remote island while continuing to live in familiar surroundings].","authors":"Miyuki Yoshida, Madoka Tatsukawa, Shinsuke Otani, Kazumi Fujimura","doi":"10.11236/jph.23-112","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.23-112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　This study clarified the thoughts of older adults living in an isolated community on a remote island while continuing to live in familiar surroundings. Additionally, suggestions for health policies were obtained.Methods　Island B, a remote island in Prefecture A, is isolated and surrounded by the sea. It has a population of 138 people and an aging rate of 48.6% (R2). We conducted semi-structured interviews with seven older adults living on Island B and qualitatively and inductively analyzed the contents, which consisted of (1) thoughts about living in one's own home in a familiar community; (2) nursing, medical, and preventive care as well as social and human resources that could help support one's life; and (3) continuing to live on the island. Codes, subcategories, and categories were generated based on verbatim transcripts of the interviews.Results　The average age of the study participants was 76.9 years. The daily life independence level for older adults with disabilities was J1-2. They thought that \"their life on the island was easygoing and enjoyable\" but also that \"the strong ties among the islanders may become a hindrance.\" They expressed that \"life on the island is founded on mutual support\" and the availability of life support services allows them to \"live a comfortable life on the island.\" Additionally, because of the insulation provided by the sea, \"connections outside of the island were regarded as minimally essential.\" Regarding life on the island in the future, they stated that \"they cannot do anything about the island's decay,\" \"life on the island will become critical due to the scarcity of living resources,\" \"life on the island will not be possible under any circumstances in the future,\" and \"they need to accept that they will not be able to die on the island as they would like to.\" Regarding continuing to live on the island, they believed that \"self-help efforts are essential to preserve independence\" and \"a resolute spirit is necessary when facing your last days.\"Conclusion　The results of the study highlight the importance of providing support for physical fitness activities to maintain links with the world off the island, providing opportunities to promote mutual assistance among older islanders, strengthening the medical system using ICT, and encouraging islanders to regularly discuss with their distant family members how they would like to spend the final days of their lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Associations between fall injury rates and instrumentation, equipment, and use among community-dwelling older adults: Computation using emergency medical service records].","authors":"Tetsuya Shimizu, Michiko Bando, Yasuko Aso, Tetsuji Yokoyama","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-022","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　This study aimed to examine the instrumentation, equipment, and use associated with falls among community-dwelling older adults, assess the injury rates by instrumentation, equipment, and use according to the characteristics of individuals with injuries, and identify the instrumentation, equipment, and use that cause severe injury.Methods　We analyzed individuals aged ≥ 65 years who experienced falls on their property and required emergency medical transport to a hospital in 2019. The fire departments in Saitama Prefecture provided relevant emergency records. We calculated injury rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 100,000 person-years for each age group (classified as 65-74, 75-84, and ≥ 85 years), sex for each type of instrumentation, equipment, and use, and the number of moderate or severe injuries and their percentages. The instrumentation and equipment associated with falls were categorized using ICD-10 and subdivided according to the conditions of use. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify instrumentation, equipment, and use associated with moderate or severe injuries, after adjusting for sex and age groups, with the floor as a reference.Results　This study included 4,421 patients. Patients were categorized according to 44 types of instrumentation, equipment, and use associated with falls. Overall, 2,154 cases (48.7%) were classified as moderate or severe injuries. Older adults had higher fall injury rates on floors (injury rates; 450.9, 95% CI; 434.5-467.9), stairs (76.6, 69.9-83.8), beds (25.5, 21.7-29.8), steps (21.2, 17.7-25.1), and toilets (14.5, 11.6-17.8), with differences on instrumentation, equipment, and use, sex, and age groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for moderate or severe injuries was higher for falls occurring on the roof (OR; 8.95, 95% CI; 1.52-169.40).Conclusion　Fall injury rates and the characteristics of injured individuals among community-dwelling older adults differ based on the instrumentation, equipment, and use associated with falls. The implementation of measures to mitigate the external factors associated with this risk is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"115-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effects of role stressors on anxiety, depression, and subjective well-being through primary appraisals].","authors":"Shinichi Kaneko","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-049","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　This study investigated the effects of role stressors on anxiety, depression, and subjective well-being (SWB), emphasizing primary appraisal.Methods　A web-based survey was conducted with 2,000 full-time employees in November 2023. The sample included 1,093 males and 907 females aged 20-64 years (mean (M)＝43.28, standard deviation (SD)＝11.96). Survey items included attributes (sex, age, occupation, and position), role stressors, primary appraisal (irrelevant, positive, harm/loss, threat, and challenge), anxiety, depression, and SWB. We conducted a stepwise multiple regression analysis with primary appraisals as the dependent variable and role stressors and attributes as independent variables. Thereafter, we conducted a stepwise multiple regression analysis with anxiety, depression, and SWB as dependent variables and primary appraisals of role stressors and attributes as independent variables.Results　Valid responses were obtained from 1,260 participants employed in sales and clerical work (valid response rate: 63.0%). The final sample included 548 males and 712 females aged 20-64 years (M＝44.75, SD＝11.61). Based on the results, positive, harm/loss, threat, and challenge appraisal positively influenced \"role unclearly\" and \"role overload.\" Moreover, anxiety positively influenced \"harm/loss\" and \"threat\" appraisals but negatively influenced \"challenge\" appraisals. Furthermore, depression positively influenced \"harm/loss\" and \"threat\" appraisals but negatively influenced \"challenge\" appraisals. Conversely, SWB positively influenced \"positive\" and \"challenge\" appraisals but negatively influenced \"harm/loss\" appraisals in role unclearly and \"harm/loss\" and \"threat\" appraisals in role overload.Conclusion　The anxiety, depression, and SWB of full-time employees in sales or clerical work were correlated with their primary appraisals of role stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"152-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of the shortened scale for health interest].","authors":"Takuya Yamada, Kumi Sugimoto, Yoko Nishizawa, Hirono Ishikawa, Yoshiharu Fukuda","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective　Addressing the needs of a population that is indifferent to health is becoming increasingly important. Previous research has developed the \"Interest in Health Scale,\" which assesses the level of interest in health. It comprises three subscales; health consciousness, motivation, and value. This study aimed to enhance the usability of the 12-item Interest in Health Scale by creating a shortened version.Methods　Using data from a web survey of 800 participants, factor analysis was conducted on the 12-item Interest in Health Scale to select items for the shortened version. From the factor analysis, two items were selected from each subscale based on their factor loadings to create a 6-item scale, and a 4-item scale was created, excluding two items from the health value subscale. We evaluated the reliability of the newly created shortened version, its correlation with the 12-item version, and its validity through correlations with health literacy (CCHL scale) and lifestyle habits (diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking).Results　Cronbach's alpha was 0.72 and 0.80 for the 6- and 4-item scale, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the 12-item and 6- and 4-item versions were 0.94 and 0.88, respectively. The correlation with health literacy were 0.28, 0.27, and 0.22 for the 12-, 6-, and 4-item versions, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the four lifestyle habits were similar across all the three scales.Conclusion　This study created 6- and 4-item versions of the scale with reliability and validity comparable to that of the 12-item version. While the 6-item version, containing all three subscales, is preferable for measuring health interest more easily, the 4-item version, which excludes health value for convenience, can be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Examining the perspective of community general support centers and promoting the use of early stage dementia-intensive support teams: Comparing institutions with and without support teams].","authors":"Yumi Kozaki","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Although numerous studies have explored early stage dementia-intensive support teams, focusing on their effectiveness and associated challenges, there is insufficient research on community comprehensive support centers that use support teams. Thus, we focused on community comprehensive support centers from the perspectives of their operators and users, examined the actualities and challenges of support team use, and considered ways to encourage such use.Methods　A questionnaire survey was mailed to 2,000 community general support centers selected through evenly-spaced sampling from 5,625 centers in Japan. The survey was conducted from November to December 2022. The survey included basic attributes (institution and presence of a support team), number of times a support team was used, actual number of users, and issues with support team use. For the analysis, we defined centers with and without support teams as \"operators\" and \"users,\" respectively, and analyzed each group. The participants' demographic details and data related to the frequency of use of support teams were tabulated. Text mining was used to analyze free-field responses.Results　A total of 773 responses were received (response rate; 38.8%). Among the respondents, 313 (41.5%) had support teams and 441 (58.4%) did not. The support team use rate was 86.6% for the former and 79.4% for the latter. In 2021, most respondents noted that approximately \"1-5 individuals\" used support teams, regardless of whether the support center had one.Challenges with support team use identified by centers without support teams were as follows; requirements of support recipients and rules for use under \"mechanisms of use,\" involvement of team doctors and expertise of team members under \"support functions,\" and collaborative support relationship and dissemination of project information under \"system for use.\" Support centers with support teams identified the following challenges; requirements of support recipients and management rules under \"management mechanisms,\" involvement of team doctors and healthcare collaboration under \"support functions,\" and team members role awareness and staff shortage under \"management system.\"Conclusion　Many comprehensive centers infrequently used support teams. To promote support team use, the system must be reviewed from the operator and user perspectives to simplify the support team system's rules and ease the requirements for support recipients. Moreover, all dementia supporters must engage in regular and ongoing discussions about the dementia support system, focusing on the municipal responsibility for system operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Factors associated with program implementation competencies used to improve health service development capacity of public health nurses: a nationwide survey of prefectures and cities with public health centers].","authors":"Mirei Shimodawa, Reiko Okamoto, Keiko Miyamoto, Keiko Koide, Masako Kageyama","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/jph.24-054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Public health nurses (PHNs) are necessary in introducing evidence-based health programs to address various health challenges. This study aimed to identify the factors related to PHNs' ability to implement programs across different career-level groups.Methods　A self-administered questionnaire was administered to PHNs working in prefectures or cities with public health centers. PHNs were categorized into three career-level groups based on their seniority and position; novice with ≥ 5 years of experience, no-position with ≥ 6 years of experience without a position, and with-position with ≥ 6 years of experience holding a position. Simple regression analysis was conducted using the Implementation Degree Assessment Sheet (Okamoto et al., 2022; IDAS) score as the dependent variable and experience in developing new projects, learning experiences, horizontal development exposure, and PHNs' competency scale scores as independent variables. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted with the IDAS score as the dependent variable and statistically significant variables in the simple regression analysis as the independent variables. The competency measurement scales used were the Professional Development Scale (PDS), Reflective Practice Skill Scale (RPS), and Research Utilization Competency Scale (RUC).Results　We obtained 702 out of 966 valid responses (72.7%). The overall mean IDAS scores was 115.7; 107.6 for novice PHNs, 111.3 for no-position PHNs, and 119.6 for with-position PHNs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that RPS and PDS scores contributed to novice and with-position PHNs' abilities. Additionally, \"recognition of the importance of horizontal development: agree\" significantly influenced novice PHNs' ability, whereas RUC score contributed to with-position PHNs' ability. RUC scores and recognition of the current implementation of horizontal development significantly contributed to the ability of No-position PHNs.Conclusion　For improving PHNs' program implementation abilities, novice PHNs should focus on reflective practices, improve professional knowledge and skills, acquire knowledge and competence in program implementation, and improve understanding of its importance. Moreover, no-position PHNs must collect, examine, and use information, such as recent research findings. With-position PHNs must continuously improve their skills and apply them comprehensively in management and program implementation. These findings underscore the importance of tailored program implementation training for each career level, providing opportunities to reflect on practice and one's own activities, and assessing the level of mastery.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Factors associated with language development delay of early childhood: Analysis of health checkup questionnaire for children].","authors":"Marie Sugihara, Etsuko Toyazaki, Mami Iwata","doi":"10.11236/jph.24-025","DOIUrl":"10.11236/jph.24-025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives　Language development is assessed in health checkups for children aged 18 and 36 months in public health centers to identify those with language delay and promote language development in early childhood. This study examines factors associated with language development to provide parents with evidence-based information.Methods　We used the data from the health checkup questionnaire filled by parents of 18- and 36-month-old children born between April 2019 and March 2020 and undergone 18- and 36-month health checkups by March 2023 in Yokohama city, Japan. The sample included 12,710 children. Language delay was defined as the inability to speak at least three words and three-word sentence for 18- and 36-month-old children, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were applied to assess the odds ratios (OR) for language delay in 18 and 36 months and associated factors; birth order, weeks of birth, mother's age, and existence of a ternary relationship in 18 months. Moreover, we assessed the OR for language delay in 18 and 36 months to understand the language development in early childhood.Results　Language delay was observed in 17.5% and 6.7% of 18- and 36-month-old children, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations of language delay in 18-month-old children and assessed factors; first-born children (OR; 1.39 [1.25-1.53]); preterm birth (OR; 1.80 [1.46-2.21]); and pregnancy at age ≥ 35 years (OR; 1.24 [1.12-1.37]), but no significant associations of language delay in 36-month-old children and these factors. Language delay in 18- and 36-month-old children were significantly associated, adjusting for potential confounders (OR; 6.81 [5.79-8.00]).Conclusion　Children's background since birth should be checked to assess 18-month language development during health checkups. Children with language development delay at 18-month health checkups should be identified and followed for further support.</p>","PeriodicalId":72032,"journal":{"name":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"52-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}