Muhammad Abbas, Shuo Chen, Zhidong Li, Muhammad Ishaq, Zhuanghao Zheng, Juguang Hu, Zhenghua Su, Yanbo Li, Liming Ding, Guangxing Liang
{"title":"Highest Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency in Cu2ZnSnS4 Photocathodes and Its Directly Unbiased Solar Seawater Splitting","authors":"Muhammad Abbas, Shuo Chen, Zhidong Li, Muhammad Ishaq, Zhuanghao Zheng, Juguang Hu, Zhenghua Su, Yanbo Li, Liming Ding, Guangxing Liang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01755-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01755-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite being an excellent candidate for a photocathode, Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> (CZTS) performance is limited by suboptimal bulk and interfacial charge carrier dynamics. In this work, we introduce a facile and versatile CZTS precursor seed layer engineering technique, which significantly enhances crystal growth and mitigates detrimental defects in the post-sulfurized CZTS light-absorbing films. This effective optimization of defects and charge carrier dynamics results in a highly efficient CZTS/CdS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Pt thin-film photocathode, achieving a record half-cell solar-to-hydrogen (HC-STH) conversion efficiency of 9.91%. Additionally, the photocathode exhibits a highest photocurrent density (<i>J</i><sub>ph</sub>) of 29.44 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> (at 0 <i>V</i><sub>RHE</sub>) and favorable onset potential (<i>V</i><sub>on</sub>) of 0.73 <i>V</i><sub>RHE</sub>. Furthermore, our CTZS photocathode demonstrates a remarkable <i>J</i><sub>ph</sub> of 16.54 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and HC-STH efficiency of 2.56% in natural seawater, followed by an impressive unbiased STH efficiency of 2.20% in a CZTS-BiVO<sub>4</sub> tandem cell. The scalability of this approach is underscored by the successful fabrication of a 4 × 4 cm<sup>2</sup> module, highlighting its significant potential for practical, unbiased in situ solar seawater splitting applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01755-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Induction Effect of Fluorine-Grafted Polymer-Based Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries","authors":"Haiman Hu, Jiajia Li, Fei Lin, Jiaqi Huang, Huaiyang Zheng, Haitao Zhang, Xiaoyan Ji","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01738-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01738-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quasi-solid-state composite electrolytes (QSCEs) show promise for high-performance solid-state batteries, while they still struggle with interfacial stability and cycling performance. Herein, a F-grafted QSCE (F-QSCE) was developed via copolymerizing the F monomers and ionic liquid monomers. The F-QSCE demonstrates better overall performance, such as high ionic conductivity of 1.21 mS cm<sup>–1</sup> at 25 °C, wide electrochemical windows of 5.20 V, and stable cycling stability for Li//Li symmetric cells over 4000 h. This is attributed to the significant electronegativity difference between C and F in the fluorinated chain (‒CF<sub>2</sub>‒CF‒CF<sub>3</sub>), which causes the electron cloud to shift toward the F atom, surrounding it with a negative charge and producing the inductive effect. Furthermore, the interactions between Li<sup>+</sup> and F, TFSI<sup>‒</sup>, and C are enhanced, reducing ion pair aggregation (Li<sup>+</sup>‒TFSI<sup>‒</sup>‒Li<sup>+</sup>) and promoting Li<sup>+</sup> transport. Besides, ‒CF<sub>2</sub>‒CF‒CF<sub>3</sub> decomposes to form LiF preferentially over TFSI<sup>–</sup>, resulting in better interfacial stability for F-QSCE. This work provides a pathway to enable the development of high-performance Li metal batteries.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01738-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Materials, the Ultimate Solution for Future Electronics and Very-Large-Scale Integrated Circuits","authors":"Laixiang Qin, Li Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01769-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01769-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>With the incessant down-scaling of electronics, traditional semiconductors like Si are encountered with insurmountable hurdles to maintain performance increase without bringing about additional issues of power consumption escalating, in this context, two-dimensional (2D) materials emerge as superior candidates to supersede or complement Si attributed to their marvelous electronic properties to further sustain the Moore’s law life.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>2D materials-based electronics in More Moore and More than Moore’ regimes have attained promising achievements and showcased monumental potentials applications in low power consumption integrated circuits</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>2D materials-based integrated circuits have gone through a promising development, evolving from small-scale integrated circuits (ICs) to full-functioned processors. Whereas enormous endeavors are waited to be dedicated to realize large-scale ICs attributed to lack of large-scale 2D materials of electronic qualities and immature fabricating techniques.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01769-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aspartame Endowed ZnO-Based Self-Healing Solid Electrolyte Interface Film for Long-Cycling and Wide-Temperature Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries","authors":"Yunyu Shi, Yingkang Liu, Ruirui Chang, Guilin Zhang, Yuqing Rang, Zheng-Long Xu, Qi Meng, Penghui Cao, Xiangyang Zhou, Jingjing Tang, Juan Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01765-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01765-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Aspartame additive in electrolyte enables the in situ formation of ZnO-based solid electrolyte interphase, enhancing Zn anode corrosion resistance and stability with excellent self-healing capabilities.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Zn║Zn symmetric cells with APM-modified electrolyte operate stably for 6,400 h at − 5 °C, 10,330 h at 25 °C, and 2,250 h at 40 °C, with a high DOD of 85.2%.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Achieves 99.59% Coulombic efficiency, suppresses dendrite growth, and maintains 150 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> capacity after 1,750 cycles in NH<sup>4+</sup>-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> full cells.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01765-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refining Single-Atom Catalytic Kinetics for Tumor Homologous-Targeted Catalytic Therapy","authors":"Hengke Liu, Shan Lei, Hongyu Li, Jiayingzi Wu, Ting He, Jing Lin, Peng Huang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01735-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01735-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2> Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Developed a dual-enzyme cascade system integrating iridium single-atom nanozymes with glucose oxidase, optimizing hydrogen peroxide production, acidity, and temperature within the tumor microenvironment to markedly improve catalytic therapy efficacy.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Functionalized the cascade reaction system with cancer cell membranes to achieve homologous targeting and high biocompatibility, ensuring accurate accumulation at tumor sites while minimizing off-target effects.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01735-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenchang Chen, Yi Zhang, Mingyu Yang, Chao Yang, Zheng Meng
{"title":"Single-Point Linkage Engineering in Conjugated Phthalocyanine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction","authors":"Wenchang Chen, Yi Zhang, Mingyu Yang, Chao Yang, Zheng Meng","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01754-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01754-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Three novel covalent organic frameworks (COFs) composed of nickel phthalocyanine units and different linkages, including dioxin, piperazine, and dithiine, were successfully constructed.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>It was found that only a single-point structural variation of the linkage in the COFs could effectively modulate their performance in CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction, where the piperazine-linked COF achieved a pretty high Faradaic efficiency for CO of 90.7% at a critically low overpotential of 0.39 V.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Theoretical calculations indicated that the COF with dioxin linkage stabilized the *COOH intermediate more effectively than the other two NiPc-based COFs.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01754-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Mechanically Robust In-Situ Solidified Polymer Electrolyte for SiOx-Based Anodes Toward High-Energy Lithium Batteries","authors":"Cizhen Luo, Huanrui Zhang, Chenghao Sun, Xing Chen, Wenjun Zhang, Pengzhou Mu, Gaojie Xu, Rongxian Wu, Zhaolin Lv, Xinhong Zhou, Guanglei Cui","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01759-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01759-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000<ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Inspired by the microstructure of high-mechanical-property dragonfly wings, a phase separation structure design philosophy of in-situ solidified polymer electrolytes was first proposed, enabling superior mechanical properties of them.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>By virtue of superior mechanical properties and the in-situ solidified preparation method, the failure behaviors of SiO<sub>x</sub>-based electrodes are effectively suppressed by the as-developed polymer electrolyte.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>A dragonfly wing microstructure-inspired polymer electrolyte (denoted as PPM-PE) enables excellent electrochemical performance of SiO<sub>x</sub>-based electrodes in button-type and soft package full cells.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01759-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felix L. Hoch, Qishen Wang, Kian-Guan Lim, Desmond K. Loke
{"title":"Multifunctional Organic Materials, Devices, and Mechanisms for Neuroscience, Neuromorphic Computing, and Bioelectronics","authors":"Felix L. Hoch, Qishen Wang, Kian-Guan Lim, Desmond K. Loke","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01756-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01756-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuromorphic computing has the potential to overcome limitations of traditional silicon technology in machine learning tasks. Recent advancements in large crossbar arrays and silicon-based asynchronous spiking neural networks have led to promising neuromorphic systems. However, developing compact parallel computing technology for integrating artificial neural networks into traditional hardware remains a challenge. Organic computational materials offer affordable, biocompatible neuromorphic devices with exceptional adjustability and energy-efficient switching. Here, the review investigates the advancements made in the development of organic neuromorphic devices. This review explores resistive switching mechanisms such as interface-regulated filament growth, molecular-electronic dynamics, nanowire-confined filament growth, and vacancy-assisted ion migration, while proposing methodologies to enhance state retention and conductance adjustment. The survey examines the challenges faced in implementing low-power neuromorphic computing, e.g., reducing device size and improving switching time. The review analyses the potential of these materials in adjustable, flexible, and low-power consumption applications, viz. biohybrid spiking circuits interacting with biological systems, systems that respond to specific events, robotics, intelligent agents, neuromorphic computing, neuromorphic bioelectronics, neuroscience, and other applications, and prospects of this technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01756-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiong Xiong Liu, Long Pan, Haotian Zhang, Cancan Liu, Mufan Cao, Min Gao, Yuan Zhang, Zeyuan Xu, Yaping Wang, ZhengMing Sun
{"title":"Indium-MOF as Multifunctional Promoter to Remove Ionic Conductivity and Electrochemical Stability Constraints on Fluoropolymer Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Battery","authors":"Xiong Xiong Liu, Long Pan, Haotian Zhang, Cancan Liu, Mufan Cao, Min Gao, Yuan Zhang, Zeyuan Xu, Yaping Wang, ZhengMing Sun","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01760-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01760-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Indium-based metal–organic framework (In-MOF) is proposed as a multifunctional promoter to create poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene) (PVH)/In-MOF (PVH-IM) composite solid polymer electrolyte, synchronously achieving a high ionic conductivity of 1.23 × 10<sup>−3</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> and excellent electrochemical stability against Li anodes.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>In-MOF not only can adsorb and convert free residual solvents into bonded states to prevent their side reactions with Li anodes, but also induce inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase layers to prevent PVH from reacting with lithium anodes and promote uniform lithium deposition without dendrite growths.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The Li|PVH-IM|Li symmetric cells maintain stable cycling for 5550 h at the current density of 0.2 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. In addition, all-solid-state LFP|PVH-IM|Li full cells deliver a significant capacity retention of 80.0% at a rate of 0.5C after 280 cycles at 25 °C.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01760-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Situ Polymerization in COF Boosts Li-Ion Conduction in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Li Metal Batteries","authors":"Junchen Meng, Mengjia Yin, Kairui Guo, Xingping Zhou, Zhigang Xue","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01768-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01768-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered considerable interest in the field of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) owing to their exceptional mechanical strength, excellent designability, and heightened safety characteristics. However, their inherently low ion transport efficiency poses a major challenge for their application in LMBs. To address this issue, covalent organic framework (COF) with their ordered ion transport channels, chemical stability, large specific surface area, and designable multifunctional sites has shown promising potential to enhance lithium-ion conduction. Here, we prepared an anionic COF, TpPa-COOLi, which can catalyze the ring-opening copolymerization of cyclic lactone monomers for the in situ fabrication of SPEs. The design leverages the high specific surface area of COF to facilitate the absorption of polymerization precursor and catalyze the polymerization within the pores, forming additional COF-polymer junctions that enhance ion transport pathways. The partial exfoliation of COF achieved through these junctions improved its dispersion within the polymer matrix, preserving ion transport channels and facilitating ion transport across COF grain boundaries. By controlling variables to alter the crystallinity of TpPa-COOLi and the presence of –COOLi substituents, TpPa-COOLi with partial long-range order and –COOLi substituents exhibited superior electrochemical performance. This research demonstrates the potential in constructing high-performance SPEs for LMBs.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01768-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}