{"title":"Association between genetically proxied lipid-lowering drug targets, lipid traits, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a mendelian randomization study","authors":"Zhaoqi Yan, Yifeng Xu, Keke Li, Liangji Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13760-023-02393-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13760-023-02393-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of circulating lipid traits as biomarkers to predict the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is currently controversial, and the evidence-based medical evidence for the use of lipid-lowering agents, especially statins, on ALS risk remains insufficient. Our aim was to apply a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess the causal impact of lipid-lowering agents and circulating lipid traits on ALS risk.</p><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Our study included primary and secondary analyses, in which the risk associations of lipid-lowering gene inhibitors, lipid traits, and ALS were assessed by the inverse variance weighting method as the primary approach. The robustness of the results was assessed using LDSC assessment, conventional MR sensitivity analysis, and used Mediating MR to explore potential mechanisms of occurrence. In the secondary analysis, the association of lipid-lowering genes with ALS was validated using the Summary data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) method.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results showed strong evidence between genetic proxies for Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) inhibitor (<i>OR</i> = 0.76, 95% <i>CI</i> = 0.68 − 0.86; <i>P</i> = 5.58 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) and reduced risk of ALS. Additionally, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor (<i>OR</i> = 1.06, 95% CI = 0. 85–1.33) was not found to increase ALS risk. SMR results suggested that ApoB expression was associated with increased ALS risk, and colocalization analysis did not support a significant common genetic variation between ApoB and ALS. Mediator MR analysis suggested a possible mediating role for interleukin-6 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). While elevated LDL-C was significantly associated with increased risk of ALS among lipid traits, total cholesterol (TC) and ApoB were weakly associated with ALS. LDSC results suggested a potential genetic correlation between these lipid traits and ALS.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Using ApoB inhibitor can lower the risk of ALS, statins do not trigger ALS, and LDL-C, TC, and ApoB levels can predict the risk of ALS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":"124 2","pages":"485 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54227282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validation of the prehospital stroke scales as a tool for in-hospital large vessel occlusion stroke: whether we satisfied?","authors":"Kai Qiu, Ting Xie, Ke Wei, Hai-Bin Shi, Sheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13760-023-02402-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13760-023-02402-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prehospital stroke severity scales have been widely used to identify whether community stroke patients presented with large vessel occlusion (LVO) or not. However, whether these scales are also applicable to in-hospital stroke patients remains unknown.</p><h3>Purpose</h3><p>We aim to validate and compare the predictive capability of these scales for these patients.</p><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>From January 2016 to October 2020, a total of 243 patients who activated in-hospital stroke alerts, were included in this study. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the predictive ability of five scales (Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination [FAST-ED], Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation [RACE], Los Angeles Motor Scale [LAMS], Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Severity Scale [CPSSS], and Prehospital Acute Stroke Severity scale [PASS]) for LVO. In addition, multivariable logistic analysis was adopted to determine the predictors of LVO in our patients cohort.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Finally, 94 (38.7%) patients were confirmed presence of persistent LVO. The AUC for the FAST-ED, RACE, LAMS, CPSSS, and PASS scales to predict the presence of LVO in patients activating in-hospital stroke alerts were 0.82, 0.89, 0.86, 0.81, and 0.79, respectively. After multivariable analysis, baseline NIHSS (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.160, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.110–1.212; P < 0.001) atrial fibrillation (adjusted OR = 2.940, 95% CI = 1.387–6.230; P = 0.005) and cardiac/pulmonary procedure (adjusted OR = 6.861, 95% CI = 2.437–19.315; P < 0.001) remained independent predictors of LVO.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The prehospital stroke scales also showed good predictive capabilities in discriminating LVO among inpatients who activated stroke alerts. However, given that inpatients' history is more readily available, a specifically designed in-hospital stroke scale that combines stroke severity and history is warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":"124 2","pages":"467 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54227283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endovascular treatment for scalp arteriovenous fistulas: prospects and dilemmas","authors":"Jinlu Yu","doi":"10.1007/s13760-023-02401-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13760-023-02401-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scalp arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an anomalous arteriovenous connection without a capillary bed. For symptomatic scalp AVFs, an appropriate treatment must be chosen. Currently, endovascular treatment (EVT) can serve as an alternative to surgical excision. However, EVT of scalp AVFs constitutes a challenge. A standard EVT strategy for scalp AVFs has not yet been established. Therefore, a review of current research on EVT for scalp AVFs is essential. In this review, the following issues were discussed: scalp vessel anatomy; etiology, angioarchitecture and classification of scalp AVFs; EVT principles and techniques; and EVT complications and prognosis. In addition, we attempted to propose a feasible grading system with 4 grades. Based on the literature review and our experience, we found that scalp AVFs have a complex angioarchitecture, which made EVT only possible in specific cases with low-grade scalp AVFs. EVT can be performed by transarterial or transvenous embolization. Direct puncture embolization can also be used for scalp AVFs. Complete occlusion of scalp AVF by EVT had low complication and recurrence rates and a good prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":"124 4","pages":"1199 - 1211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50156813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofie Ordies, Thomas De Brauwer, Tom De Beule, Sven Van Poucke, Kim Bekelaar, Ben Van Bylen, Dieter Mesotten, the Stroke Consortium
{"title":"The effect of anesthesia on hemodynamics and outcome of patients undergoing thrombectomy after acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective analysis","authors":"Sofie Ordies, Thomas De Brauwer, Tom De Beule, Sven Van Poucke, Kim Bekelaar, Ben Van Bylen, Dieter Mesotten, the Stroke Consortium","doi":"10.1007/s13760-023-02399-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13760-023-02399-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Anesthesia during thrombectomy remains a matter of debate. We retrospectively investigated the influence of intraprocedural blood pressure and type of anaesthetic agent on 3-month functional outcome and mortality in stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy under general anesthesia in a single center study.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>All patients suffering from stroke who presented between January 2019 and July 2021 at Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk, Belgium and who received thrombectomy were included. Patient’s characteristics and outcome data had been collected for benchmarking. Detailed perioperative data were exported from the electronic anesthesia records and clinically validated. Patients were stratified by peri-operative presence of hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg at any time point) versus no-hypotension (MAP ≥ 65 mmHg).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>All 98 patients received mechanical thrombectomy under general anesthesia. Thirty-six percent (n = 35) was hypotensive peri-operatively at any time point. Proportion of sevoflurane use was higher in non-hypotensive patients compared to hypotensive patients (73% (n = 45) vs. 51% (n = 18), <i>p</i> = 0.04). Peri-operative use of vasopressors was higher in the hypotensive group compared to non-hypotensive (88% (n = 30) vs. 63% (n = 39), <i>p</i> = 0.008). Proportion of patients with good functional outcome at 3 months (mRS 0–2) was higher in non-hypotensive patients compared to hypotensive patients 44% (n = 27) vs. 24% (n = 8), <i>p</i> < 0.05. 90-day mortality was lower in non-hypotensive patients compared to hypotensive patients 21% (n = 13) vs. 43% (n = 15), (<i>p</i> = 0.02).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Patients who are hypotensive at any given time during thrombectomy under general anesthesia may have worse neurological outcome compared to non-hypotensive patients. The best anaesthetic management for mechanical thrombectomy needs to be clarified prospectively in large multicenter studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":"124 2","pages":"523 - 531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erik M. Vos, Manon Kappelhof, Sanne J. den Hartog, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Bart J. Emmer, Bob Roozenbeek, Wim H. van Zwam, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, H. Bart van der Worp, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Adriaan C. G. M. van Es, Charles B. L. M. Majoie, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Cacha M. P. C. D. Peeters-Scholte, Ido R. van den Wijngaard
{"title":"Endovascular treatment of patients with stroke caused by anterior cerebral artery occlusions","authors":"Erik M. Vos, Manon Kappelhof, Sanne J. den Hartog, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Bart J. Emmer, Bob Roozenbeek, Wim H. van Zwam, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, H. Bart van der Worp, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Adriaan C. G. M. van Es, Charles B. L. M. Majoie, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Cacha M. P. C. D. Peeters-Scholte, Ido R. van den Wijngaard","doi":"10.1007/s13760-023-02395-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13760-023-02395-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is uncommon but may lead to significant disability. The benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) for ACA occlusions remains uncertain.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We included patients treated with EVT and compared patients with ACA occlusions with patients who had internal carotid artery (ICA) or proximal (M1/M2) middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions from the MR CLEAN Registry. Primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS). Secondary outcomes were functional independence (mRS 0–2), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, delta-NIHSS (baseline minus NIHSS score at 24–48 h), and successful recanalization (expanded thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (eTICI) score 2b-3). Safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), periprocedural complications, and mortality.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 5193 patients, 11 (0.2%) had primary ACA occlusions. Median NIHSS at baseline was lower in patients with ACA versus ICA/MCA occlusions (11, IQR 9–14; versus 15, IQR 11–19). Functional outcome did not differ from patients with ICA/MCA occlusions. Functional independence was 4/11 (36%) in patients with ACA versus 1949/4815 (41%) in ICA/MCA occlusions; median delta-NIHSS was − 1 (IQR − 7 to 2) and − 4 (IQR − 9 to 0), respectively. Successful recanalization was 4/9 (44%), versus 3083/4787 (64%) in ICA/MCA occlusions. Mortality was 3/11 (27%) versus 1263/4815 (26%). One patient with ACA occlusion had sICH; no other complications occurred.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this cohort ACA occlusions were uncommon. Functional outcome did not differ between patients with ACA occlusions and ICA/MCA occlusions. Prospective research is needed to determine feasibility, safety, and outcomes of EVT for ACA occlusions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":"124 2","pages":"621 - 630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41187860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo Carrasco-Moro, Juan Salvador Martínez-San Millán, María Pérez-Pérez, José María Pascual
{"title":"Syndrome of the third frontal convolution: Léon Ectors´ legacy on paradoxical ipsilateral hemiparesis","authors":"Rodrigo Carrasco-Moro, Juan Salvador Martínez-San Millán, María Pérez-Pérez, José María Pascual","doi":"10.1007/s13760-023-02394-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13760-023-02394-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the crossed control of sensitive-motor body functions by the contralateral cerebral hemispheres was recognized in the early 18th century, clinicians have been baffled by patients developing a motor deficit involving the extremities on the same side as an intracranial lesion. In the first third of the 20th century, three main hypotheses were proposed to explain this so-called ipsilateral or paradoxical hemiparesis: (1) the absence of decussation of the corticospinal tracts; (2) diaschisis, or blocking of the normal input to a brain region anatomically distant from the injured site; and (3) compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the tentorial border, also known as the Kernohan–Woltman notch phenomenon. Here, we deal with the less widely known contributions of the Belgian neurosurgeon Léon Ectors, who included this paradoxical deficit within a neurological syndrome he considered highly specific for an early diagnosis of those meningiomas growing over the third frontal convolution. The present manuscript includes a systematic review of the cases of ipsilateral hemiparesis secondary to intracranial masses reported in ancient and modern scientific medical literature. We also address in-depth the physiopathological theories accounting for this syndrome and contrast them with Léon Ectors’ observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":"124 1","pages":"37 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41181761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LncRNA MEG8 ameliorates Parkinson’s disease neuro-inflammation through miR-485-3p/FBXO45 axis","authors":"Xia Lin, Taotao Tao, Xinwei He, Lingqun Mao, Luping Pan, Linkao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13760-023-02388-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13760-023-02388-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Studies suggest that LncRNA maternally expressed 8, small nucleolar RNA host gene (MEG8) contributes to inflammatory regulation, while the function and potential mechanisms of MEG8 in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are unknown. This study aimed to assess the clinical value and biological function of MEG8 in PD.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>One hundred and two PD patients, eighty-six AD patients, and eighty healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia BV2 constructs an in vitro cell model. RT-qPCR was conducted to quantify the levels of MEG8, miR-485-3p, and FBXO45 in serum and cells. ROC curve was employed to examine the diagnostic value of MEG8 in PD. Serum and cellular pro-inflammatory factor secretion were quantified by ELISA. Dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assay to validate the targeting relationship between miR-485-3p and FBXO45.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>MEG8 and FBXO45 were significantly decreased in the serum of PD patients and LPS-induced bv2, while miR-485-3p was increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05). ROC curve confirmed that serum MEG8 has high sensitivity and specificity to identify PD patients from healthy controls and AD patients, respectively. Elevated MEG8 alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory factor overproduction compared with LPS-induced BV2 (<i>P</i> < 0.05), but this alleviating effect was eliminated by miR-485-3p (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The LPS-induced inflammatory response was suppressed by the low expression of miR-485-3p but significantly reversed by silencing of FBXO45. MEG8 was a sponge for miR-485-3p and inhibited its levels and promoted FBXO45 expression (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Elevated MEG8 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for PD and may mitigate inflammatory damage in PD via the miR-485-3p/FBXO45 axis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":"124 2","pages":"549 - 557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41181760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemehsadat Seyedaghamiri, Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh, Tahereh Ghadiri, Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan, Leila Hosseini
{"title":"A new insight into the role of pericytes in ischemic stroke","authors":"Fatemehsadat Seyedaghamiri, Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh, Tahereh Ghadiri, Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan, Leila Hosseini","doi":"10.1007/s13760-023-02391-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13760-023-02391-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The functional structure of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) deteriorates after stroke by developing diffuse microvascular and neurovascular dysfunction and loss of white matter integrity. This causes nervous tissue injury and causes sensory and motor disabilities in stroke patients. Improving the integrity of the BBB and neurovascular remodeling after stroke can promote post-stroke injury conditions. Pericytes are contractile cells abundant in the BBB and sandwiched between astrocytes and endothelial cells of the microvessels. Stroke could lead to the degeneration of pericytes in the BBB. However, recent evidence shows that promoting pericytes enhances BBB integrity and neurovascular remodeling. Furthermore, pericytes achieve multipotent properties under hypoxic conditions, allowing them to transdifferentiate into the brain resident cells such as microglia. Microglia regulate immunity and inflammatory response after stroke. The current review studies recent findings in the intervening mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of pericytes in BBB recovery after stroke.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7042,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica Belgica","volume":"124 3","pages":"767 - 774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41092077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}