Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Image Analysis Methodologies.","authors":"Ashwin Kumar Rajagopalan, Daniel Biri","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_300","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter compiles established practices for characterizing crystal populations to characterize the crystallization of biomolecules using image-based systems. It starts with an introduction to available measurement tools, comparing their advantages and disadvantages. This is followed by a detailed description of the different steps from image acquisition to data analysis and visualization, with considerations offered for each step. The chapter ends with a discussion of the challenges and limitations currently facing imaging tools. By providing a comprehensive overview of crystal characterization using imaging techniques, this chapter aims to equip practitioners with the knowledge necessary to effectively apply these methods in both research and industrial contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"191-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Online Spectroscopy and Light Scattering Techniques.","authors":"Hévila Brognaro, Christian Betzel","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_315","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2026_315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within this chapter, we focus on explaining and introducing latest light scattering techniques as dynamic light scattering (DLS) applied to score and optimize biomolecular solutions prior to crystallization experiments. DLS is today the most common and noninvasive method used to obtain information about the dimensions of monomeric or oligomeric macromolecules by observing their Brownian motion. It requires only a relatively small amount of sample and can be done in various environments. Analyzing the homogeneity of a biomolecular solution at different physiochemical conditions, such as concentrations and pH values, and also over time, before outlining crystallization experiments provides most valuable information to increase the success rate of such experiments to obtain X-ray-suitable crystals. Further, light scattering methods can analyze particle size distributions in real time and optionally also in flow mode. The intensity pattern of light scattered by particles in solution is correlated with itself within short time intervals to determine the autocorrelation function, which allows a calculation of the particle diffusion constant, providing the value of the hydrodynamic radii (R_h) via the Stokes-Einstein equation. In this context, DLS is today most widely used for characterizing biomolecular suspensions in different fields of life sciences and biotechnology. In the following, we introduce light scattering techniques and explain the application of light scattering techniques using selected examples.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"239-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Crystallization Platforms to Crystallize Biomolecules.","authors":"Siyu Pu, Kunn Hadinoto","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_295","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the realm of industrial crystallization for biomolecules, batch crystallizers have been the predominant platform, although continuous crystallizers with clearly superior performances have been actively investigated in recent years. Among them, mixed-suspension-mixed-product-removal crystallizer (MSMPRC), plug flow crystallizer (PFC), slug flow crystallizer (SFC), oscillatory flow baffled crystallizer (OFBC), and other innovative continuous platforms such as membrane crystallizer and Couette-Taylor (CT) crystallizer are introduced in this chapter. These crystallizers have been utilized in continuous crystallization of biomolecules including globular proteins such as lysozyme and insulin. Their key design variables encompassing variables affecting kinetics (residence time distribution (RTD), mixing strategy, etc.) and variables affecting thermodynamics (driving force of crystallization) are discussed. As a promising alternative to conventional chromatography method, continuous crystallization shows great potential for downstream processing of biomolecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"149-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomolecular Crystallization in Microfluidic Devices.","authors":"Nadine Candoni, Romain Grossier, Stéphane Veesler","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_299","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter presents an overview of microfluidic devices reported in the literature, used to develop methodologies for nucleation of biomolecules, with crystal size control, and for collecting thermodynamic and kinetic data. Section 2 is dedicated to the properties of microfluidic devices through materials used for their fabrication and for crystal analysis. Section 3 describes the variety of microfluidic devices available and how to handle them to produce flows, droplets, and/or wells of micrometer size. These devices use crystallization methods inspired by batch processes, and they are mainly used for protein crystallization. Section 4 focuses on fundamental properties of biomolecule crystallization determined using droplet-based microfluidics: nucleation kinetics, nucleation rate, and effective interfacial energy crystal/solution. Section 5 explains how the kinetic effect of confinement due to micrometer size, and so nanovolumes, leads to isolation of different phases. These latter are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and methods to minimize manual handling of crystals for XRD are also presented, with appropriate equipment to store the crystals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Perspectives of Biomolecular Crystallization Thermodynamics.","authors":"Marc Pusey","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_303","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The driving force for solution crystallization is the supersaturation, the concentration of the crystallizing species in solution over the concentration when the solution is at equilibrium with the solid phase. It is observed that macromolecule crystals typically nucleate and grow at higher supersaturations than found for small molecules. The equilibrium concentration at a defined set of conditions is a fixed point in the phase diagram and as such can be thermodynamically evaluated. The problems of working with biomolecules, such as their usually limited supply, structural flexibility, and limited stability in solution, exacerbate the problems of obtaining solubility data. This chapter, presented in four sections, focuses on proteins. Section 1 is a general review of protein crystallization and the importance of solubility in crystallization studies. Section 2 is a review of the methods that have been developed for determining protein solubility. These can be broadly differentiated into solution-based and optical approaches. As a general rule, the optimal methods for determining solubility are those that approach it from both directions, from over- and undersaturated conditions. Section 3 covers solubility data analysis and the parameters that are derived from this analysis. Section 4 reviews another commonly derived parameter, the second virial coefficient, B₂₂.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"31-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Perspectives of Biomolecular Crystallization Kinetics.","authors":"Christo N Nanev","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_304","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As crystallization kinetics determines important characteristics of the resulting crystalline product, such as number of crystals, polydispersity, and crystal size distribution (CSD), the study of the biomolecular crystallization kinetics is of importance not only from scientific but also from practical perspective. And while the number of crystals depends on the kinetics and duration of the nucleation process, the sizes of the crystals and CSD depend on the growth rate. (Of course, if present, agglomeration and oriented attachment of nanocrystals, as well as crystal breakage, may evoke changes in these characteristics.) In this chapter, first, rates of homogeneous and heterogeneous crystal nucleation are overviewed theoretically, and it is emphasized that the surface of the protein molecule dictates its ability to bind to partners: the exact meeting of the binding patches on the molecule surface is a must and explains why the kinetics of biomolecular crystal nucleation is slower compared to that one of small molecules. (That is why, albeit peculiarities of proteins' behavior in solutions are already covered in Chapter \" The Starting Point for Biomolecular Crystallisation \" of this book, here some peculiarities that are important for the kinetics of the protein crystal nucleation are considered again.) Second, the mechanism of growth of biomolecular crystals is discussed, and it is emphasized that their growth rate is slower than the one of crystals constituted of small molecules. Third, special attention is paid in this chapter to experimental methods for studying the kinetics of the origin and growth of biomolecular crystals. The most used methods for measuring crystal nucleation rates (such as measurement of induction time for nucleation and the so-called double-pulse technique) and the techniques for their implementation are discussed in detail; the apparatuses/devices through which these measurements are performed are also indicated. Quantitative estimation of the variables governing crystal nucleation, such as energy barrier and numbers of molecules constituting the critical nucleus, is reported. In addition, methods used to measure/evaluate growth rates of biomolecular crystals are also considered, and quantitative data on the step kinetic coefficients that determines these rates is presented. Importantly, a comparison between techniques for measuring growth rates is also reported; it is hoped that this can make it easier to choose the most suitable technique for a given purpose. Finally, recommendations are given for growing biomolecular crystals with desired characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"63-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147466669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Agricultural Residues for Biohydrogen Production via Dark Fermentation.","authors":"Cao Guangli, Wu Jiwen, Liu Bingfeng, Fan Shengqiang, Xie Guojun, Sun Jiazheng, Shanshan Yang, Guan Yujing","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_326","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2026_326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biohydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative energy carrier due to its renewability and environmental friendliness. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in biohydrogen production from organic waste, particularly agricultural residues, which represent one of the most abundant renewable resources globally. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the biotechnological conversion of agricultural biomass into biohydrogen, with a particular focus on dark fermentation as a sustainable and efficient approach. It begins by addressing the structural complexity of agricultural waste and the associated challenges in microbial conversion. The core mechanisms of dark fermentation are discussed, along with key microbial communities involved and the primary factors affecting biohydrogen yield. The chapter further evaluates pretreatment methods, fermentation processes, and emerging strategies for improving performance. In addition, it highlights the importance of machine learning-based modeling, process integration, techno-economic assessment, and life cycle analysis in advancing the practical application of dark fermentation for biohydrogen production from agricultural biomass. The purpose is to provide the theoretical and technical basis for the valorization of agricultural residue into biohydrogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"337-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Perspectives for Biomolecular Crystallization Prediction.","authors":"James F Lutsko","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_307","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biocrystallization has played a fundamental role in revealing the complexity of crystallization such as the role of metastable crystallization precursors and nonclassical nucleation pathways. This chapter describes some modern theoretical developments developed to address the challenges posed by these discoveries to our understanding of both the thermodynamics and dynamics of clusters of molecules. After briefly recalling the thermodynamic model of Gibbs that underlies classical nucleation theory and subsequent heuristic improvements such as the van der Waals diffuse interface model, the recent development of fundamental statistical-mechanical methods known collectively as classical density functional theory (cDFT) is described. These methods allow for ab inito prediction of crystal structures and thermodynamics with molecular-level resolution using only the molecular interaction potential as input. The dynamics of nucleation, traditionally modeled using rate equations to describe the evolution of cluster sizes based on monomer attachment/detatchment, is then addressed by incorporating the molecular-level thermodynamics into a dynamical description of thermal fluctuations that allows one to predict the kind of nonclassical nucleation pathways seen in experiment and simulation as well as the associated nucleation rates without the need for macroscopic concepts such as order parameters and collective variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"177-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147484172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignocellulosic Biomass Resources for Sustainable Socioeconomic Development.","authors":"Pramuk Parakulsuksatid, Alfred Elikem Kwami Afedzi","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_316","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2026_316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural residues including corn stover, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, cereal straws, oil palm biomass, and many others are often burned or left to decompose, releasing avoidable emissions and losing nutrients. Redirected to modern biorefineries, they become a renewable carbon feedstock for biofuels, biogas, chemicals, and biomaterials. This chapter quantifies regional residue supplies and finds that Asia, the Americas, Europe, and Africa together generate more than 3 billion dry tons of residues yearly. Life cycle assessments report up to 90% greenhouse gas savings compared with fossil routes, particularly when open-field burning is eliminated. Technical advances in pretreatment, engineered enzymes, co-fermentation, and thermochemical upgrading now enable high-yield multiproduct conversion. Policy instruments such as feed-in tariffs, biogas purchase guarantees, carbon credits, and sustainability certifications lower investment risk and accelerate deployment. Cooperative models for collection, densification, transport, and processing create employment for farmers, women, and rural youth. Upgraded roads, storage, and off-grid energy systems follow. By integrating job creation, income diversification, and infrastructure development with rigorous soil and carbon safeguards, agricultural residues can transform from low-value waste into the foundation of a circular, low-carbon bioeconomy. Future studies should integrate advanced process innovations with equity strategies to secure resilient rural livelihoods.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Sustainability of Cultivated Meat.","authors":"Hanna L Tuomisto, Toni Ryynänen","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_293","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cultivated meat is developed as an alternative to livestock meat in reducing the negative externalities of the animal-based food systems. Prospective life cycle assessment studies have been used to estimate the potential environmental impacts of cultivated meat production. Results indicate that cultivated meat production has relatively high industrial energy demand, but lower land use requirements compared to livestock meat production. The climate impacts of cultivated meat depend on the source of energy used. Due to the low land use requirements, cultivated meat could have benefits to biodiversity by reducing the pressure to convert forests and natural habitats to agricultural land. Cultivated meat production could also reduce water use and emissions to waterbodies. The environmental impacts of different cultivated meat production processes are wide depending on the process design and sources of inputs. Life cycle assessment studies can guide the development of cultivated meat production processes towards sustainable options.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"273-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}