Additive manufacturing最新文献_第2页

Microstructure control in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V during high-power laser powder bed fusion 在高功率激光粉末床熔融过程中控制增材制造 Ti-6Al-4V 的微观结构

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104573

Sahil Dhiman , Viswanath Chinthapenta , Milan Brandt , Daniel Fabijanic , Wei Xu

{"title":"Microstructure control in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V during high-power laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Sahil Dhiman , Viswanath Chinthapenta , Milan Brandt , Daniel Fabijanic , Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a premier additive manufacturing (AM) process capable of making intricate metallic parts with short lead time, but its widespread industrial acceptance is still limited due to its low build rate in producing high-quality near net-shape parts. Herein, we have demonstrated the capability of employing high laser power LPBF for the manufacture of quality Ti-6Al-4V at a much-increased build rate, combined with decent dimensional accuracy, suitable microstructure, and superior mechanical performance. Compared to LPBF under low laser power (≤ 400 W), high laser power (600 W) LPBF offers a much narrower processing window to reach a balance among dimensional accuracy, materials density, and desired microstructure. For a given high laser power, a combination of low scanning speed, small hatch spacing, and small focal offset distance imparts a thermal environment with reduced cooling rates to facilitate the formation of lamellar α+β or globular α microstructures at a much lower critical energy density than that under low power. The findings in this work advance our understanding of optimizing the LPBF process in the high-power regime towards sustainable and efficient manufacturing of quality Ti-6Al-4V components having superior mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104573"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gas pore correlations in laser powder bed fusion of Al6061 激光粉末床熔融 Al6061 中的气孔相关性

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104547

Kaitlin Lyszak , Erin B. Curry , Lauren M. Gorman , Donal Sheets , Lukas R. Lasig , Rodrigo Tuesta , Samuel J. Clark , Kamel Fezzaa , Sean P. Donegan , Jason N. Hancock

{"title":"Gas pore correlations in laser powder bed fusion of Al6061","authors":"Kaitlin Lyszak , Erin B. Curry , Lauren M. Gorman , Donal Sheets , Lukas R. Lasig , Rodrigo Tuesta , Samuel J. Clark , Kamel Fezzaa , Sean P. Donegan , Jason N. Hancock","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) of metal materials based on powder bed fusion technology is widely used now in many industries. A known limitation of this type of manufacturing is the formation of gas pores in the bulk material. Here we present a combined X-ray imaging and mid-infrared pyrometry study of pore formation in side-by-side tracks of Al6061 for different processing conditions using both in-situ and post-processing analysis. By carefully quantifying the distributions and correlations of pore positions, we show that an existing pore in one track often catalyzes the formation of another pore in an adjacent track. In a raster scan strategy commonly used to construct bulk material, this phenomenon has the result of forming subsurface perforations, or lines of pores transverse to the scanning direction in a rastered patch. If controlled, this effect can be eliminated to improve the yield strength of the build, or exploited to create programmable failures for specific purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104547"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DM net: A multiple nonlinear regression net for the inverse design of disordered metamaterials

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104577

Rong Wang , Xiuqian Peng , Xiaoming Wang , Chunbing Wu , Xiubing Liang , Wenwang Wu

{"title":"DM net: A multiple nonlinear regression net for the inverse design of disordered metamaterials","authors":"Rong Wang , Xiuqian Peng , Xiaoming Wang , Chunbing Wu , Xiubing Liang , Wenwang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical metamaterials have attracted great attention because of their lightweight, high strength, and multi-functional performances. They have also been used in aerospace, shipboard equipment, and other fields. The structural efficiency of uniformly distributed lattice structures is not optimal, and some disordered metamaterial design methods have been studied for very limited types of lattice structures, but existing design methods and algorithms have limitations such as difficulty in adapting to three-dimensional disordered metamaterials, lack of overall framework, and very limited mechanical design parameters. Since finite element analysis contour map can be transformed into an algebra matrix form combining spatial position and stress components, a multivariate nonlinear regression algorithm based on point cloud neural network is designed for disordered metamaterials(DM net). The DM net takes nodal stress matrix in finite element analysis as input parameters and disordered metamaterial design parameters as output parameters and realizes inverse operation of finite element analysis. Considering that the contour maps from finite element analysis can be transformed into matrix form combining position and stress, a disordered metamaterial design method based on the point cloud neural network is proposed. The method takes the nodal stress matrix obtained from finite element analysis as input and outputs the disordered metamaterial design parameter matrix, realizing the inverse operation of finite element analysis. In this method, edge convolution and maximum pooling modules are used to solve interactivity and disorder problems of stress information represented by an algebra matrix. The proposed unified framework can be applied to a wide range of lattice materials and different material properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104577"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic-assisted 3D printing of strain rate-dependent material with biomimetic embedded intelligence 磁力辅助应变速率相关材料的三维打印与仿生嵌入式智能技术

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104555

Jianyang Li , Bingqian Li , Lei Ren , Qingping Liu , Luquan Ren , Changyi Liu , Kunyang Wang

{"title":"Magnetic-assisted 3D printing of strain rate-dependent material with biomimetic embedded intelligence","authors":"Jianyang Li , Bingqian Li , Lei Ren , Qingping Liu , Luquan Ren , Changyi Liu , Kunyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Embedded intelligence is commonly observed in plant systems, where specialized organs are capable of spontaneously perceiving external mechanical stimuli and exhibiting adaptive responses without the nerves or a central brain control. However, this embedded delicate structural design underneath the intelligence poses significant challenges to traditional manufacturing methods. Here we propose a bioinspired strain rate-dependent material with embedded intelligence by utilization of the self-developed magnetic-assisted 3D printing. The locally customized composition and anisotropy within the viscoelastic matrix are realized by aligning the fibers with the magnetic field. We investigated the influencing factors of viscoelasticity of the composite, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms through theoretical analysis, computer simulations and physical experiments. The strain rate-dependent material is then applied in metastructures with switchable Poisson's ratios and logic gate control. Our work sheds light on the development of future intelligent biomimetic materials, which have the potential to advance the next generation of smart devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104555"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-situ electron beam characterization for electron beam powder bed fusion

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104567

Matthias Markl, Mohammad Reza Azadi Tinat, Timo Berger, Yannic Westrich, Jakob Renner, Carolin Körner

{"title":"In-situ electron beam characterization for electron beam powder bed fusion","authors":"Matthias Markl, Mohammad Reza Azadi Tinat, Timo Berger, Yannic Westrich, Jakob Renner, Carolin Körner","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electron beam powder bed fusion is an advanced additive manufacturing technology that utilizes an electron beam to fabricate complex metallic components layer by layer. It is well known, that the beam profile is one of the most important key ingredients for successful processing. Surprisingly, the beam profile during the process is almost unknown until today. The state of the art in beam characterization comprises pre-processes applying different beam measurement devices which ensure a beam profile evaluation at one or a small number of fixed locations on the build area. To the knowledge of the author, there exist no technique to measure the beam profile in-situ during manufacturing at arbitrary locations on the build area.</div><div>This study presents a groundbreaking method for an in-situ measurement technique of the beam profile for electron beam powder bed fusion. The method exploits electron optical images of a sintered powder bed after preheating. After converting the image into the frequency space by a Fourier transformation, the beam profile is reconstructed. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility on a focused electron beam with an elliptical Gaussian intensity distribution. This real-time assessment capability, completed within seconds, marks a significant advancement in the field of electron beam powder bed fusion, promising to improve manufacturing outcomes through enhanced process optimization and beam profile monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104567"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-augmented modeling in laser powder bed fusion: A Bayesian approach 激光粉末床融合中的数据增强建模：贝叶斯方法

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104545

Peter Morcos , Brent Vela , Cafer Acemi , Alaa Elwany , Ibrahim Karaman , Raymundo Arróyave

{"title":"Data-augmented modeling in laser powder bed fusion: A Bayesian approach","authors":"Peter Morcos , Brent Vela , Cafer Acemi , Alaa Elwany , Ibrahim Karaman , Raymundo Arróyave","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique has become increasingly prominent in metal additive manufacturing. However, tuning parameters for printing defect-free parts requires labor-intensive experimental work and computationally expensive simulations. Moreover, to calibrate LPBF models against the experimental data, typically MCMC methods or similar methods are used which is also time-consuming. These procedures are viable when calibrating LPBF models against data for individual chemistries but are not efficient for alloy design. A rapid method to calibrate LPBF models is needed to design for printable alloys. We address this challenge by integrating a low-fidelity analytical thermal model, a machine learning model, and proxy experimental data to create an accurate and rapidly-trained model that leverages the principles of Bayesian updating. As a case study in ‘printability extrapolation’, a dataset of 195 single-tracks on 16 unique chemistries was used to probe the method’s ability to predict melt-pool dimensions on ‘unseen’ chemistries. As a case study in ‘printability interpolation’ the framework was deployed on two compositions that were studied rigorously in the literature for their printability, namely, the ultra-high strength martensitic steel alloy AF9628 and the nickel super alloy 718. The interpolative/extrapolative abilities of the proposed method were compared to a set of 4 control models under data sparse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104545"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-destructive evaluation of additively manufactured superalloy IN718 via integrating microfocus X-ray computed tomography and non-linear acoustics 通过集成微焦 X 射线计算机断层扫描和非线性声学，对添加制造的超级合金 IN718 进行无损评估

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104539

I-Ting Ho , Krishna Muralidharan , Sammy Tin , Devin Bayly , Brian Gockel , Michael Reale , Tribikram Kundu

{"title":"Non-destructive evaluation of additively manufactured superalloy IN718 via integrating microfocus X-ray computed tomography and non-linear acoustics","authors":"I-Ting Ho , Krishna Muralidharan , Sammy Tin , Devin Bayly , Brian Gockel , Michael Reale , Tribikram Kundu","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superalloy IN718 components manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) were non-destructively evaluated by the sideband peak counting (SPC) nonlinear acoustics method and suitably validated by microfocus X-ray computed tomography (XCT). A wide-band chirp acoustic wave was used to inspect the microstructures of IN718 samples with five distinct process parameters, and the results reveal that the number of sidebands, which result from the non-linearity induced by porosity, is significantly influenced by the distribution and size of pores, in addition to the volume fraction. There was a clear correlation between extent of porosity and the corresponding value of the SPC index. XCT analysis corroborated these findings, providing quantitative insights into the porosity characteristics that affect the ensuing acoustic responses. The findings demonstrated that the porosity with varying sizes and distributions generate different SPC profiles, which were correlated to XCT results to quantitatively assess the size and spatial distributions of the porosity. Fusion of SPC and XCT characterization techniques provides a new strategic approach for non-destructive testing, where the SPC method offers rapid, qualitative evaluation, while XCT provides detailed spatial resolution for defect quantification. The integration of SPC could lead to the development of more cost-effective and advanced quality control protocols, ensuring the reliability of AM-manufactured components regardless of their geometry and composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104539"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical model of jet formation during melt electrowriting for fabrication of precise structures 用于制造精密结构的熔体电泳过程中喷流形成的数值模型

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104569

Xiaodan Huo , Huinan Lai , Qian Wu , Qingru Huang , Ying Han , Kaiwen Li , Jun Yin , Xiaona Lin

{"title":"Numerical model of jet formation during melt electrowriting for fabrication of precise structures","authors":"Xiaodan Huo , Huinan Lai , Qian Wu , Qingru Huang , Ying Han , Kaiwen Li , Jun Yin , Xiaona Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an innovative technique for fabricating 3D porous materials or scaffolds with microscale architectures. However, the multitude of printing parameters makes precise control over the placement of microscale polymer fibers challenging. This study presents a new strategy for creating complex 3D structures using multiparametric MEW technology, which enhances printing accuracy with minimal human intervention. We developed and validated a numerical model to simulate jet formation and predict the critical translational speed (CTS). This model can precisely identify the effects of numerous printing parameters and improve printing efficiency and accuracy while reducing costs, thus facilitating precise MEW deposition. Using this approach, we manufactured soft, stretchable constructs with a high surface area optimized through fine-tuned printing parameters. This straightforward and efficient technology enables the design of high-sensitivity strain sensors for monitoring human motion and stretchable devices for circuit protection. Furthermore, we examined the effect of printing accuracy and fiber orientation on cellular organization. Immunochemical staining demonstrated that aligned and high-precision scaffolds promote oriented growth. Additionally, the curved MEW structures open new avenues for exploring the combined effects of topographical cues and mechanical stimulation on nerve cell behaviors. This printing strategy provides valuable insights for future research on complex patterns using MEW for flexible electronics and tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104569"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical modeling of tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing based on energy threshold method 基于能量阈值法的层析体积增材制造数值建模

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104552

Roozbeh Salajeghe , Berin Šeta , Nicole Pellizzon , Carl Gustav Sander Kruse , Deepak Marla , Aminul Islam , Jon Spangenberg

{"title":"Numerical modeling of tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing based on energy threshold method","authors":"Roozbeh Salajeghe , Berin Šeta , Nicole Pellizzon , Carl Gustav Sander Kruse , Deepak Marla , Aminul Islam , Jon Spangenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomographic Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (TVAM) has emerged as a rapid and efficient additive manufacturing method, overcoming many limitations of traditional approaches. While the technology is still advancing toward industrial adoption, there is a need to enhance the geometric fidelity especially for small features. This study introduces a new, computationally efficient numerical model for TVAM based on exposure thresholds, designed to optimize material and process parameters. The model requires only two parameters: the energy threshold and penetration depth. Using the Jaccard Similarity Index (JSI), the study demonstrates that an optimal range for penetration depth exists, dependent on the process parameters. Lower penetration depths negatively impact print quality, while higher values increase curing time, making the part vulnerable to sedimentation and oxygen diffusion. The study also finds that projection intensity primarily influences print time and does not affect the JSI. Additionally, it is shown that temporal sampling and rotation rate are interlinked; higher rotation rates necessitate shorter temporal sampling intervals to maintain quality. Scaling up the size of the vial and the print requires adjustments in both the penetration depth and light source intensity to preserve optimal quality. Finally, it is shown that the relative size of the print to the vial influences print quality, with smaller ratios yielding slightly lower quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104552"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intrinsic brittleness of laser powder bed fusion processed H13 hot work tool steel 激光粉末床熔融加工 H13 热作工具钢的内在脆性

IF 10.3 1区工程技术

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104564

Sung-Ho Kim , Sang Guk Jeong , Dong Min Son , Hyoung Seop Kim , Sung-Joon Kim

{"title":"Intrinsic brittleness of laser powder bed fusion processed H13 hot work tool steel","authors":"Sung-Ho Kim , Sang Guk Jeong , Dong Min Son , Hyoung Seop Kim , Sung-Joon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser powder bed fusion processed H13 hot work tool steels (L-H13) show promising tensile and hardness properties compared to their commercial counterpart, C-H13. However, L-H13 consistently exhibits lower impact toughness than C-H13, necessitating a deeper understanding of its brittleness and the optimization of tempering conditions. Initial comparisons reveal similar tensile and elastic properties between L-H13 and C-H13 before tempering. However, after 24 h tempering at 550 ℃, the bulk modulus of L-H13 increased by 5.8 %, while the bulk modulus of C-H13 increased by 20.3 %. In addition, C-H13 exhibits an improvement in impact toughness after tempering, accompanied by a transition from brittle to ductile fracture mode. In contrast, L-H13 did not change its impact toughness and fracture mode despite tempering. The observed precipitation behavior and decrease in solute carbon with tempering time indicated slower tempering kinetics for L-H13 than for C-H13. Considering the amount of solute carbon and carbide phase fraction, bulk modulus simulation confirmed that the 0.083 wt% C remaining in L-H13 after 24 h tempering and low carbide fraction resulted in a bulk modulus 20 % lower than that of C-H13. In addition, using the Pugh and Pettifor ductility and brittleness criteria, the ratio of shear modulus to bulk modulus of L-H13 exceeded 0.57, indicating its intrinsic brittleness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104564"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0