S. Senthil Murugan, E. Shankar, Subhaschandra Kattimani, V. R. Abish, G. Anbu, A. R. Avinash
{"title":"Analysis of 3D-Printed Nylon/PETG Hybrid Polymer Laminate Plate for Wind Turbine Nacelle Application","authors":"S. Senthil Murugan, E. Shankar, Subhaschandra Kattimani, V. R. Abish, G. Anbu, A. R. Avinash","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01422-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-024-01422-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to develop hybrid polymer laminate (HPL) structure utilizing the 3D printing fused filament fabrication (FFF) method and analyze the printing process. The HPL plates were fabricated using PETG and nylon 66 thermoplastic polymers at varying infill densities, printing speeds, and layer thicknesses. The experimental setup followed a fixed matrix based on the L9 orthogonal array (OA). Each HPL consisted of a bottom layer printed with nylon 66, with PETG layers sandwiched on top. Subsequently, the samples underwent testing using a UTM m/c to assess their tensile and flexural strength, as well as printing efficiency. Warping was observed on the printed samples, with a maximum tensile strength of 27 MPa and flexural strength of 14.5 MPa recorded. Notably, different strength values were observed when altering printing parameters. While the printing process was successful, the resulting HPL exhibited slightly lower strength compared to PETG or nylon 66 filaments. The study achieved a maximum printing efficiency of 90% (η), with the layer thickness parameter significantly impacting tensile properties. These findings offer valuable insights and required for various industrial applications, including wind turbines, electronics, automotive, and aeronautics.</p>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.788,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivam Srivastava, Anjani K. Pandey, Chandra K. Dixit
{"title":"Shape and Size Dependent Behaviour of Melting Temperature for Nanoparticles","authors":"Shivam Srivastava, Anjani K. Pandey, Chandra K. Dixit","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01430-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-024-01430-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study is an theoretical attempt to predict the variation of melting temperature of some nanoparticles with shape and size from simple theoretical model. The theoretical model is based on cohesive energy of nanoparticles in compression with the bulk materials. Here we have considered Sn, Au, Ag, Al, Ni and Pb nanoparticles for the study of shape and size dependence behaviour of melting temperature. The overall study found that the melting temperature of nanomaterials is depend on shape and size and the value of melting temperature increases with increase in size of nano solids. Further, It has been observed that nano film shape have highest melting point and regular tetrahedron shape has lowest melting point among all the considered shape.</p>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.788,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wavelet Transform Associated with Quadratic-Phase Hankel Transform","authors":"Chandra Roy, Tanuj Kumar, Akhilesh Prasad, Govind Kumar Jha","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01423-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-024-01423-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we construct a new wavelet transform in the framework of the quadratic-phase Hankel transform. Further, we establish the Parseval’s relation and reconstruction formula of continuous quadratic-phase Hankel wavelet transform.</p>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.788,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Somala Karthik, Gummudala Yashaswini, M. S. Sai Reddy, U. Mukherjee
{"title":"Unveiling the Bacterial Endosymbionts in Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Davis): An Unexplored Dimension of Infection Dynamics","authors":"Somala Karthik, Gummudala Yashaswini, M. S. Sai Reddy, U. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01425-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-024-01425-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mustard aphid, <i>Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae</i> is an insect pest that feeds on phloem sap, causing significant damage to crops through direct feeding and virus transmission. This pest species harbors both primary and secondary endosymbionts that play crucial roles in their survival and interaction with the host plant. Among these endosymbionts, <i>Buchnera aphidicola</i> is the primary symbiont that compensates for nutrient deficiencies in the phloem sap diet, while several secondary endosymbionts, like <i>Wolbachia</i> sp, <i>Arsenophonus</i> sp, <i>Rickettsia</i> sp, <i>Hamiltonella</i> sp, <i>Serratia</i> sp and <i>Cardinium</i> sp serve various functional roles in the aphids. To understand the association between these primary and secondary endosymbionts in <i>L. e. pseudobrassicae</i>, we conducted species confirmation studies in 16 populations collected from 13 different states and 1 Union territory in India and used species-specific primers targeting 16S <i>rRNA</i> gene to detect the presence of these endosymbionts. The PCR amplification confirmed the occurrence of <i>Buchnera</i> sp in all individual aphids with 100% occurrence, followed by <i>Wolbachia</i> sp, <i>Rickettsia</i> sp, and <i>Hamiltonella</i> sp with 81.25% incidence and <i>Cardinium</i> sp least (31.25%). Overall, the current study revealed the presence of bacterial endosymbionts in <i>L. e. pseudobrassicae</i> populations from India, indicating the need for further research to better understand the implications of these endosymbionts on the biology of aphids and their potential impacts on crop health and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.788,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shallow Convolution Neural Network Architecture for Malignancy Identification from Brain Images","authors":"Chandni, Monika Sachdeva, Alok Kumar Singh Kushwaha","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01420-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40009-024-01420-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A brain tumor is characterised by abnormal cell growth in the human brain that can be non-cancerous or malignant (cancerous). Early detection of this malignancy can help to cure it timely and reduce the mortality rate. Technological advancements and the emergence of machine learning and deep learning techniques have aided radiologists in the diagnosis of tumors without the use of invasive methods. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a popular deep learning architecture that contributes significantly to automating computer vision tasks that otherwise need human intelligence. This paper presents a shallow CNN architecture for the automatic classification of brain images as healthy or malignant. The Grid Search method is employed for architecture design as well as to configure shallow CNN with optimal hyper-parameters. The proposed CNN model is much simpler and shallower as compared to existing pre-trained CNN models, requiring fewer computational resources. It also provides accuracy comparable to the pioneer methods for malignancy identification on two public datasets of brain images without using segmentation and hand-crafted feature engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"47 6","pages":"687 - 690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glabrin from Pongamia pinnata: Structural Insights and Antibacterial Potential","authors":"Gaurav Bhatt, Anuma Singh, Aditya N. Panda, Sudip Mitra, Latha Rangan","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01429-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-024-01429-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glabrin, a bioactive compound first discovered in <i>Pongamia pinnata</i> seeds has sparked interest for its putative antibacterial potential. In this study, we present a simple and rapid method for the isolation of Glabrin followed by its structural characterization using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and single X-ray crystallography (XRD). Furthermore, <i>in silico</i> and in vitro assessments were conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial nature of Glabrin. Additionally, the mode of antibacterial action was elucidated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), cell leakage assays, and flow cytometry. Our findings provide insights into the antimicrobial potential of Glabrin and its mechanism of action against bacterial pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.788,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Slope Stability Analysis of Earthen Dam under Seismic Loading","authors":"Neha Chaudhary, Kumar Venkatesh","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01426-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-024-01426-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researches in geotechnical engineering and day-to-day up-gradation in the earth moving machineries have enabled the construction of high earthen dams more easy and safe. With changing seismic conditions of the tectonic plates, it has become important to design each structure in a way it can withstand various earthquake conditions. Although, flexibility of soil material offers good seismic stability to the structures but stability of earthen structures depends largely on geometry, material properties and different conditions it has to bear during its design life. An earthen dam designed keeping all these aspects in mind, is a cost-efficient method of retaining water. This work is centered around the analysis of slope stability of a section of Durgawati Earthen Dam built in Kaimur district of Bihar. The study takes into concern the behavior of slope of the earthen dam under different drawdown conditions along with seismic conditions developed. Various methods have been developed for slope stability analysis but all have some or the other limitations. Thus, the exact behavior of the dam in real-time is not predictable. Here, a comparative analysis of conventional method and finite element method has been run. In the study, it has been found that the difference in conventional and finite element method can reach upto 40%. The change of factor of safety (FOS) in different situations gives us an overview of the crucial phase in dam’s design life.</p>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.788,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vinod K. Padala, N. Ramya, D. Sagar, Hemant Kumar, Mohit Sharma, S. Subramanian
{"title":"Host Nutrition vis-a-vis Fatty Acid Profile and Reproductive Biology of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)","authors":"Vinod K. Padala, N. Ramya, D. Sagar, Hemant Kumar, Mohit Sharma, S. Subramanian","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01410-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40009-024-01410-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J.E. Smith), is a notorious invasive insect pest of many important agricultural crops. Fatty acids play a major role in various physiological processes of the insects which are essential for growth, development and overall insect fitness. The present study was conducted to understand the effect of different hosts such as meridic diet, baby corn and castor on fatty acid profile and on biology of the fall armyworm. The highest per cent of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) viz., linoleic acid was recorded in adults of meridic diet fed larvae both in male (44.18 ± 0.02) and females (39.84 ± 0.13) as compared to saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Highest saturated fatty acids such as palmitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0) found in adults of baby corn fed larvae in male (40.97 ± 0.18) and castor fed larvae in female (42.10 ± 0.01). The monounsaturated fatty acids per cent were maximum in adults of castor fed larvae (61.48 ± 0.31) in male and baby corn fed larvae in female (56.64 ± 0.23). The highest pupal weight (0.22 ± 0.004 g), male (11.17 ± 0.32 days) and female (12.58 ± 0.28 days) longevity were observed in larvae fed on baby corn. The meridic diet proved as suitable host for rearing with highest gonadosomatic index (GSI) (36.97 ± 1.97), fecundity (1378 ± 70.50 eggs per female) and fertility (91.43 ± 0.71%). This study helps in understanding the effect of host nutrition on fatty acid content in fall armyworm in relation to its reproductive biology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"47 6","pages":"607 - 611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raushan Kumar, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Mona Ebrahim Mohammad Bin Mabkhoot, Fauzia Ashfaq, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
{"title":"Hesperidin Protects from High-Fat Diet-induced Oxidative Stress in Experimental Hyperlipidemic Wistar Rats","authors":"Raushan Kumar, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Mona Ebrahim Mohammad Bin Mabkhoot, Fauzia Ashfaq, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01405-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40009-024-01405-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been reported that a high-fat diet (HFD) causes systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which may damage the structural integrity of erythrocytes and alter their ability to withstand deformation. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of HFD feeding on erythrocyte reactive oxygen species levels, osmotic fragility, membrane malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and Na<sup>+</sup>K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity in male Wistar rats, as well as the protective role of hesperidin in maintaining these parameters. The rat hyperlipidemic model was produced by treating it with an atherogenic suspension once daily for 30 days and supplementing it with hesperidin doses of 100 mg/kg body weight (orally) for 30 days. We found a significant rise in ROS production, osmotic fragility, PCO, and MDA levels, as well as a decrease in Na<sup>+</sup>K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity. Hesperidin supplementation protects HFD-fed rats from oxidative damage and maintains the integrity of erythrocytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"47 6","pages":"629 - 632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shikha Dwivedi, Shefalee Singh, Adeel Ahmad Khan, Manoj Kumar, Sunil P. Trivedi
{"title":"Cyto-genotoxic Alterations in Erythrocytes of Fish, Channa Punctatus Exposed to Benzo[a]Pyrene","authors":"Shikha Dwivedi, Shefalee Singh, Adeel Ahmad Khan, Manoj Kumar, Sunil P. Trivedi","doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01418-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40009-024-01418-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a source of profound global concern due to its intrinsic toxicity and potential to cause deleterious impacts on aquatic organisms. This study aims to assess B[a]P-induced genotoxic perturbations in fish, <i>Channa punctatus</i>. The experiment was designed for a 96-hour acute exposure period, involving four groups i.e., I- control, II- solvent control, III- 1/20th of 96-h LC<sub>50,</sub> and IV- 1/10th of 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> of B[a]P, respectively, with four fish in each group. Following the completion of the 96-hour exposure period, micronuclei (MN), nuclear abnormalities (NAs), and DNA tail% were evaluated in the erythrocytes of test fish. Significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increments in MN, NAs, and DNA tail% were recorded in both the B[a]P exposed groups after a 96-h exposure period. The study conclusively confirms the DNA damage induced by B[a]P and underscores its profound significance in the conservation and effective mitigation of fish diversity in delicate aquatic ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":717,"journal":{"name":"National Academy Science Letters","volume":"47 6","pages":"625 - 628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}