Qi-Xiu Hai, Kun Hu, Su-Ping Chen, Yang-Yang Fu, Xiao-Nian Li, Han-Dong Sun, Hong-Ping He, Pema-Tenzin Puno
{"title":"Silvaticusins A–D: ent-kaurane diterpenoids and a cyclobutane-containing ent-kaurane dimer from Isodon silvaticus","authors":"Qi-Xiu Hai, Kun Hu, Su-Ping Chen, Yang-Yang Fu, Xiao-Nian Li, Han-Dong Sun, Hong-Ping He, Pema-Tenzin Puno","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00465-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00465-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three new <i>ent</i>-kaurane diterpenoids, silvaticusins A–C (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>), along with a new <i>ent</i>-kaurane dimer silvaticusin D (<b>4</b>) were isolated from the aerial parts of <i>Isodon silvaticus</i>. The structures of these new compounds were established mainly by comprehensive analysis of their NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of compounds <b>1</b> and <b>4</b> were determined using a single-crystal X-ray diffraction and computational methods, respectively. Compounds <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> were found to exhibit remarkable cytotoxic effects against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, and SW-480), with IC<sub>50</sub> values spanning from 1.27 ± 0.08 to 7.52 ± 0.33 μM.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11324621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suqin Yang, Jingtao Huang, Wenjing Tan, Xiankun Xia, Dali Gan, Yalei Ren, Hanwen Su, Meixian Xiang
{"title":"Xiaoyankangjun tablet alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by regulating gut microbiota and JAK2/STAT3 pathway","authors":"Suqin Yang, Jingtao Huang, Wenjing Tan, Xiankun Xia, Dali Gan, Yalei Ren, Hanwen Su, Meixian Xiang","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00468-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00468-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Xiaoyankangjun tablet (XYKJP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used to treat intestinal disorders in clinical practice. However, the specific therapeutic mechanism of action of XYKJP in colitis has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to reveal the multifaceted mechanisms of action of XYKJP in treating colitis. The model established based on DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice was employed to estimate the effect of XYKJP on colitis, which was then followed by histological assessment, 16S rRNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot. XYKJP alleviated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis mainly by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and intestinal mucosal repair in colitis tissues. In addition, XYKJP regulated the intestinal flora by increasing the relative abundance of <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and reducing the relative abundance of <i>Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002</i>. Mechanistically, XYKJP increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces, particularly propanoic acid and butyric acid, activated their specific receptor GPR43/41, furthermore activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and suppressed the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. XYKJP significantly alleviated the symptoms of experimental colitis and functioned synergistically by regulating the intestinal flora, increasing the production of SCFAs, and activating their specific receptors, thereby repressing oxidative stress and inflammation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: Metabolism characterization and toxicity of N-hydap, a marine candidate drug for lung cancer therapy by LC–MS method","authors":"Jindi Lu, Weimin Liang, Yiwei Hu, Xi Zhang, Ping Yu, Meiqun Cai, Danni Xie, Qiong Zhou, Xuefeng Zhou, Yonghong Liu, Junfeng Wang, Jiayin Guo, Lan Tang","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00464-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00464-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural approaches for the management of ulcerative colitis: evidence of preclinical and clinical investigations","authors":"Rudra Narayan Subudhi, Neelam Poonia, Dilpreet Singh, Vimal Arora","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00463-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00463-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurring autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent inflammation in the mucosal lining of the lower part of the large intestine. Conventional treatment options such as salicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants often come with severe side effects, limited bioavailability, and the development of drug resistance, which hampers their therapeutic effectiveness. Therefore, it is imperative to explore natural strategies as safe and alternative treatments for UC. Currently, around 40% of UC patients find relief through natural constituents, which can help reduce toxic side effects and maintain clinical remission. This review aims to provide a summary of both preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of various natural substances in the prophylaxis of UC. These natural options include plant extracts, essential oils, nutraceuticals, and phytochemicals. Furthermore, we will delve into the potential mechanisms that underlie the protective and curative actions of these novel herbal agents. In summary, this review will explore the effectiveness of natural remedies for UC, shedding light on their preclinical and clinical findings and the mechanisms behind their therapeutic actions. These alternatives offer hope for improved treatment outcomes and reduced side effects for individuals suffering from this challenging autoimmune condition.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankang Song, Yanbo Li, Wei Wang, Yueqi Hu, Junjie Xu, Zhixin Xu, Li Zhou, Jikai Liu
{"title":"Revealing the effect of sea buckthorn oil, fish oil and structured lipid on intestinal microbiota, colonic short chain fatty acid composition and serum lipid profiles in vivo","authors":"Ankang Song, Yanbo Li, Wei Wang, Yueqi Hu, Junjie Xu, Zhixin Xu, Li Zhou, Jikai Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00461-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00461-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the effects of sea buckthorn oil (SBO), fish oil (FO) and an enzymatically synthesized structured lipid (SL) on serum, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and intestinal microbiota in Sprague–Dawley (<i>SD</i>) rats were investigated. The results demonstrated that FO, SBO, and SL effectively reduced the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of <i>SD</i> rats. SBO increased serum triglyceride levels, while FO elevated total cholesterol levels. Furthermore, all three dietary lipids decreased short-chain fatty acid production and enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity. FO increased the abundance of intestinal microbiota including <i>Romboutsia</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>, and <i>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group</i>. Conversely, all three dietary lipids reduced the abundance of <i>Klebsiella</i> and <i>Blautia</i>. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the functionality of SBO and FO as well as their potential application in synthesizing novel SLs to regulate intestinal microbiota.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felaine Anne Sumang, Alan Ward, Jeff Errington, Yousef Dashti
{"title":"Hibiscus acid and hydroxycitric acid dimethyl esters from Hibiscus flowers induce production of dithiolopyrrolone antibiotics by Streptomyces Strain MBN2-2","authors":"Felaine Anne Sumang, Alan Ward, Jeff Errington, Yousef Dashti","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00460-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00460-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plants and microbes are closely associated with each other in their ecological niches. Much has been studied about plant–microbe interactions, but little is known about the effect of phytochemicals on microbes at the molecular level. To access the products of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters in bacteria, we incorporated an organic extract of hibiscus flowers into the culture media of different Actinobacteria isolated from plant rhizospheres. This approach led to the production of broad-spectrum dithiolopyrrolone (DTP) antibiotics, thiolutin (<b>1</b>) and aureothricin (<b>2</b>), by <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. MBN2-2. The compounds from the hibiscus extract responsible for triggering the production of these two DTPs were found to be hibiscus acid dimethyl ester (<b>3</b>) and hydroxycitric acid 1,3-dimethyl ester (<b>4</b>). It was subsequently found that the addition of either Fe<sup>2+</sup> or Fe<sup>3+</sup> to culture media induced the production of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>. The Chrome Azurol S (CAS) assay revealed that <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> can chelate iron, and therefore, the mechanism leading to the production of thiolutin and aureothricin appears to be related to changes in iron concentration levels. This work supports the idea that phytochemicals can be used to activate the production of cryptic microbial biosynthetic gene clusters and further understand plant–microbe interactions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Ma, Xu-Yao Feng, Jiang-Jiang Tang, Wei Ha, Yan-Ping Shi
{"title":"5α-Epoxyalantolactone from Inula macrophylla attenuates cognitive deficits in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s disease mice model","authors":"Rui Ma, Xu-Yao Feng, Jiang-Jiang Tang, Wei Ha, Yan-Ping Shi","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00462-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00462-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition. 5<i>α</i>-epoxyalantolactone (5<i>α</i>-EAL), a eudesmane-type sesquiterpene isolated from the herb of <i>Inula macrophylla</i>, has various pharmacological effects. This work supposed to investigate the improved impact of 5<i>α</i>-EAL on cognitive impairment. 5<i>α</i>-EAL inhibited the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in BV-2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an EC<sub>50</sub> of 6.2 μM. 5<i>α</i>-EAL significantly reduced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE<sub>2</sub>) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while also inhibiting the production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins. The ability of 5<i>α</i>-EAL to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was confirmed via a parallel artificial membrane permeation assay. Scopolamine (SCOP)-induced AD mice model was employed to assess the improved impacts of 5<i>α</i>-EAL on cognitive impairment in vivo. After the mice were pretreated with 5<i>α</i>-EAL (10 and 30 mg/kg per day, <i>i.p.</i>) for 21 days, the behavioral experiments indicated that the administration of the 5<i>α</i>-EAL could alleviate the cognitive and memory impairments. 5<i>α</i>-EAL significantly reduced the AChE activity in the brain of SCOP-induced AD mice. In summary, these findings highlight the beneficial effects of the natural product 5<i>α</i>-EAL as a potential bioactive compound for attenuating cognitive deficits in AD due to its pharmacological profile.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofya S. Starnovskaya, Liliana E. Nesterenko, Roman S. Popov, Natalya N. Kirichuk, Viktoria E. Chausova, Ekaterina A. Chingizova, Artur R. Chingizov, Marina P. Isaeva, Ekaterina A. Yurchenko, Anton N. Yurchenko
{"title":"Metabolite profiles of Paragliomastix luzulae (formerly named as Acremonium striatisporum) KMM 4401 and its co-cultures with Penicillium hispanicum KMM 4689","authors":"Sofya S. Starnovskaya, Liliana E. Nesterenko, Roman S. Popov, Natalya N. Kirichuk, Viktoria E. Chausova, Ekaterina A. Chingizova, Artur R. Chingizov, Marina P. Isaeva, Ekaterina A. Yurchenko, Anton N. Yurchenko","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00459-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00459-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The marine holothurian-derived fungal strain KMM 4401 has been identified as <i>Paragliomastix luzulae</i> using 28S rDNA, ITS regions and the partial <i>TEF1</i> gene sequences. The metabolite profile of the fungal culture was studied by UPLC-MS technique. The strain KMM 4401 is a source of various virescenoside-type isopimarane glycosides suggested as chemotaxonomic feature for this fungal species. Also <i>Px. luzulae</i> KMM 4401 was proposed as possible source of new bioactive secondary metabolites especially antimicrobials. Moreover, the co-cultures of <i>Px. luzulae</i> KMM 4401 with another marine fungus <i>Penicillium hispanicum</i> KMM 4689 inoculated simultaneously or after two weeks were investigated by same way. It was shown, that <i>P. hispanicum</i> KMM 4689 suppressed the production of most of <i>Px. luzulae</i> KMM 4401 metabolites. On the other hand, the co-cultivation of <i>P. hispanicum</i> KMM 4689 and <i>Px. luzulae</i> KMM 4401 resulted in increasing of production of main deoxyisoaustamide alkaloids of <i>P. hispanicum</i> KMM 4689 on 50–190%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-024-00459-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141334867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Song-Yu Hou, Bing-Chao Yan, Han-Dong Sun, Pema-Tenzin Puno
{"title":"Recent advances in the application of [2 + 2] cycloaddition in the chemical synthesis of cyclobutane-containing natural products","authors":"Song-Yu Hou, Bing-Chao Yan, Han-Dong Sun, Pema-Tenzin Puno","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00457-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00457-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyclobutanes are distributed widely in a large class of natural products featuring diverse pharmaceutical activities and intricate structural frameworks. The [2 + 2] cycloaddition is unequivocally the primary and most commonly used method for synthesizing cyclobutanes. In this review, we have summarized the application of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition with different reaction mechanisms in the chemical synthesis of selected cyclobutane-containing natural products over the past decade.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethnopharmacological study on Adenosma buchneroides Bonati inhibiting inflammation via the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway","authors":"Yuru Shi, Xiaoqian Zhang, Shengji Pei, Yuhua Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13659-024-00458-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-024-00458-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Adenosma buchneroides</i> Bonati, also known as fleagrass, is an important medicinal plant used by the Akha (Hani) people of China for treating inflammation-related skin swelling, acne, and diarrhoea, among other conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities and explore the molecular mechanisms of fleagrass on treating skin swelling and acne. The results demonstrated that fleagrass inhibited the enzymatic activities of 5-LOX and COX-2 in vitro, and decreased the release of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The levels of proteins associated with the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway were examined by western blotting and immunofluorescence, demonstrating that fleagrass downregulated the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB/p65, and iNOS and blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65. Furthermore, fleagrass exhibited acute anti-inflammatory activity in paw oedema models. The results confirm that fleagrass exhibits remarkable anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in alleviating inflammation, suggesting that fleagrass has the potential to be a novel anti-inflammatory agent.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}