3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Valorization of digestates from organic solid waste as fertilizers, soil improvers, and agricultural prebiotics: panorama and perspectives.","authors":"Ana Laura Zapata-Morales, Ivan Moreno-Andrade","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04507-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04507-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digestate, a byproduct of anaerobic digestion, has emerged as a sustainable and viable alternative to chemical fertilizers in agriculture. Several studies have demonstrated that its application can enhance soil microbial biomass, nitrogen mineralization, and nutrient availability without adversely affecting soil structure or microbiological activity. Although the use of digestates is still limited, a global upward trend is emerging worldwide. Promising results, such as increased root growth and improved germination rates, have been reported. However, utilizing digestates without appropriate treatment or quality control may pose risks to human health, soil microbiota, and the environment. The levels of certain contaminants, particularly heavy metals, in digestates can vary significantly. Although in many cases, they are within the limits established by organizations such as the FAO, WHO, and the European Economic Commission, some values may exceed them and pose an environmental risk. From a microbiological perspective, it has been observed that digestates can stimulate beneficial bacterial communities, favoring greater bacterial growth. This review examines the current landscape of the use of digestates derived from organic solid waste, highlighting their potential as fertilizers, soil improvers, and agricultural prebiotics, based on their physicochemical characteristics and their impact on agroecological systems. Nevertheless, their safe use requires strict quality monitoring and post-treatment strategies, particularly in regions such as Latin America, where regulatory frameworks are limited. Establishing robust standards will be key to ensuring their sustainable application in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Draft genome sequence of <i>Lysinibacillus capsici</i> NAVL5D with potential for plant growth promotion.","authors":"Mariska S Kleyn, Muiz O Akinyemi, Carlos Bezuidenhout, Rasheed Adeleke","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04488-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04488-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria is an emerging strategy for sustainable agriculture, offering alternatives to chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and functional characterization of <i>Lysinibacillus capsici</i> NAVL5D isolated from the leaf of ready-to-eat lettuce plant grown in South Africa. The genome generated using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 had a size of 4,631,824 bp, with 22 contigs and a G + C content of 37.3%. In vitro tests demonstrated the strain's potential for plant growth promotion through nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) synthesis, and siderophore production. Genome analysis revealed key subsystems underpinning these traits such as auxin biosynthesis, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium metabolism, as well as putative PGP genes supporting these growth-promoting traits. In addition, five biocontrol secondary metabolites were predicted in the genome including terpenes and cyclic-lactone-autoinducers. However, eight minimal pathogenicity-related genes and six antibiotic resistance genes were also identified, including <i>vanW</i>, <i>vanT</i>, <i>vanY</i>, <i>qacJ</i>, <i>msr(G)</i>, and <i>FosBx1</i>. Antibiotic susceptibility testing confirmed resistance to beta-lactams. Evidence of phage with could mediate horizontal gene transfer was observed in the genome. In vivo seed germination assays further demonstrated the strain's ability to promote plant growth, confirming its functional potential beyond in vitro observations. While <i>L. capsici</i> NAVL5D shows promise for sustainable agriculture applications, its potential warrant further investigation to ensure its safe use as a plant growth-promoting agent.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04488-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro anticancer activity of prodeoxyviolacein produced by <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> through fermentation and predicted pharmacological properties compared with violacein derivatives.","authors":"Nabil Miled, Mohamed Koubaa, Abdullah G Bagarish, Mohammed Alkhaled, Mehal A Alqriqri, Hawazen H Bin-Melaih, Espérance Debs, Nicolas Louka","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04503-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04503-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial dyes, known for their biological activities, have been considered as an eco-friendly alternative to the toxic chemicals widely used in various industrial fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and cosmetics. The green dye prodeoxyviolacein was produced by fermentation using an engineered strain of the yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica,</i> extracted using a mixture of ethanol/water/acetic acid. Prodeoxyviolacein showed an antiproliferative effect against MCF-7 cancer cell line. The apoptotic and cell cycle arresting capacities of the dye applied at the IC50 concentration were then assessed. Prodeoxyviolacein dye increased early cell apoptosis by arresting cell cycle at the sub-G1 phase. Violacein derivatives displayed comparable bioavailability characteristics. Derivatives had various predicted targets, among which kinases were the main common enzyme group. Docking studies showed prodeoxyviolacein to bind to the active site of tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C used as the main cancer therapeutic targets. Although structurally close, only prodeoxyviolacein displayed predicted blood-brain barrier penetrability due to its lower molecular weight and topological polar surface area. This fact might favor its use in the development of drugs to treat brain tumors. Prodeoxyviolacein is a new promising anticancer candidate with favorable pharmacokinetic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12431995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient expression of UreB by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i>) using a plant viral vector.","authors":"Maryam Abdoli Nasab, Nazila Gharibi, Saeid Mirzaee","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04481-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04481-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is recognized as the main cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. The urease subunit B (UreB) has been identified as the most effective antigen for vaccination and prevention of bacterial infection. Transient expression in plants using virus-based vectors allows for high levels of gene expression within a short time. In this study, we investigated the transient expression of UreB in rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i>) using A vector derived from turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). The efficiency of the vector for inoculation and foreign gene expression in rapeseed was first confirmed using the infectious <i>p35STuMVGFPHis</i> construct, validated through fluorescence microscopy, RT-PCR (amplifying a 127-bp fragment), dot blotting, and ELISA. Leaves were inoculated using surface abrasion with carborundum and harvested 14 days post-inoculation for analysis. Following this validation, the construct was engineered by replacing the <i>GFP</i> coding sequence with the <i>UreB</i> gene through N<i>co</i>I/N<i>he</i>I double digestion and ligation. Successful translation and accumulation of the UreB protein were verified by SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and ELISA. Analyses revealed a distinct protein band corresponding to the predicted molecular weight of 66 kDa and significantly higher expression levels in inoculated plants compared to wild-type controls (OD 450: 0.45 ± 0.06). Our results represent the first report of UreB antigen expression in rapeseed using viral-based vector system and reveal its potential as a rapid and low-cost strategy for plant-based production of vaccine antigens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative network pharmacology and experimental validation of rutin-infused collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold for promoting osteochondral regeneration.","authors":"Ashwathi Vijayalekha, Hariram Sridhar, Saranya Srinivasan, Vandhana Anumaiya, Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan, Ashok Kumar Pandurangan","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04461-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04461-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteochondral defects (OCD), characterized by bone fractures and cartilage degradation, remain a significant health concern worldwide. This study reports on the development and evaluation of a bioactive scaffold composed of rutin, collagen, and hydroxyapatite (RUT-COL-HAP) for osteochondral tissue regeneration. Network pharmacology identified 51 common target genes of rutin related to chondrocyte and macrophage functions, with ten hub genes playing key roles in inflammation, ECM remodeling, and cell differentiation. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between rutin and its targets. The structural and chemical properties of the scaffolds were assessed using SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The results confirmed the successful integration of all the components and demonstrated enhanced crystallinity, thermal stability, and a highly porous, interconnected architecture, particularly in the RUT5-COL-HAP variant. Porosity analysis showed an increase of 50% with higher rutin incorporation, while swelling and biodegradation assessments revealed that RUT5-COL-HAP maintained structural integrity and exhibited controlled degradation over 14 days. In vitro biocompatibility using MG-63 cells demonstrated over 120% cell viability at 72 h, and zebrafish embryo toxicity assays confirmed rutin's safety across all tested concentrations. Overall, the RUT5-COL-HAP scaffold demonstrated high porosity, favorable swelling behavior, and appropriate biodegradation rates. Structural analyses confirmed the ability of rutin to mimic the native extracellular matrix, and toxicity studies verified the safety of rutin for biomedical applications. Thus, it offers a promising biomaterial for osteochondral tissue engineering, providing an effective strategy for treating OCD and improving the clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory roles of 13 types of RNA modifications in osteoarthritis: based on bulk and single-cell RNA analysis.","authors":"Yiwei Li, Yifa Rong, Kai Jiang, Jiahao Zhang, Jiacheng Li, Gang Li","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04448-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04448-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, joint deformity, and disability, emerged as a primary cause of disability in the elderly. This study aims to investigate the regulatory roles of 13 RNA modification patterns in OA through integrated multi-omics analysis. Genes associated with 13 types of RNA modification patterns were selected for analysis. Pathway analysis was conducted using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. DEGs were further screened using random forest (RF) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) to develop a diagnostic model. Internal validation of the model was performed via the bootstrap algorithm. The correlation between key genes and specific immune cell types was assessed through immune infiltration analysis. Consensus clustering and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were utilized to identify key subtypes and regulatory modules. Single-cell analysis was employed to further investigate the expression of modification-related genes in different chondrocyte populations. Cell-cell communication patterns among chondrocytes were characterized using CellChat. Monocle was used to construct chondrocyte developmental trajectories, and SCENIC was applied to detect cell type-specific regulatory networks. Expression of genes associated with the 13 RNA modification patterns was analyzed in OA. ssGSEA revealed significant downregulation of N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), and uridylation, and significant upregulation of N7-methylguanosine (m7G) and pseudouridine in OA. By integrating RF and SVM-RFE, YTHDC1, RBBP6, LSM1, EIF3D, METTL3, ELP2, and IGF2BP2 were identified as key diagnostic genes. Among them, YTHDC1, METTL3, and IGF2BP2 are associated with m6A, while LSM1 and EIF3D are associated with m7G. Internal validation using the bootstrap algorithm demonstrated the model's stable sensitivity and specificity. Further immune infiltration analysis showed that YTHDC1, METTL3, and IGF2BP2 (m6A-related) exhibit immunosuppressive effects in the OA immune microenvironment, whereas LSM1 (m7G-related) promotes immune cell activation and inflammatory responses. Consensus clustering identified two distinct subtypes; subtype 1, characterized by high LSM1 expression, exhibited higher inflammatory levels and OA positivity rates. Single-cell analysis revealed downregulation of m6A in RegC (regulator chondrocytes) and dynamic changes in YTHDC1, METTL3, and IGF2BP2 with inflammation progression. LSM1 was highly expressed in EC (effector chondrocytes) and LSM1 + ECs communicated with HomC through pathways such as FGF-FGFR. SCENIC analysis showed that YTHDC1, METTL3, and IGF2BP2 were mostly positively correlated with transcription factors, while LSM1 was mostly negatively correlated. SOX5, MEF2A, JUNB, JUND, and CEBPD were identified as specific transcription factors for Re","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive compounds from plant sources: profiling and anti-blight efficacy against phytopathogens.","authors":"Adyasha Anapurba Sahoo, Pragnya Paramita Sahoo, Aswinee Kumar Panda, Preeti Pallavi, Sangeeta Raut","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04485-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04485-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a major threat to global rice production, leading to yield losses of up to 40% despite extensive disease management practices. The persistence of <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (Xoo) necessitates an eco-friendly and effective alternative to synthetic pesticides. This study investigates the bio-control potential of various extracts and essential oils (EO) extracted via hydro-distillation from different plant sources (<i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i> <i>,</i> <i>Azadirachta indica</i> <i>,</i> <i>Mentha spicata</i> <i>,</i> <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i>, and <i>Garcinia mangostana</i>). Among the tested samples, <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i> seed EO (TAEO) exhibited the highest anti-Xoo activity, with an inhibition zone of 4.7 cm. It showed a MIC of 2.5 µg/mL and significantly reduced biofilm formation and xanthomonadin production by 42.1% and 22.6%, respectively, whilst enhancing scavenging activity by 76.67%, suggesting oxidative stress induction. Furthermore, its GC-MS analysis identified the presence of thymol (60.44%), γ-terpinene (17%), anisole (16.2%), sabinene (2.36%), carene (0.44%), myrcene (0.33%), limonene (0.27%), and terpinen-4-ol (0.26%) as major bioactive components. These compounds were validated through molecular docking with the RpfF gene (key pathogenicity factor), which revealed that thymol showed strong binding affinity (-5.5 kcal/mol) with RpfF chain A and had favourable pharmacokinetic properties, supporting its role as a lead candidate for anti-Xoo activity. The bio-control potential of TAEO was further evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in which TAEO-treated Xoo cells proclaimed marked morphological disruption, including reduced cell density, irregular and sunken surfaces, and membrane damage. Thus, this is the first report demonstrating the potent anti-blight activity of TAEO, highlighting its potential as a sustainable plant-derived bio-control agent against Xoo.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic basis of aldose reductase inhibition by phenolics from <i>Achillea fragrantissima</i>: experimental insights and computational validation.","authors":"Emadeldin M Kamel, Doaa A Abdelrheem, Ahmed A Allam, May Bin-Jumah, Saleh Alkhedhairi, Faris F Aba Alkhayl, Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04486-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04486-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the inhibitory potential of phenolic compounds derived from <i>Achillea fragrantissima</i> against aldose reductase (AR), a key enzyme implicated in diabetic complications. Among the six tested compounds, salvianolic acid B exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity, with an IC₅₀ of 1.90 ± 0.1 µM, followed by chlorogenic acid (IC₅₀ = 3.79 ± 0.17 µM) and 3-caffeoyl-4-feruloylquinic acid (IC₅₀ = 4.49 ± 0.38 µM). The remaining three phenolics showed weak AR inhibition and were excluded from further analysis. Enzyme kinetics studies revealed that all three active compounds function as noncompetitive inhibitors, a finding further supported by in silico analyses. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinities, with salvianolic acid B adopting the most favorable binding pose within the AR binding site. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed the stability of AR-ligand complexes throughout the simulation period, while MM/PBSA calculations identified salvianolic acid B as having the lowest binding free energy, reinforcing its superior inhibitory potential. Additional validation through free-energy landscape (FEL) analysis and interaction energy profiling further substantiated the stability and efficacy of these inhibitors. Moreover, ADMET analysis indicated that all active compounds exhibit drug-like properties, with favorable bioavailability and gastrointestinal absorption. Overall, the in silico findings align with experimental results, underscoring the therapeutic potential of these phenolic compounds as AR inhibitors. These insights has the potential of the development for therapeutics for diabetic complications.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04486-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidants ameliorates glucose/glucose oxidase-induced myocardial damage through mitochondrial and MAPK pathway.","authors":"Santosh Kumar, Prachi Agrawal, Prachi Mendhey, Sunil Kumar Dhatwalia, Sandhya L Sitasawad","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04441-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04441-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose concentration that leads to the generation of elevated levels of free radicals (oxidative stress) via auto-oxidation. Oxidative stress plays a key role in diabetes-associated progressive pathologies including myocardial complications. The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effects of antioxidants in glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO)-dependent oxidative stress-induced cardiac cell damage. We found that exposure of G (33mM)/GO (1.6 milliunits) to cardiac muscle H9c2 cells resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis as indicated by accumulation of membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine, DNA damage, and intracellular esterase activity. Confocal microscopy and FACS analysis further showed that G/GO induced the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species which led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c in H9c2 cells. Treatment of H9c2 cells with antioxidants like N-Acetyl Cysteine, catalase or glutathione abolished the G/GO-induced free radicals, perturbed the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced cytochrome c release. These antioxidants also inhibited G/GO-induced cell death, caspases, and cleavage of PARP. In addition, antioxidants restored G/GO-induced suppression of antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, XIAP, and survivin. Furthermore, G/GO impacted the MAPK pathway via activation of Raf1, MEK1 and ERK1/2 in oxidative stress-dependent manner. Pharmacologic inhibition of Raf1 also abolished G/GO-induced apoptosis. Thus, our data suggest that antioxidants have a strong protective efficacy against G/GO-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of mitochondrial and MAPK-mediated pathways in cardiac cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tree age on community diversity of the endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria in <i>Catalpa bungei</i>.","authors":"Luyao Wang, Wenfang Zhou, Qingqing Yang, Yanjuan Mu, Xiaoman Xie, Boqiang Tong, Weiwei Chen, Shiwei Cheng, Yizeng Lu","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04482-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04482-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Catalpa bungei</i> is one of important economic tree species for widespread cultivation in China, but little is known about the endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria especially how tree age affects their community diversity. The research assessed tree ages of 2, 4, 8, and 12 years, respectively, affect the community diversity of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria in <i>C. bungei</i> using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Findings revealed that the diversity and abundance of rhizospheric bacteria were significantly higher than that of endophytic bacteria, and both endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial flora, especially the dominant bacteria, showed a certain degree of regular variations with the tree age increasing. The dominant endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria were <i>Cyanobacteria</i> and <i>Proteobacteria</i>, respectively, at a phylum level, which were <i>Streptophyta</i>, <i>Acidobacterium</i> or <i>Flavobacterium</i> at a genus level. Correspondingly, photophosphorylation was a dominant ecological function for the endophytic bacteria, while chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were important ecological functions for the rhizospheric bacteria. This study highlights dynamic changes in the endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial communities of <i>C. bungei</i> and provides references for the follow-up development of agricultural inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}