Natural Products and Bioprospecting最新文献

{"title":"Kaemphenolide: a cyclobutane-bearing phenylpropanoid from Kaempferia galanga L. with nitric oxide inhibitory activity","authors":"Syarifatul Mufidah,&nbsp;Yusaku Miyamae,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Fuchino,&nbsp;Nobuo Kawahara","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00547-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00547-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An undescribed phenylpropanoid dimer featuring a rare cyclobutane ring was isolated from the rhizomes of <i>Kaempferia galanga</i> L., a medicinal plant traditionally used in Southeast Asia for its anti-inflammatory and therapeutic properties. Kaemphenolide (<b>1</b>), along with five known constituents, was obtained by separations of methanolic extract using chromatography. The presence of a cyclobutane ring within the phenylpropanoid scaffold represents an unusual structural motif among natural products and underscores the chemical uniqueness of this molecule. To evaluate its biological relevance, <b>1</b> was tested for its ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The compound exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 23.1 ± 6.40 µM.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00547-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of chemical constituents from Nicotiana tabacum L. in Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Hao-Jing Zang,&nbsp;Xiao-Lin Bai,&nbsp;Xue-Yi Sui,&nbsp;Xiao-Rui Zhai,&nbsp;Yong-Cui Wang,&nbsp;Zhong-Quan Xin,&nbsp;Qiu-Yuan Yin,&nbsp;Xiao-Jiang Hao,&nbsp;Yue-Hu Wang,&nbsp;Xun Liao,&nbsp;Ying-Tong Di","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00541-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00541-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder globally, arises from selective dopaminergic neuron degeneration. While current therapies address symptoms, disease-modifying agents remain an unmet need. Herein, we investigated <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. (Solanaceae), a plant linked epidemiologically to reduced PD risk, as a source of multi-target neuroprotective compounds. From ultra-low nicotine (&lt; 0.04%) tobacco leaves, we isolated 22 molecules, including a novel 21-norsesterterpenoid (Nicotiazanorpenoid A) and eight previously unreported compounds. Systematic evaluation revealed three synergistic neuroprotective mechanisms: (1) Antioxidant activity: Scopoletin (<b>3</b>) and isoferulic acid (<b>6</b>) showed significant radical scavenging capacity (ABTS assay; IC₅₀ = 27.74, and 18.13 μM, respectively); (2) Neuronal protection: <i>cis</i>-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester (<b>14</b>) enhanced survival (93.94% vs. control) in 6-OHDA-induced PC12 cells, surpassing rasagiline (88.36% at equivalent concentrations); (3) MAO-B inhibition: five compounds displayed selective inhibition, with scopoletin (<b>3</b>) exhibiting highest potency (<i>K</i>_i = 20.7 μM). Notably, plant prostaglandins (<b>10/11</b>) were identified as competitive MAO-B inhibitors first time through molecular docking and 100-ns MD simulations, revealing stable binding at the FAD site (ΔG = − 10.42, and − 9.75 kcal/mol, respectively).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00541-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strophioglandins A–C, highly rearranged norditerpenoids with an unusual tricyclo[6.4.1.04,13]tridecane core from Strophioblachia glandulosa var. cordifolia","authors":"Jian-Kai Xia,&nbsp;Lei-Ming Wu,&nbsp;Wei-Ye Wu,&nbsp;Dong Huang,&nbsp;Fang-Yu Yuan,&nbsp;Lei Li,&nbsp;Shu-Qi Wu,&nbsp;Yan-Jiang Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Yuan,&nbsp;Xin Chen,&nbsp;Gui-Hua Tang,&nbsp;Jia-Luo Huang,&nbsp;Sheng Yin","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00548-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00548-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strophioglandins A−C (<b>1</b>−<b>3</b>), three highly rearranged norditerpenoids featuring an unusual tricyclo[6.4.1.0^4,13]tridecane core, were isolated from <i>Strophioblachia glandulosa</i> var. <i>cordifolia</i>. Integrated spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystallography, and ECD calculations synergistically determined their molecular architectures. Remarkably, all compounds manifested potent anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 7.83 ± 1.11 to 15.09 ± 1.21 μM. Mechanism study revealed that strophioglandin A (<b>1</b>), the most potent compound, could suppress the expression of multiple inflammatory factors by inhibiting the P38 and Erk1/2 MAPK signaling pathways.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00548-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lobetyolin, an anti-AD factor from the diet campanulaceae source, metabolism regulation and target exploration","authors":"Wen Huang,&nbsp;Yihan Liu,&nbsp;Haixin Jiang,&nbsp;Dongxue Guo,&nbsp;Yi Song,&nbsp;Junqi Wang,&nbsp;Luqi Li,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00549-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00549-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bioactive compounds from food-compatible medicinal herbs have shown promise as preventive agents against age-related neurodegenerative conditions, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present work aimed to find Lobetyolin as a new suppressor of Aβ aggregation and its interventions on abnormal metabolism in AD. Aβ-expressing <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (strain CL4176) and wild-type worms were employed to evaluate paralysis onset, lifespan, cerebral Aβ deposition, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) after Lobetyolin administration. Untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) metabolomics coupled with RNA-seq transcriptomics was carried out to profile systemic metabolic and gene-expression changes. Differential metabolites and transcripts were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway-impact analyses; hub targets were prioritized by integrating enrichment scores with in-silico docking. Lobetyolin (12.5–50 µM) markedly protected <i>C. elegans</i> from Aβ-driven toxicity and oxidative stress. In CL2006 worms, β-amyloid deposits fell by 54.8 ± 9.4%, while paralysis in CL4176 was delayed by 20.9 ± 4.5%. Lifespan increased by up to 18.2% in CL4176 and 25.0% in wild-type N2 worms. Concomitantly, intracellular ROS declined maximally by 28.1 ± 8.9% (N2) and 22.4 ± 3.8% (CL4176). Integrative metabolomic–transcriptomic analyses, validated by RT-qPCR, revealed selective remodeling of glutathione metabolism: gst-38 expression was suppressed, whereas gst-1 was elevated. Lobetyolin confers neuroprotective and geroprotective benefits in <i>vivo</i>, primarily through reprogramming glutathione-centered redox metabolism and selectively modulating glutathione-S-transferases (GST) isoforms. These findings position Lobetyolin as a promising dietary lead compound for AD prevention and healthy aging interventions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00549-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nidulin stimulates glucose uptake in myotubes through the IRS-AKT pathway and alters redox balance and intracellular calcium","authors":"Kanittha Chantarasakha,&nbsp;Arunrat Yangchum,&nbsp;Masahiko Isaka,&nbsp;Surapun Tepaamorndech","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00546-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00546-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nidulin is a secondary metabolite of the depsidone family produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., and has shown promises in pharmacological applications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nidulin on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, the primary site of physiological glucose disposal, and its underlying mechanisms. Using a 2-[³H]-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) uptake assay, nidulin stimulated 2-DG in L6 myotubes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This effect of nidulin was additive to insulin and metformin, and remained effective under palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance. At the molecular level, nidulin upregulated the mRNA expression and promoted membrane translocation of glucose transporters, GLUT4 and GLUT1. Although nidulin activated AMPK and p38 signaling, pharmacological inhibition of this pathway had minimal effect on nidulin-enhanced 2-DG uptake activity. Notably, nidulin activated key insulin signaling proteins, including IRS1, AKT, and p44/42, and its effect was attenuated by an AKT inhibitor. This study further compared the upstream mechanism of nidulin with that of insulin. While nidulin did not directly activate the insulin receptor β-subunit, it modulated redox homeostasis and intracellular calcium, evidenced by increased cytosolic H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ levels. The 2-DG uptake-enhancing effect of nidulin and its activation of AKT were suppressed by either an antioxidant or calcium chelator treatment. These findings position nidulin as a promising insulin-sensitizing agent, offering mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential for improving glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00546-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chalasoergodimers A–E, heterodimers with multiple polymerization modes from a marine-derived Chaetomium sp. fungus","authors":"Ze-Hong Lin,&nbsp;Han-Wen Shan,&nbsp;Li-Kun Yang,&nbsp;Tian-Tian Sun,&nbsp;Li-Ying He,&nbsp;Hui-Fang Du,&nbsp;Ya-Hui Zhang,&nbsp;Shan Liu,&nbsp;Xu Wang,&nbsp;Du-Qiang Luo,&nbsp;Fei Cao","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00544-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00544-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Five new heterodimers, chalasoergodimers A–E (<b>1</b>–<b>5</b>), and three known heterodimers (<b>6</b>–<b>8</b>), along with four chaetoglobosin monomers (<b>9</b>–<b>12</b>), were isolated from a marine-derived <i>Chaetomium</i> sp. fungus. The structures of new compounds <b>1</b>–<b>5</b> were elucidated by HRESIMS, NMR, chemical calculated ¹³C NMR and ECD methods. Among them, compound <b>1</b> was derived from C-2′ substitution of chaetoglobosin Fex (<b>9</b>) with ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3<i>β</i>-ol, representing a new dimerization mode among chaetoglobosin-ergosterol derivative hybrids. Compound <b>2</b> featured substitution at NH-1′ and constituted the first example of this dimeric type bearing an <i>R</i>-configuration at C-3′′. Compounds <b>3</b>–<b>5</b> were formed via a Diels–Alder cycloaddition between chaetoglobosins and 14-dehydroergosterol. Furthermore, it was revealed that compound <b>9</b>–<b>12</b> exhibited the significant cytotoxic activity against the human non-small cell lung cancer cell (A549), with compound <b>12</b> showing the most potent effect at an IC₅₀ of 5.14 μM.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00544-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stingless bee propolis: a comprehensive review of chemical constituents and health efficacy","authors":"Nosiba A. Alsarayrah,&nbsp;Rafeezul Mohamed,&nbsp;Eshaifol A. Omar","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00545-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00545-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Propolis, consisting of plant-derived materials, wax, and bee secretions, is abundant in bioactive constituents like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and terpenes, which enhance its various biological functions. These encompass antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory properties. Propolis has demonstrated effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of multiple illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, infections, diabetes, wound healing, and burns. Its extensive health benefits endorse its application in medications, nutritional supplements, and cosmetics, where it is acknowledged as a safe and efficacious natural product. Propolis, whether utilized in its raw state, as extracts, or in conjunction with other products, exhibits considerable promise in alternative medicine and nutritional health. Propolis extracts are crucial to examine as a key component in health and wellness, offering prospective applications in disease prevention and therapeutic support Further research is necessary to clarify its molecular mechanisms, examine potential allergic reactions, and determine ideal dosages for various ages. This article provides a comprehensive comparative examination of various propolis types, emphasizing their distinct phytochemical contents and varying biological effects concurrently. It integrates results from both in vitro and in vivo investigations, enhancing the comprehension of health applications and mechanisms of action, grounded comparisons in pertinent prior studies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00545-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel polysaccharide in Polygonatum kingianum: structure elucidation, the activities of anti-inflammatory and the regulation of gut microbiota in vitro","authors":"Xiao Han,&nbsp;Xin-Xiu Ren,&nbsp;Dan-Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Qin-Feng Guo,&nbsp;Shi-Meng Li,&nbsp;Zhi-Long Xiu,&nbsp;Yue-Sheng Dong","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00542-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00542-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polysaccharides are the primary active constituents of <i>Polygonatum kingianum</i> Coll. et Hemsl. However, the comprehensive characterization of <i>P</i>. <i>kingianum</i> polysaccharides (PKP) remains scarce, impeding investigations into the structure–activity relationship. In this study, a novel polysaccharide, PKP1, was purified using Cellulose DE-52 and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography, and its complete structure was elucidated through monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis, as well as 1D and 2D NMR analysis. The results revealed that PKP1 primarily comprised Fru and Glc, exhibiting a molecular weight of 5.3 × 10³ Da and a polymer dispersity index of 1.20. The completed structure of PKP1 consisted of β-D-Fru<i>f</i>-(2 → , → 1,2)-β-D-Fru<i>f</i>-(6 → , → 1)-β-D-Fru<i>f</i>-(2 → and → 1)-α-D-Glc<i>p</i>-(6 → as the main chain sugar residues, with β-D-Fru<i>f</i>-(2 → and → 2)-β-D-Fru<i>f</i>-(6 → serving as the side chains sugar residues. The detailed structure of PKP1 suggested it is a novel Fru-dominated neutral polysaccharide. Biological assays indicated that PKP1 significantly reduced the levels of NO, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 macrophages, while also exerting regulatory effects on the gut microbiota structure and its metabolites in vitro. Our findings enriched the understanding of the structural characteristics of <i>P</i>. <i>kingianum</i> polysaccharides and laid a solid foundation for considering <i>P</i>. <i>kingianum</i> as a potential functional food supplement.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00542-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: New acetogenin katsuurallene from Laurencia saitoi collected from Katsuura, Japan","authors":"Yu Minamida,&nbsp;Hiroshi Matsuura,&nbsp;Takahiro Ishii,&nbsp;Miyu Miyagi,&nbsp;Yuto Shinjo,&nbsp;Kosuke Sato,&nbsp;Takashi Kamada,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Mihara,&nbsp;Iwao Togashi,&nbsp;Keisuke Sugimoto,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Abe,&nbsp;Norio Kikuchi,&nbsp;Minoru Suzuki","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00538-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00538-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00538-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(+)-/(−)-Ormohenins A and B, two pairs of ormosanine-type enantiomers and their derivatives with neuroprotective activity from Ormosia henryi Prain","authors":"Ming Cheng,&nbsp;Xian-Si Zeng,&nbsp;Zhao-Yun Yin,&nbsp;Xiao-Yan Xie,&nbsp;Jia-Wen Zhu,&nbsp;Jian-Feng Wang,&nbsp;Ying-Kun Sheng,&nbsp;Jin-Biao Xu","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00539-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00539-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two pairs of undescribed alkaloid enantiomers, (+)-/(−)-ormohenins A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>), were isolated from the seeds of <i>Ormosia henryi</i> Prain, along with four undescribed alkaloids (<b>3</b>, <b>4</b>,<b> 7</b> and <b>8</b>) and seven known ones (<b>5</b>, <b>6</b>, <b>9</b>–<b>13</b>). Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> belong to the ormosanine-type alkaloids, compounds <b>7</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> are of the lupinine-type, compounds <b>8</b> and <b>10</b> are classified as anagyrine-type alkaloids, <b>12</b> and <b>13</b> are cytisine-type alkaloids. The chemical structures of <b>1</b>–<b>13</b> were elucidated through comprehensive NMR and MS data analyses. Furthermore, the racemates (±)-<b>1</b> and (±)-<b>2</b> were successfully resolved into their respective optically pure enantiomers using a chiral HPLC system. The absolute configurations of compounds <b>1–3</b> were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and corroborated by DFT calculations of specific rotations. The absolute configurations of <b>4</b>, <b>7</b>, and <b>8</b> were assigned by the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) with those predicted using TDDFT calculations. Compound <b>12</b> exhibited significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity with the IC₅₀ value of 6.581 ± 1.203 μM. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds against A<i>β</i>_25-35 induced cell damage in PC12 cells were investigated, and compounds<b> 3</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>12</b> exhibited significant neuroprotective effects against A<i>β</i>_25-35 induced PC12 cell damage, with the EC₅₀ values of 7.99–15.49 μM, respectively.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00539-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}