3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Unravelling the molecular landscape of Bhendi Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (BYVMV) in bitter gourd: genetic characterization and structural insights.","authors":"Bichhinna Maitri Rout, Amish Kumar Sureja, Manjusha Verma","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04383-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04383-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During a field survey at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, the bitter gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) cv. Pusa Do Mausami showed prominent symptoms characterized by severe yellow mosaic and leaf curling. Through leaf-dip transmission electron microscopy and PCR assays, the presence of bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus, BYVMV (<i>Begomovirus abelmoschusflavi</i>) was confirmed. Sequencing of Pusa Do Mausami (PDM-1, PDM-2) isolates (OR712889, OR712890) revealed 97% similarity to an Indian BYVMV isolate. Comparative analysis revealed a close genetic relationship (92-97%) between the PDM BYVMV isolates and other <i>Begomovirus</i> strains found in vegetable crops from different countries. The Ramachandran plot analysis confirmed that the predicted βC1 region of BYVMV exhibits a structurally reliable conformation, with most residues occupying favoured stereochemical regions. Structural analysis of the βC1 region of the BYVMV revealed moderate model reliability for the sequence OR712889 (GMQE: 0.47, QMEANDisCo Global: 0.46 ± 0.12). Motif analysis of the βC1 region of the BYVMV revealed critical functional domains, including the Geminivirus movement protein domain, that are essential for viral movement and systemic infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct evolutionary relationships, with isolates (OR712889, OR712890 respectively) clustering with related strains globally, particularly with a bitter gourd yellow mosaic virus, BgYMV (<i>Begomovirus momordicae</i>) isolate from India, which was supported by a strong 94% bootstrap confidence level. Biological validation revealed successful BYVMV transmission to okra via whiteflies, with 100% infection in 14-day-old seedlings, resembling natural symptoms. The present findings are the first to reveal the association of BYVMV with bitter gourd in India, highlighting its genetic similarities and evolutionary links. These results emphasize the need for effective disease management to increase crop productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) using <i>Merremia quinquefolia</i> (L.) Hallier f. leaf extract; Their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activity on against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and Photocatalytic degradation.","authors":"Arasangam Bharathi, Devaraj Ravichandran, Sivakumar Saipraba, Ravindran Balasubramani, Palanisamy Prakash, Mansour K Gatasheh, Anis Ahamed, Subban Murugesan","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04390-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04390-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13205-025-04338-x.].</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico screening, ADMET analysis and computational simulation studies on <i>Garcinia indica</i> Choisy phytoconstituents as prospective antibreast cancer agents: a critical appraisal of the neglected plant.","authors":"Pooja Kushwaha, Sudhir Mehrotra, Rumana Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04365-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04365-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study employed in silico methods to evaluate the antibreast cancer potential of three phytocomponents from <i>Garcinia indica</i> <i>viz.</i> garcinol, anthocyanin, and hydroxycitric acid against nine breast cancer-related protein targets. Molecular docking revealed that garcinol exhibited the strongest binding affinity for BRCA2 (BE - 7.1 kcal/mol, Kd 6.27 µM), anthocyanin for BAX (BE - 7.54 kcal/mol, Kd 2.96 µM) and hydroxycitric acid for BRCA1 (BE - 8.28 kcal/mol, Kd 848.46 nM), outperforming reference drugs doxorubicin and tetracycline. Molecular dynamics simulation of the garcinol-BRCA2 complex demonstrated conformational stability throughout the 100 ns simulation period, supported by consistent RMSD, hydrogen bond count, and compactness metrics (Rg ≈ 1.94-2.0 nm). ADMET and toxicity analyses confirmed favorable drug likeness and non-toxic profiles for the GI phytocomponents. PASS prediction, BOILED-Egg and bioavailability radar assessments further supported their potential as orally bioavailable, CNS-accessible therapeutic candidates. The findings indicate that the relatively unexplored GI possesses a high concentration of pharmacologically active compounds and may serve as an excellent source of novel, natural anticancer agents for future drug development. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in silico study evaluating the antibreast cancer potential of <i>Garcinia indica</i> phytocompounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnological advancements for sustainable management of thrips.","authors":"Sumit Jangra, Dakshina R Seal, Amalendu Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04368-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04368-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thrips are minute, slender, polyphagous, thysanopteran insect pests that cause huge economic losses to crops by directly feeding on the phloem sap and transmitting several plant viruses. Thrips have emerged as a major threat to global agriculture and food security. Current management options mainly rely on chemical insecticides; however, thrips have evolved resistance to most commonly used insecticides, making management extremely difficult. The availability of host-plant resistance is limited in the case of thrips. Biotechnological approaches such as genetic engineering, RNA interference (RNAi), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), artificial microRNA (amiRNA), and genome editing have paved the way for the development of environmentally sustainable thrips management options. However, the adoption of these biotechnological approaches needs further refinement and validation. Transgenic plants with anti-herbivory proteins hold promise to be successful in managing thrips. Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) and gene editing would be novel alternatives to hazardous pesticides. This review discusses the progress made towards using modern biotechnological interventions in functional genomics, emphasizing their application in sustainable thrips management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polar microalgae-based nanoparticles: a next-generation strategy for cancer treatment.","authors":"Gülcan Ayşin Karaca, Özgür Cem Erkin, Benan İnan, Didem Balkanlı","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04373-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04373-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polar microalgae are one of the species that produce valuable bioactives and effective antioxidants as a metabolic adaptation mechanism to tolerate harsh conditions of polar regions. In this manner, evaluating bioactive compounds obtained from polar microalgae against cancer cells is expected to offer promising outcomes. Among these bioactive compounds, the flavonoids found in microalgae stand out with their anticancer activity. In this study, flavonoid-rich extracts of <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> Ozcimen.001 (CP) and <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> Egemen.002 (CS) isolated from polar regions and their encapsulated forms were investigated for their efficacy on A-549 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. The flavonoid contents of CP and CS extracts were found to be 1.16 mg Q/g DE and 0.6 mg Q/g DE, respectively. Both flavonoid-rich polar microalgae extracts (FRME) and nanoparticles loaded with these extracts (FRME-NP), which have a size range of 156-294 nm and 85-92% encapsulation efficiency, exhibited anti-cancer activity at various levels against A-549 and MCF-7 cell lines. In comparison with the A-549 cell line, CP and CS extracts in 100 µg/mL concentration showed better results by decreasing the cell viability of MCF-7 to approximately 60% in 48 h. It has been determined that the longer the exposure time of cells to samples, the greater the decrease in cell viability. The data obtained from this study showed that polar microalgae have the potential to be evaluated as an anticarcinogenic agent in the pharmaceutical area. This context provides additional research and treatment perspectives that will support the development of novel biotechnological drugs for cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by an indigenous <i>Candida tropicalis</i> strain and biocompatibility evaluation of microplastics-degraded metabolites in GIFT <i>Tilapia</i>.","authors":"G P Avinash, S Karthick Raja Namasivayam, V Pattukumar, S Priyanka","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04396-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04396-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic pollution is known to impact various abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems. Among the various microplastic remediation methods, biological approaches using microbes have gained significant attention due to their high efficacy and eco-friendly nature. In this study, the degradation of PET-based microplastics was carried out by the indigenous yeast strain <i>Candida tropicalis</i> in in vitro batch degradation experiments. The degradation was measured by monitoring the optical density of the yeast grown on a medium containing microplastic pieces, as well as assessing weight reduction and biofilm formation efficiency (%). After degradation, the metabolites were extracted and tested for their toxic effects on the growth parameters of the freshwater fish <i>Tilapia</i>. Extracted metabolites were administered to <i>Tilapia</i> at different concentrations, and the effects on growth parameters-such as daily weight gain (%), weight gain (%), specific growth rate (%), and survival (%), along with histological examinations of gut and gill tissues-were evaluated. In silico docking studies were also performed to assess the potential toxic effects of the major constituents of the metabolites (polyethylene terephthalate, 3-butynoic acid, butanoic acid, cyclopentene-3-ethyl, ethanedioic acid, and formic acid) on the target <i>Tilapia</i> fish protein (PDB ID: 6Y7I). The administered metabolites did not show any impact on the growth parameters. Histopathological examination also revealed no alterations or abnormalities in the gut and gill tissues. Furthermore, in silico docking studies indicated no toxic effects on the freshwater fish <i>Tilapia</i>. These findings clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of <i>Candida tropicalis</i> in degrading microplastics from various environmental sources, with high efficacy and biocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Python-driven impedance profiling on peptide-functionalized biosensor for detection of HIV gp41 envelope protein.","authors":"Mehmet Ezer, Zihni Onur Uygun","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04400-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04400-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the first label-free impedimetric biosensor for the detection of HIV envelope protein gp41 using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as biorecognition receptors. The biosensor interface was enhanced with thiolated polystyrene and gold nanospheres to ensure stable peptide immobilization and resist nonspecific adsorption. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed each step of the electrode modification, while surface morphology was validated via scanning electron microscopy. A Python-based deep learning algorithm was applied to impedance data for efficient curve fitting and regression modeling. The biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity, with a linear detection range of 5-600 pg/mL, a regression coefficient (<i>R</i> ²) of 0.9946, a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.62 pg/mL, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 4.91 pg/mL. Chronoimpedimetric (CI) detection revealed that gp41 binding occurred within 350 s. The biosensor showed excellent reproducibility (CV % = 0.22%), good selectivity with less than 12% signal variation in spiked serum, and robust stability, maintaining functionality after extended storage. These results highlight the biosensor's potential as a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible diagnostic platform for early HIV detection.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04400-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12209138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the seed-borne and seed transmission nature of Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) and Okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV) infecting bhendi (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L.).","authors":"Kokila Alagu, Renukadevi Perumal, Johnson Iruthayasamy, Sankari Arjunan, Suganthi Angappan, Varanavasiappan Shanmugam, Malathi Varagur Ganesan","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04359-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04359-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Begomoviruses such as bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (Begomovirus abelmoschusflavi (BYVMV)) and okra enation leaf curl virus (Begomovirus abelsmoschusenation (OELCuV)) pose serious threats to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) production. It is essential to comprehend how these viruses spread, in order to develop efficient disease control strategies. Initially, virus infected leaf, flower and fruit samples collected from fields were subjected to DAS-ELISA, in which the whole seed recorded highest OD value (3.10 in Coimbatore; 2.31 in Salem) from infected plants. All ELISA positive samples were subjected to PCR using specific primers for BYVMV and OELCuV for AV1 region of DNA A, none of the samples were amplified for BYVMV specific primers, whereas all the samples were amplified for OELCuV specific primers. A representative of two OELCuV PCR positive embryo samples of Thondamuthur (CBE isolate) and Edapadi (EDP) were sequenced and submitted in NCBI (Accession Numbers: CBE- PQ963865; EDP: PV126629), which showed 99-100% similarity with Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh OELCuV isolates. Further to confirm seed transmission, grow-out test was carried out using two hybrid seeds namely H1 and H2 (Market seeds) under insect proof conditions. DAS-ELISA was performed for the leaf samples collected from grow-out test plants on 30th day after sowing. Out of 198 seedlings of H1, the presence of begomovirus was detected in 56 plants, whereas in hybrid H2, 12 plants were tested positive among 100 seedlings. The 198 samples of H1 and 100 samples of H2 were also subjected to PCR with specific primers for BYVMV and OELCV to detect the presence of viruses. BYVMV was not detected in any hybrid by PCR analysis. But OELCuV was found in 21.7% of H1 and 4% of H2 samples with the amplicon size of ~606bp. The seed transmission rate was higher in H1 compared to H2 hybrid. The plants which showed positive for OELCuV didn't express any pattern of symptoms and were asymptomatic. Though the seedlings were asymptomatic, they harboured the virus and could serve as inoculum source for whitefly transmission. The above findings highlight the significance of seed transmission serving as a potential source for active spread of the disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report on seed transmission of OELCuV.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04359-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response surface methodology-based approach for enhanced C-Phycocyanin production from <i>Oscillatoria</i> sp. for its potential as natural anticancer drug.","authors":"Santhosh Sigamani, Ragavendran Chinnasamy, Balashanmugam Pannerselvam, Hemalatha Natarajan, Dhandapani Ramamurthy","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04357-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04357-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study focuses mainly on the extraction of C-Phycocyanin (CPC) pigment from cyanobacteria, its optimization and evaluation of its radical scavenging and antiproliferative abilities. Optimization of the pigment production was conducted both experimentally and statistically by response surface methodology (RSM). Quadratic models were fitted to the responses obtained from the box-Behnken design (BBD), to examine the interactions among Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphate, pH and Temperature, and their impact on pigment production. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) validated the model,revealing that higher levels of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate significantly influenced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) CPC production. The optimum conditions were determined as Carbon-30 mM, Nitrogen-10 mM, phosphate-5.5 mM, Temperature-27.5 °C and pH-7.5 resulting in phycocyanin yield of 47.6 mg in 0.483g of cell mass. Under the RSM-optimized conditions, it was found that <i>Oscillatoria</i> sp. was able to produce a twofold increase in CPC production compared to the BG 11 medium over a period of 34 days. A blue-colored pigment was extracted, with a total protein concentration of 278 µg/ml. Concentration of the pigment led to a tenfold increase in protein purity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the lyophilized pigment and control phycocyanin revealed similar functional groups, including Hydroxyl group, C - H stretch, C = O stretch and C - N stretch. The molar mass of the CPC dimer was recognized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) as 19 kDa for α subunit and 21 kDa for β subunit. The free radical scavenging potential of the CPC was determined by IC₅₀ values obtained from the DPPH = 56.45 μg/ml & ABTS = 85.8 μg/ml assays. Its cytotoxic potential was evaluated against HepG2 (liver), A549 (lung) & MCF7 (breast) cancer cell lines with an IC₅₀ value recorded at 47.6, 47.7 and 63.2 µg/ml, respectively. Fluorescent imaging revealed apoptotic and necrotic stages in treated cancer cells, accompanied by cytochrome damage. DNA smearing was observed in HepG2 cells, indicating effective damage of genetic material. These findings suggests that CPC possesses promising antioxidant and anticancer potentials, making it a potential drug for pharmaceutical and food industries.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04357-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds in <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>: a new frontier in natural medicine.","authors":"Sonali Khanal, Pratibha Thakur, Aman Sharma, Anand Kumar, Manjusha Pillai, Deepak Kumar, Arun Kumar, Rachna Verma, Ashwani Tapwal, Dinesh Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Asis Bala","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04353-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04353-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (Reishi), a valued medicinal fungus used in traditional medicine for over 2000 years, has sparked widespread scientific attention due to its extensive range of bioactive ingredients and therapeutic promise in modern medicine. This study presents a detailed and up-to-date examination of <i>G. lucidum's</i> primary bioactive components, which include polysaccharides, triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, nucleotides, proteins, alkaloids, and sesquiterpenoids. These chemical components show a wide range of pharmacological effects, including immune modulation, cancer suppression, and neuroprotection. The review also gives insight on developing and underexplored therapeutic areas, such as the mushroom's antiviral properties particularly its anti-HIV potential as well as its anti-fibrotic, neuropharmacological, and anti-aging benefits. By combining traditional therapeutic knowledge with modern biomedical innovation, <i>G. lucidum</i> is positioned as a viable natural resource for solving modern health issues. Continued study is required to understand the molecular processes that underpin its many effects and to assist its incorporation into evidence-based medicinal applications. It subsequently emphasizes and thoroughly examines <i>G. lucidum's</i> bioactive components, as well as insights into its rising role in healthcare, combining traditional knowledge with recent biological achievements.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}