Neurochemical Research最新文献

{"title":"Lactobacillus Helveticus Improves Controlled Cortical Impact Injury-Generated Neurological Aberrations by Remodeling of Gut-Brain Axis Mediators","authors":"Tulasi Pasam,&nbsp;Hara Prasad Padhy,&nbsp;Manoj P. Dandekar","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04251-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04251-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considerable studies augured the potential of gut microbiota-based interventions in brain injury-associated complications. Based on our earlier study results, we envisaged the sex-specific neuroprotective effect of <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> by remodeling of gut-brain axis. In this study, we investigated the effect of <i>L. helveticus</i> on neurological complications in a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). Adult, male and female, C57BL/6 mice underwent CCI surgery and received <i>L. helveticus</i> treatment for six weeks. Sensorimotor function was evaluated via neurological severity score and rotarod test. Long-term effects on anxiety-like behavior and cognition were assessed using the elevated-zero maze (EZM) and novel object recognition test (NORT). Brain perilesional area, blood, colon, and fecal samples were collected post-CCI for molecular biology analysis. CCI-operated mice displayed significant neurological impairments at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-days post-injury (dpi) and exhibited altered behavior in EZM and NORT compared to sham-operated mice. However, these behavioral changes were ameliorated in mice receiving <i>L. helveticus</i>. GFAP, Iba-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β expressions and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels were elevated in the perilesional cortex of CCI-operated male/female mice. These elevated biomarkers and decreased BDNF levels in both male/female mice were modified by <i>L. helveticus</i> treatment. Additionally, <i>L. helveticus</i> treatment restored altered short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in fecal samples and improved intestinal integrity but did not affect decreased plasma levels of progesterone and testosterone in CCI mice. These results indicate that <i>L. helveticus</i> exerts beneficial effects in the CCI mouse model by mitigating inflammation and remodeling of gut microbiota-brain mediators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol Plays a Modulatory Function on the Methamphetamine-Induced Reward Through Hippocampal D2-Like Dopamine Receptors","authors":"Mahsa Mohammadi,&nbsp;Seyed Erfan Omidiani,&nbsp;Ronak Azizbeigi,&nbsp;Abbas Haghparast","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04256-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04256-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methamphetamine (METH), a stimulant that is extremely addictive, directly affects the central nervous system. METH's abuse and consumption are directly linked to mental illnesses, psychosis, and behavioral and cognitive impairments. It may disrupt the reward system and dopaminergic transmission. METH's rewarding qualities are associated with a rise in dopamine. Additionally, cannabidiol (CBD), one of the primary cannabinoid components of the cannabis plant, significantly affects dopaminergic transmission and may aid in reward- and addiction-related behaviors. To shed light on the role of the D2-like dopamine receptor (D2R) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), the present study examined the effects of CBD on the acquisition and expression of the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by METH. The function of D2R was ascertained by delivering Sulpiride microinjections, as a D2R antagonist Sulpiride (0.25, 1, and 4 μg/0.5 μL DMSO12%) into the DG. Moreover, an intracerebroventricular injection of CBD at a dose of 10 μg/5 μL for CPP acquisition and 50 μg/5 μL for CPP expression was given to rats. According to the current research, CBD dramatically reduced the acquisition and expression of CPP resulting from METH. However, Sulpiride suppressed the effect of CBD on METH-induced CPP acquisition and expression, with a greater impact on expression experiments. Ultimately, this study proposed that the expression experiment of METH-induced CPP appears to be heavily dependent on D2R in the DG.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Thymol and p-Cymene in Immobilized Male rats through Alterations in Molecular, Biochemical, Histological, and Behavioral Parameters","authors":"Masoumeh Asle-Rousta,&nbsp;Yasaman Peirovy","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04271-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04271-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The research was conducted to examine the neuroprotective effect of thymol and its precursor p-cymene on chronic immobility stress in adult male Wistar rats. The rats were subjected to 2.5 h of stress every day for 14 consecutive days by placing them inside a restrainer. Thymol (10 mg/kg) and p-cymene (50 mg/kg) were given to the rats during the same period. The results showed that thymol and p-cymene prevented the increase of MDA level, decline of GSH level, and decrease of SOD and GPx activity in the hippocampus of rats exposed to stress. These monoterpenes also prevented the increase in the expression of <i>Tnfa</i>, <i>Il1b</i>, <i>Tlr4</i>, and <i>Nfkb</i>, and the decrease in the expression of <i>Nrf2</i>, <i>Ho1</i>, and <i>Bdnf</i>. In addition, thymol and p-cymene inhibited the increase in the expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus of animals exposed to immobility and enhanced the expression of <i>A7nachr</i>. They also reduced neuronal death in the CA1 region of stressed animals and improved their performance in the Morris water maze and elevated plus maze tests. Based on these findings, thymol and p-cymene may be effective in preventing neurodegenerative diseases as they reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, strengthen ACh signaling, and stimulate <i>Bdnf</i> expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Astrocyte–Endotheliocyte Axis in the Regulation of the Blood–Brain Barrier","authors":"Augustas Pivoriūnas,&nbsp;Alexei Verkhratsky","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04277-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04277-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotinamide and Nicotinoyl-Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid as Neuroprotective Agents Against Type 1 Diabetes-Induced Nervous System Impairments in Rats","authors":"Tamara Kuchmerovska,&nbsp;Tetiana Tykhonenko,&nbsp;Lesya Yanitska,&nbsp;Serhiy Savosko,&nbsp;Iryna Pryvrotska","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04257-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04257-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diabetes is a multifunctional chronic disease that affects both the central and/or peripheral nervous systems. This study assessed whether nicotinamide (NAm) or conjugate of nicotinic acid with gamma-aminobutyric acid (N-GABA) could be potential neuroprotective agents against type 1 diabetes (T1D)-induced nervous system impairments in rats. After six weeks of T1D, induced by streptozotocin, nonlinear male Wistar rats were treated for two weeks with NAm (100 mg/kg, i. p.) or N-GABA (55 mg/kg, i. p.). Expression levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) were analyzed by immunoblotting. Polyol pathway parameters of the sciatic nerves were assessed spectrophotometrically, and their structure was examined histologically. NAm had no effect on blood glucose or body weight in T1D, while N-GABA reduced glucose by 1.5-fold. N-GABA also increased MBP expression by 1.48-fold, enhancing neuronal myelination, while NAm showed no such effect. Activation of the polyol pathway was observed in the T1D sciatic nerves. Both compounds decreased sorbitol content and aldose reductase activity, thereby alleviating changes similar to primary degeneration in the sciatic nerves and preventing peripheral neuropathy development. These results demonstrate that NAm and, more notably, N-GABA may exert neuroprotective effects against T1D-induced nervous system impairments by increasing MBP expression levels, improving myelination processes in the brain, inhibiting the polyol pathway, and partially restoring morphometric parameters in the sciatic nerves. This suggests their potential therapeutic efficacy as promising agents for the prevention of T1D-induced nervous system alterations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Trends: Neurofilament Biomarkers in Precision Neurology","authors":"Priti Sharma,&nbsp;Aditi Giri,&nbsp;Prabhash Nath Tripathi","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04244-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04244-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neurofilaments are structural proteins found in the cytoplasm of neurons, particularly in axons, providing structural support and stability to the axon. They consist of multiple subunits, including NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L, which form long filaments along the axon’s length. Neurofilaments are crucial for maintaining the shape and integrity of neurons, promoting axonal transport, and regulating neuronal function. They are part of the intermediate filament (IF) family, which has approximately 70 tissue-specific genes. This diversity allows for a customizable cytoplasmic meshwork, adapting to the unique structural demands of different tissues and cell types. Neurofilament proteins show increased levels in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood after neuroaxonal damage, indicating injury regardless of the underlying etiology. Precise measurement and long-term monitoring of damage are necessary for determining prognosis, assessing disease activity, tracking therapeutic responses, and creating treatments. These investigations contribute to our understanding of the importance of proper NF composition in fundamental neuronal processes and have implications for neurological disorders associated with NF abnormalities along with its alteration in different animal and human models. Here in this review, we have highlighted various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, Dementia, and paved the way to use neurofilament as a marker in managing neurological disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"49 12","pages":"3208 - 3225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Postoperative Delirium by Regulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis to Inhibit Astrocyte Activation in Aged Mice","authors":"Fanning Xu,&nbsp;Hui Chen,&nbsp;Yubo Gao,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Yang,&nbsp;Chun Zhang,&nbsp;Xinli Ni","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04245-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04245-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication in elderly surgical patients, with limited targeted interventions due to incomplete understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms. Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, involving glial cell activation, particularly astrocytes, is considered crucial in POD development. Butyrate, a four-carbon fatty acid, has shown protective effects in CNS diseases, but its potential in mitigating POD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of sodium butyrate on POD in aged mice. Behavioral tests, including open field, Y maze, and food burying tests, demonstrated that sodium butyrate preconditioning ameliorated laparotomy-induced delirium in aged mice. Pre-treatment with sodium butyrate inhibited astrocyte activation in the hippocampus, reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels, and protected hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, the study revealed a connection between gut microbiota regulation and central neuroprotective effects mediated by astrocyte activation inhibition. Sodium butyrate improved the intestinal morphological barrier by rebalancing gut microbiota, inhibiting <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Actinobacteria</i>, reducing <i>Allobaculum</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i> abundance, and increasing <i>Oscillospira</i> abundance. This regulation decreased gut permeability, limiting the entry of toxic substances into the bloodstream, thereby reducing inflammation spread and astrocyte overactivation, leading to central anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, sodium butyrate may ameliorate POD by inhibiting astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation through gut microbiota rebalancing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"49 12","pages":"3342 - 3355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11064-024-04245-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Expression of Concern: The Possible Role of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Epilepsy","authors":"Raed AlRuwaili,&nbsp;Hayder M. Al-kuraishy,&nbsp;Ali I. Al-Gareeb,&nbsp;Naif H. Ali,&nbsp;Athanasios Alexiou,&nbsp;Marios Papadakis,&nbsp;Hebatallah M. Saad,&nbsp;Gaber El-Saber Batiha","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04249-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04249-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"49 12","pages":"3396 - 3397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zona Incerta GABAergic Neurons Facilitate Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Mice","authors":"Hong Chen,&nbsp;Chengxi Liu,&nbsp;Junxiao Liu,&nbsp;Chengdong Yuan,&nbsp;Haifeng He,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Shouyang Yu,&nbsp;Tianyuan Luo,&nbsp;Wei Shen,&nbsp;Tian Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04230-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04230-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The zona incerta (ZI) predominantly consists of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurons, located adjacent to the lateral hypothalamus. GABA, acting on GABAA receptors, serves as a crucial neuromodulator in the initiation and maintenance of general anesthesia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of ZI GABAergic neurons in the general anesthesia process. Utilizing in-vivo calcium signal optical fiber recording, we observed a decrease in the activity of ZI GABAergic neurons during isoflurane anesthesia, followed by a significant increase during the recovery phase. Subsequently, we selectively ablated ZI GABAergic neurons to explore their role in general anesthesia, revealing no impact on the induction of isoflurane anesthesia but a prolonged recovery time, accompanied by a reduction in delta-band power in mice under isoflurane anesthesia. Finally, through optogenetic activation/inhibition of ZI GABAergic neurons during isoflurane anesthesia, we discovered that activation of these neurons facilitated emergence without affecting the induction process, while inhibition delayed emergence, leading to fluctuations in delta band activity. In summary, these findings highlight the involvement of ZI GABAergic neurons in modulating the emergence of isoflurane anesthesia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"49 12","pages":"3297 - 3307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Glucose Transporter-2 Regulation of Dorsomedial Versus Ventrolateral VMN Astrocyte Metabolic Sensor and Glycogen Metabolic Enzyme Gene Expression in Female Rat","authors":"Sagor C. Roy,&nbsp;Subash Sapkota,&nbsp;Madhu Babu Pasula,&nbsp;Karen P. Briski","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04246-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04246-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Astrocyte glycogenolysis shapes ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) regulation of glucostasis in vivo. Glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), a plasma membrane glucose sensor, controls hypothalamic primary astrocyte culture glycogen metabolism in vitro. In vivo gene silencing tools and single-cell laser-catapult-microdissection/multiplex qPCR techniques were used here to examine whether GLUT2 governs dorsomedial (VMNdm) and/or ventrolateral (VMNvl) VMN astrocyte metabolic sensor and glycogen metabolic enzyme gene profiles. GLUT2 gene knockdown diminished astrocyte GLUT2 mRNA in both VMN divisions. Hypoglycemia caused GLUT2 siRNA-reversible up-regulation of this gene profile in the VMNdm, but down-regulated VMNvl astrocyte GLUT2 transcription. GLUT2 augmented baseline VMNdm and VMNvl astrocyte glucokinase (GCK) gene expression, but increased (VMNdm) or reduced (VMNvl) GCK transcription during hypoglycemia. GLUT2 imposed opposite control, namely stimulation versus inhibition of VMNdm or VMNvl astrocyte 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha 1 and -alpha 2 gene expression, respectively. GLUT2 stimulated astrocyte glycogen synthase (GS) gene expression in each VMN division. GLUT2 inhibited transcription of the AMP-sensitive glycogen phosphorylase (GP) isoform GP-brain type (GPbb) in each site, yet diminished (VMNdm) or augmented (VMNvl) astrocyte GP-muscle type (GPmm) mRNA. GLUT2 enhanced VMNdm and VMNvl glycogen accumulation during euglycemia, and curbed hypoglycemia-associated VMNdm glycogen depletion. Results show that VMN astrocytes exhibit opposite, division-specific GLUT2 transcriptional responsiveness to hypoglycemia. Data document divergent GLUT2 control of GCK, AMPK catalytic subunit, and GPmm gene profiles in VMNdm versus VMNvl astrocytes. Ongoing studies seek to determine how differential GLUT2 regulation of glucose and energy sensor function and glycogenolysis in each VMN location may affect local neuron responses to hypoglycemia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"49 12","pages":"3367 - 3382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}