Addictive behaviors最新文献

{"title":"Sip, savor, but don’t spill: mindfulness enhances alcohol enjoyment without boosting consumption","authors":"Ran Ma ,&nbsp;Xingzhe Wu ,&nbsp;Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brief mindfulness meditation induction effectively reduces addictive behaviors in clinical populations, yet their impact on non-addicted individuals remains unclear. This study investigated whether brief mindfulness practice amplifies alcohol enjoyment and consumption in healthy young adults. Across two randomized controlled trials (Study 1:<!--> <em>N</em> = 67; Study 2:<!--> <em>N</em> = 89), participants with low-risk drinking profiles completed a 16-minute mindfulness induction or a neutral control task, followed by alcohol tasting and behavioral measures. Results revealed that mindfulness significantly enhanced subjective alcohol enjoyment (Study 1:<!--> <em>d</em> = 0.45,<!--> <em>p</em> = 0.01; Study 2:<!--> <em>d</em> = 0.45,<!--> <em>p</em> = 0.04) and increased positive affect while reducing negative emotion (<em>d</em> = 0.95–1.20,<!--> <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), but did not alter actual consumption. An Implicit Association Test (IAT) in Study 2 showed no group differences in implicit attitudes toward alcohol versus tea. These findings indicate that brief mindfulness may intensify affective and sensory responses without increasing use—possibly due to a dissociation between reward sensitivity and behavioral impulse. The results align with dual-process theories of mindfulness (e.g., Monitor and Acceptance Theory, Mindfulness-to-Meaning Theory), and highlight the importance of aligning mindfulness practices with motivational and regulatory goals to avoid unintended reinforcement of substance-related pleasure in non-addicted populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing Concerns: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of cannabis use and mental health risks in youth","authors":"A. Sanz-Pérez ,&nbsp;D.R. Serrano ,&nbsp;A.I. Fraguas-Sánchez ,&nbsp;M.C. Pardo ,&nbsp;J.M.Ruiz Sánchez de León ,&nbsp;F.J. Estupiñá ,&nbsp;T. Pérez ,&nbsp;E. González-Burgos","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit drug globally. In 2021, 46 % of countries identified cannabis as the predominant substance associated with drug abuse disorders, with 34 % indicating it as the primary cause for seeking treatment. Young individuals represent the largest consumer demographic, experiencing substantial negative health effects. Despite extensive research on its mental health impacts, many aspects remain unclear. This study examines cannabis use among young people including anxiety, depression, and suicidal behavior. Studies involving individuals aged 15–30 were included. Data sources included PubMed, Mendeley, Embase, WOS, CINAHL, and Scopus. After screening 6466 articles, 36 met the inclusion criteria, with 18 included in the <em>meta</em>-analysis. These studies were published between 2013 and 2025. The results indicated that the odds of depression were 51 % higher in young cannabis users (OR = 1.51, 95 %CI = 1.23–1.86), decreasing to 28 % after adjustment (aOR = 1.28, 95 %CI = 1.10–1.50). Anxiety showed a 58 % increase (OR = 1.58, 95 %CI = 1.15–2.15). For suicidal ideation, the increase ranged from 50 % in unadjusted models (OR = 1.50, 95 %CI = 1.05–2.14) to 65 % in adjusted models (aOR = 1.65 95 %CI = 1.40–1.93). Finally, the odds of suicide attempt were 87 % higher (OR = 1.87, 95 %CI = 1.25–2.80), remaining elevated at 80 % after adjustment (aOR = 1.80, 95 %CI = 1.30–2.49).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in blunt smoking among adults in the United States, 2015–2022","authors":"Dale S. Mantey ,&nbsp;Ashlynn M. Ruleman ,&nbsp;Dilara K. Üsküp ,&nbsp;Dylanne Twitty ,&nbsp;LaTrice Montgomery","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We quantify and compare population-level trends in blunt smoking across demographics as well as behavioral and regulatory factors among adults in the US from 2015 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed eight (8) years of data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Participants were n = 326,087 adults; a subsample of n = 22,294 current blunt smokers was used to examine daily blunt smoking. We modeled linear trends in lifetime (ever), current (past 30-day), and daily (30/30 days) blunt smoking by: sex, race/ethnicity, age category, income, Major Depressive Episodes, alcohol use, and state-level cannabis regulatory policy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2015 to 2022, lifetime blunt smoking increased ∼21.7 % (p &lt; 0.001), current blunt smoking increased ∼34.4 % (p &lt; 0.001), and daily blunt smoking among current users increased ∼24.5 % (p &lt; 0.001). Lifetime blunt smoking increased significantly more among non-Hispanic White (23.7 %) and Hispanic (30.2 %) relative to non-Hispanic Black (8.6 %) adults; similar increases were observed among those older than 18–25 years. Current blunt smoking increased significantly greater among females (63.6 %) relative to males (19.0 %) and among those who did not use alcohol (92.3 %) relative to those who did use alcohol (23.4 %). Daily blunt smoking increased significantly greater among non-Hispanic White (80.4 %) relative to non-Hispanic Black (3.7 %) adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Blunt smoking increased substantially from 2015 to 2022. The greatest increases in blunt smoking were observed among females, older adults, and those who did not use alcohol; groups with historically lower rates of blunt smoking. Future study is needed to understand patterns of blunt initiation, escalation, and use disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hazardous alcohol use among patients with psychiatric disorders: Findings from phosphatidylethanol (PEth) screening in healthcare","authors":"V. Månsson ,&nbsp;A. Hammarberg ,&nbsp;M. Hårdstedt ,&nbsp;R. LoMartire","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying hazardous alcohol use among patients with psychiatric disorders is important for improving treatment outcomes. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use across 20 psychiatric diagnoses using phosphatidylethanol (PEth) blood sampling.</div><div>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of PEth samples collected between 2017 and 2023 from a regional Swedish healthcare database, linked to clinician-assessed psychiatric diagnoses. Participants were adults (≥18 years) with a psychiatric disorder (N = 18,240). Hazardous alcohol use was defined as a PEth concentration &gt; 0.30 µmol/L (∼210  µg/L). Marginal risk ratios (RR) were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, comorbidity, season, and healthcare setting.</div><div>In the sample (mean age: 40 years; 58.7 % female), 7.4 % screened positive for hazardous use. The highest prevalence was observed in patients with substance use disorder (12 %, RR: 1.87, 95 % CI: 1.57–2.23) and panic disorder (8.8 %, RR: 1.43, 95 % CI: 1.19–1.70). Lower prevalence was seen in patients with exhaustion syndrome (5.4 %), ADHD (5.0 %), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (4.2 %). Panic disorder remained significantly associated with hazardous use after adjustment. Male sex (RR: 1.79, 95 % CI: 1.58–2.02) and age, with the highest risk observed around 60 years, were both strongly associated with increased risk.</div><div>Hazardous alcohol use is prevalent among patients with psychiatric disorders when assessed with PEth. Targeted screening, especially among older men and patients with panic disorder, may improve identification and intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Hazardous alcohol use among patients with psychiatric disorders: Findings from phosphatidylethanol (PEth) screening in healthcare”. [Addict. Behav. 172 (2026) 108496]","authors":"V. Månsson ,&nbsp;A. Hammarberg ,&nbsp;M. Hårdstedt ,&nbsp;R. LoMartire","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns, persistence, and changes of subtypes of internet gaming disorder among young gamers","authors":"Xingcan Ye ,&nbsp;Ted C.T. Fong ,&nbsp;Paul S.F. Yip","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is prevalent and comorbid with psychiatric problems such as depression and hikikomori among young generation. However, existing studies have not examined the longitudinal pathways to IGD development over time.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to extend the pathways model of IGD to the longitudinal setting and evaluate the patterns, persistence, and changes of IGD subtypes with varying comorbid problems and associated predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included a sample of 601 young gamers (mean age = 23.8) in Hong Kong who completed surveys at two timepoints. Latent transition analysis was conducted based on scores of IGD, depression, hikikomori, and disruptor traits. Multinomial logistic regression models investigated the predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four latent classes were identified: the healthy class, the socially low IGD class, the disruptive IGD subtype, and the socially depressed IGD subtype. They showed distinct transition patterns and the disruptive IGD subtype was less stable and more likely to recover than the socially depressed IGD type. Low real-world social support, escapism, and playing strategy and MOBA games were associated with the stability of disruptive and socially depressed IGD subtypes. Playing more MMORPGs was associated with transition from the socially low IGD group to other two vulnerable IGD subtypes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings supported the high comorbidity of IGD with other psychiatric problems rather than appearing alone. The persistence and heterogeneous profiles of two IGD subtypes inform personalized treatments to address the comorbid problems and highlight the importance of establishing real-world social support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiential avoidance as a prospective mediator of the relationship between problematic smartphone use and autistic traits, theory of mind: Temporal mediation models","authors":"Gizem Gerdan ,&nbsp;Özge Akgül ,&nbsp;Yılmaz Orhun Gürlük","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing use of smartphones has raised concerns about adverse psychological and social-cognitive outcomes among young people. This study aimed to prospectively examine the relationships between problematic smartphone use (PSU), experiential avoidance (EA), screen time, autistic traits (ATs), and theory of mind (ToM), and to test the mediating role of EA within a temporal design. Data were collected prospectively from 219 young adults (aged 18–35; <em>M</em> = 20.66, <em>SD</em> = 2.15) across three measurement points at one-week intervals. At Time 1 (T1), participants reported their weekly screen time and completed baseline measures of PSU, ATs, and ToM. At Time 2 (T2), the measure of EA was administered. At Time 3 (T3), final measures of ATs and ToM were administered. The results indicated that higher levels of PSU at T1 prospectively predicted an increase in EA at T2, which in turn prospectively predicted higher levels of ATs and lower levels of ToM at T3. Similarly, greater screen time at T1 also prospectively predicted an increase in EA at T2, leading to higher levels of ATs and lower levels of ToM at T3. The results indicate that experiential avoidance prospectively plays a mediating role in the relationship between PSU, screen time, ToM, and ATs. In the context of today’s increasing digital addiction tendencies, these findings suggest that EA is a potentially important transdiagnostic variable to consider in assessments and interventions aimed at supporting socio-cognitive and emotional functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of rural–urban residence with daily experiences of minority stress and tobacco use among sexual minority young adults","authors":"Katelyn F. Romm ,&nbsp;Clark Gilford Jr. ,&nbsp;Mahalaxmi Das ,&nbsp;McKenna Nhem ,&nbsp;Erin A. Vogel ,&nbsp;Amy M. Cohn","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Rural- vs. urban-residing sexual minority young adults (SMYAs) display higher tobacco use rates. Less work has identified minority stressors that contribute to geographic disparities in use, particularly at the daily level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 2024 baseline and 14 days of daily survey data among 60 SMYAs (ages 18–34) reporting current tobacco use. Multilevel regression-based models with random intercepts and slopes examined between-person effects of rural–urban residence on daily minority stress (i.e., negative affect, positive affect, upsetting parent interactions, upsetting peer interactions, microaggressions) and daily tobacco use (aggregated across cigarettes, e-cigarettes, large cigars, little cigars/cigarillos, smokeless tobacco, nicotine pouches, hookah) and within-person effects of daily minority stress on same-day and next-day tobacco use, controlling for sociodemographics (i.e., age, sexual identity, gender identity, sex at birth, race and ethnicity).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among this sample of 60 SMYAs (<em>M</em>_age = 24.53 [SD = 5.19]; 50 % rural-residing; 31.7 % monosexual, 46.7 % bisexual+; 56.7 % gender minority; 55.0 % female; 47.5 % racial/ethnic minority), rural (vs. urban) residence was associated with higher levels of daily upsetting interactions with parents and higher odds of microaggressions and tobacco use. Upsetting interactions with parents and microaggressions were in turn, associated with higher odds of same-day and next-day tobacco use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Minority stress experiences may impact SMYAs’ concurrent and subsequent tobacco use. These daily minority stress experiences and tobacco use episodes occur more often and at higher levels among rural- (vs. urban-) residing SMYAs, highlighting the need for interventions focused on promoting adaptive coping in response to minority stressors in real time, particularly for rural-residing SMYAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145350352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach bias modification training reduces gaming severity and improves brain network topology in internet gaming disorder","authors":"Xin Luo ,&nbsp;Shunchao He ,&nbsp;Jiejie Fu ,&nbsp;Yi-Sheng Dong ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Meiting Wei ,&nbsp;Yandan Li ,&nbsp;Zhushan Zhouzhang ,&nbsp;Xuzhou Li ,&nbsp;Fuming Xu ,&nbsp;Guang-Heng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with internet gaming disorder (IGD) suffer from an imbalance of over-integrated and weakly dissociated functional brain networks. Approach bias modification training (ApBMt) has been used to correct patients’ automatic approach biases to addictive stimuli; however, research exploring changes in brain network topology is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy subjects were randomly assigned to the approach-avoidance task (AAT) group or the sham-AAT group, and 57 subjects (AAT, 30; sham-AAT, 27) completed the entire procedure, which included pretests, AAT/sham-AAT interventions, and posttests. Behavioral and resting-state fMRI data were collected before and after the tests. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ApBMt on topological changes in resting functional brain networks in patients with IGD and explore the relationship between these network changes and behavioral indicators of addiction severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Repeated-measures ANOVA of the behavioral data showed that the AAT group had significant score reductions after ApBMt. Imaging data revealed significant decreases in brain network over-integration and increases in segregation of the fronto-parietal network (FPN) and the cingulo-opercular network (CON). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the post-pre difference in DSM-5 scores and the post-pre difference in nodal efficiency (Ne) in the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings of this study demonstrate that ApBMt effectively reduces the severity of IGD, along with associated changes in brain network topology, such as enhanced segregation and decreased over-integration. However, it is important to highlight that the neurobiological changes observed are correlated with the reduction in IGD severity, but causality cannot be established. Further research is necessary to better understand the clinical potential of ApBMt in treating IGD, either as a stand-alone intervention or in combination with other therapeutic approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors contributing to the decline in problematic mobile phone use among Chinese emerging adults","authors":"Zhengyu Wu ,&nbsp;Minghui Ma ,&nbsp;Tiantian Bian ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Honglei Chen ,&nbsp;Jianqin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive research has documented the deleterious developmental effects of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) on emerging adults. However, in collectivistic cultures, few studies have investigated the longitudinal trend of PMPU of emerging adults and its associated environmental and individual factors. This study tracked 1,179 first-year undergraduates (67.9 % female; M_age = 18.60, SD_age = 1.27) at a major Chinese university over three measurement points: baseline (upon enrollment), 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. The findings reveal: (1) a significant linear decline in PMPU scores over time; (2) higher subjective social status is associated with lower initial PMPU levels; and (3) peer rejection positively predicted PMPU, whereas personal growth initiative showed a negative association. By mapping the developmental trajectory of PMPU and identifying key modifiable factors, this study provides a foundation for culturally tailored interventions targeting Chinese emerging adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}