{"title":"Neurological impairments in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Xiao-Fang Zhang, Wenguang Hu, Jie Hu","doi":"10.1007/s13760-025-02880-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-025-02880-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the most prevalent form of muscular dystrophy, is characterized by neurological complications including cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric disorders, and epilepsy. Neuroimaging investigations have demonstrated structural brain alterations, hemodynamic disturbances, and metabolic dysregulation in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These neurological impairments are primarily attributed to cerebral dystrophin deficiency and subsequent downstream molecular/cellular abnormalities, including altered excitation-inhibition balance, blood-brain barrier disruption, calcium dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. Current therapeutic strategies focus on two main methods: (1) enhancing brain expression of truncated dystrophin; (2) addressing downstream consequences of dystrophin loss. This review synthesizes recent literature on the neurological manifestations of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, providing a theoretical framework to inform clinical management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fear of falling, gait capacity, and dual task performance in multiple sclerosis patients with and without neurogenic overactive bladder.","authors":"Humeyra Kiloatar, Cimen Olcay Demir, Aylin Aydogdu Delibay, Dursun Ceylan, Emine Saygin Uysal","doi":"10.1007/s13760-025-02889-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-025-02889-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms significantly affect the independence and quality of life in patient with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) by limiting daily activities. This study aimed to explore differences in fear of falling (FoF), gait, dual-task performance, and self-perceived impact of disease among PwMS with and without OAB.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were divided into two groups based on their Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-V8) scores: OAB (score ≥ 8) and non-OAB (score < 8). Assessments included the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) for FoF, the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT) for gait capacity, the Dual-Task Questionnaire (DTQ) for dual-task performance, and the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29) for self-perceived impact of disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 78 PwMS. Significant differences were found between groups in fall history, number of falls, and all outcome measures (OAB-V8, FES-I, DTQ, 2MWT, MSIS-29; p < 0.001). OAB-V8 scores positively correlated with FES-I, DTQ, and MSIS-29 (r = 0.71-0.78, p < 0.001) and negatively with 2MWT (r = -0.38, p < 0.001). Similar patterns were observed between FES-I, DTQ, and MSIS-29, which showed strong positive correlations, while both negatively correlated with 2MWT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PwMS with OAB exhibit higher FoF, poorer gait, and impaired dual-task performance compared to those without OAB. These findings highlight the significant impact of OAB on functional and disease-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Van Avermaet, S Proost, G Vangrinsven, P G Jorens, L Yperzeele
{"title":"Pneumocephalus in pneumococcal meningitis.","authors":"L Van Avermaet, S Proost, G Vangrinsven, P G Jorens, L Yperzeele","doi":"10.1007/s13760-025-02882-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-025-02882-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Successful treatment of Charles Bonnet syndrome after cerebellar stroke in a patient with binocular macular degeneration with low dose brexpiprazole: a case report.","authors":"Okan Ekinci","doi":"10.1007/s13760-025-02886-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-025-02886-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The prevalence of restless legs syndrome among university students: a single-centre study.","authors":"Burhanettin Çiğdem, Şeyda Figül Gökçe","doi":"10.1007/s13760-025-02875-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-025-02875-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a relatively common movement disorder. Epidemiological data on RLS in young adults remain lacking. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of primer RLS among university students comprising young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was performed by two neurologists using the face-to-face survey method. A total of 3,047 students were included in the study. First, secondary causes of RLS were excluded by anamnesis. Then, eligible participants were asked to provide demographic data and answer five questions from the 2014 revised international restless legs syndrome study group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria; students who answered \"yes\" to the five questions were considered to have RLS and were invited to the hospital to further exclude secondary causes of RLS using medical data system, neurological examination, and blood tests. The IRLSSG severity scale was applied to measure the severity of the disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary RLS was detected in 78 students comprising 44 females and 34 males, with a prevalence rate of 2.6%. Sleep disorders were more common in individuals with RLS (p = 0.005), and included difficulty falling asleep and waking up frequently (p = 0.001). Of the 78 students with RLS, 32 had first-degree relatives with RLS (41.02%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When the secondary causes of RLS, which adversely affects the quality of life, is excluded, the prevalence of primary RLS in among included university students was 2.6%.</p>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aysegul Akkan Suzan, Seyda Bilgin, Pelin Degirmenci, Nurten Uzun Adatepe, Alper Doventas, Aysegul Gunduz
{"title":"What causes loss of muscle mass in primary sarcopenia: A MUNIX analysis and correlation with plasma biomarkers.","authors":"Aysegul Akkan Suzan, Seyda Bilgin, Pelin Degirmenci, Nurten Uzun Adatepe, Alper Doventas, Aysegul Gunduz","doi":"10.1007/s13760-025-02873-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-025-02873-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To determine if the loss of muscle mass in primary sarcopenia is secondary to motor neuron loss or directly related to muscle fiber loss using electrophysiological methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited individuals with primary sarcopenia and non-sarcopenic individuals of similar age and gender for the study. After a detailed evaluation of geriatric syndromes and neurological disorders through systemic, neurological, and electrophysiological examinations, we recorded the motor unit number index (MUNIX) and motor unit size index (MUSIX) of the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in all participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with sarcopenia exhibited reduced FDI MUNIX and lower TA CMAP amplitude and MUNIX values. The FDI MUNIX showed an inverse correlation with ferritin levels.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Primary sarcopenia is characterized by motor unit loss without significant reinnervation. Motor unit loss in individuals with sarcopenia can be demonstrated in both the upper and lower extremities using the MUNIX method, and functional iron deficiency contributes to the etiology of primary sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Demonstration of motor unit loss in primary sarcopenia supports the hypothesis that the disease has a neuromuscular origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ioana Miron, Dan M Visarion, Carmen M Crețu, Sorin Duțulescu, Viorel M Prună
{"title":"Cervical intradural dirofilariasis mimicking a subdural tumour - case report.","authors":"Ioana Miron, Dan M Visarion, Carmen M Crețu, Sorin Duțulescu, Viorel M Prună","doi":"10.1007/s13760-025-02877-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-025-02877-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}