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[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker's design of a unity of physics]. [Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker物理统一体的设计]。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
Thomas Görnitz
{"title":"[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker's design of a unity of physics].","authors":"Thomas Görnitz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As I learned in many conversations with Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, he saw his place in the history of science deriving from his \"Theory of Urs\". This theory will establish the unity of science on the basis of quantum bits. Any attempts to find some \"fundamental bricks\"--of whatever kind--must fail because of the antinomies of atomism. An abstract quantum bit is a structure quantum that cannot be conceived as a particle in space and time. However, it is clear, solely for logical reasons, that a quantum bit is an ultimate and indecomposable entity. Weizsäcker's revolutionary goal was--already 50 years ago--to unite quantum theory with cosmology and, on these grounds, proceed to a theory of elementary particles. The article gives a short overview of Weizsäcker's approach to the unity of physics, ending with a brief summary of what has been achieved in that endeavour up to now.</p>","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 63","pages":"159-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32463619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker - physicist and philosopher]. 卡尔·弗里德里希·冯Weizsäcker -物理学家和哲学家。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
Michael Drieschner
{"title":"[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker - physicist and philosopher].","authors":"Michael Drieschner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subject of this paper is the philosopher Carl Friedrich von weizsäcker, especially under the aspect of the relation between physics and philosophy in his works. The decisive role of time in physics as well as in philosophy is described, and thereof is derived the comprehension of probability as a predicted relative frequency. Consequently quantum mechanics is interpreted as a theory of probability that uses \"quantum logic\" instead of classical propositional logic that is used in \"normal\" probability. The philosophical fruit of that is the interpretation of potentiality as the modality of the future. Weizsäcker's proposals for a justification of physics a priori are dealt with as well as his approach to a theory of \"ur-objects\", which are atoms in the strictest sense: q-bits.--Questions of Weizsäcker's personality are addressed: His role in the development of the nuclear reactor and atomic bomb in Nazi time, his enthusiasm and his religiousness as well as his efforts towards world peace.</p>","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 63","pages":"465-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32464578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Werner Heisenberg]. [Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker和Werner Heisenberg]。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
David C Cassidy
{"title":"[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Werner Heisenberg].","authors":"David C Cassidy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 50-year relationship between Weizsäcker and Heisenberg spanned the highpoints of discovery and dictatorship during the 1930s, extended into the war-time uranium project, the post-war controversy over that project, debates over West German nuclear policy, and the philosophical implications of modern physics. This paper explores the interaction between these two leading figures during that difficult and significant half-century.</p>","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 63","pages":"485-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32464579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Introduction. Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker]. [Introduction .弗里德里希·冯·魏茨泽克。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
Klaus Hentschel, Dieter Hoffmann
{"title":"[Introduction. Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker].","authors":"Klaus Hentschel,&nbsp;Dieter Hoffmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 63","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32461763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
["The hard core". Science between politics and philosophy by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and in the finalization theory]. “硬核”。政治与哲学之间的科学由卡尔·弗里德里希·冯Weizsäcker和在最终理论]。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
Wolfgang Krohn
{"title":"[\"The hard core\". Science between politics and philosophy by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and in the finalization theory].","authors":"Wolfgang Krohn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Starnberg Max-Planck Institute one of the working groups was concerned with science as the formative condition--or \"hard core\"--of societal modernity, and with science as potential resource for solving social problems and addressing future goals. More precisely, the group intended to differentiate between phases in which scientific disciplines predominantly care for their own paradigmatic completion and those allowing their theoretical potential resonate with external needs. The conceptual model was coined \"finalization in science\". It soon provoked a heated controversy on the dangers of social control of science. The paper analyses Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker's views on the relation between philosophy and policy of science including his interpretation of Thomas Kuhn and reconstructs the impact of his ideas on the finalization model. It finally reflects on the relationship between science development and change of consciousness in the context of scientific responsibility for (the use of) research outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 63","pages":"283-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32462135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
["World domestic policy" as a way to eternal peace? Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker's realistic idealism as theory of a sustainable policy]. “世界国内政策”是通往永久和平的途径?卡尔·弗里德里希·冯Weizsäcker作为可持续政策理论的现实理想主义]。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
Ulrich Bartosch
{"title":"[\"World domestic policy\" as a way to eternal peace? Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker's realistic idealism as theory of a sustainable policy].","authors":"Ulrich Bartosch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intention of this article is to show the suitability of \"Weltinnenpolitik\" (world domestic policy) as an analytic and programmatic view on contemporary policy. A full reconstruction or comparison of Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker's concept is not at the focus. As mentioned in other contributions to this volume, Weizsäcker did not refer to the disciplinary discourses in detail. His approach is particularly 'unique' since he set about in 1963 to study the conditions of peace in a very general way. By doing so, he was able to circumscribe the conditions of peace realistically: those valid for us today and apparently also in the future. Weizsäcker probably did underestimate the complexity of the transformation to sustainable politics for preventing climate change. Vice versa one should hope that we today do not discount the prevention of atomic war as a sine qua non for sustainable climate-saving policy. Both could mark the quintessential conditions for peace.</p>","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 63","pages":"323-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32462137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Recollections of Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker]. [卡尔·弗里德里希·冯·魏泽克回忆]。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
Klaus Gottstein
{"title":"[Recollections of Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker].","authors":"Klaus Gottstein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reminiscences and a diary of the author allow a report on meetings, conversations, experiences and joint undertakings with Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker during five decades. They began in the winter of 1948/49 in Göttingen in the Max Planck Institute for Physics where Werner Heisenberg was the director and Weizsäcker head of the Theory Division and where the author was graduate and post-graduate student and later group and division leader. In the 1960s a close cooperation with Weizsäcker resulted from common membership in Working Committee and Board of the Federation of German Scientists (VDW). As Science Attaché at the Embassy in Washington from 1971 to 1974 the author prepared for Weizsäcker the programme of his visits to the U.S. From 1974 to 1977 he cooperated closely with Weizsäcker, preparing the sessions of the Advisory Committee to the Federal Minister of Research and Technology of which Weizsäcker was Chair. Also in later years there were illuminating discussions and correspondences.</p>","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 63","pages":"561-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32462567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and the interpretations of quantum theory]. [卡尔·弗里德里希·冯Weizsäcker和量子理论的解释]。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
Manfred Stöckler
{"title":"[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and the interpretations of quantum theory].","authors":"Manfred Stöckler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What are 'interpretations' of quantum theory? What are the differences between Carl Friedrich von Weizsäkcker's approach and contemporary views? The various interpretations of quantum mechanics give diverse answers to questions concerning the relation between measuring process and standard time development, the embedding of quantum objects in space ('wave-particle-dualism'), and the reference of state vectors. Does the wave function describe states in the real world or does it refer to our knowledge about nature? First, some relevant conceptions in Weizsäcker's book The Structure of Physics (Der Aufbau der Physik, 1985) are introduced. In a second step I point out why his approach is not any longer present in contemporary debates. One reason is that Weizsäcker is mainly affected by classical philosophy (Platon, Aristoteles, Kant). He could not esteem the philosophy of science that was developed in the spirit of logical empiricism. So he lost interest in disputes with Anglo-Saxon philosophy of quantum mechanics. Especially his interpretation of probability and his analysis of the collapse of the state function as change in knowledge differ from contemporary standard views. In recent years, however, epistemic interpretations of quantum mechanics are proposed that share some of Weizsäcker's intuitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 63","pages":"187-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32463621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[History of anatomy - academy history. On the development of scientific academies in the Third Reich exemplified by anatomy]. 解剖学的历史-学院史。第三帝国科学院的发展[以解剖学为例]。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
Florian Steger, Mathias Schütz
{"title":"[History of anatomy - academy history. On the development of scientific academies in the Third Reich exemplified by anatomy].","authors":"Florian Steger,&nbsp;Mathias Schütz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on the history of National Socialism has for decades ignored the German academies of sciences as well as the subject of anatomy. This was due to the rather minor roles the societies played in the scientific policy of the Third Reich and role anatomy played in medicine during this period of time. Recent investigations in both subjects were able to show how worthwhile the dealing with seemingly minor aspects of National Socialist policies is: Those aspects can especially help to sharpen the historical judgment of scientific and political actions. On the basis of recent archival research this article tries to present and analyze the subject of anatomy and the academies of sciences regarding their reciprocal relationship between 1933 and 1945. Besides the Leopoldina, the Prussian and the Bavarian Academies of Sciences will be focused on: By the examples of the anatomists represented in these societies it can be shown how anatomy as well as the societies developed under National Socialism and which general tendencies, entanglements and differences are relevant for the matter. The insight in this relationship focuses on the one hand on the anatomists represented in the societies. On the other hand it deals with the presence of anatomical research in the society, their meetings and publications, and especially with ideology and crimes reflected in this research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 64","pages":"259-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34643007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Science and society. Guidelines for the Leopoldina Study Center]. 科学与社会。Leopoldina研究中心指南]。
Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2014-01-01
Jörg Hacker
{"title":"[Science and society. Guidelines for the Leopoldina Study Center].","authors":"Jörg Hacker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to adequately perform its many diverse tasks as a scholars' society and as the German National Academy of Sciences, the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina needs to view itself in a historical context. This can only happen as part of a culture of remembrance which fosters the memory of the Leopoldina's past and subjects this to a critical analysis in the context of the history of science and academies. The newly founded Leopoldina Study Center for the History of Science and Science Academies is to be a forum that pursues established forms of historical research at the Leopoldina, organizes new scientific projects, and presents its findings to the public. The aim is to involve as many Leopoldina members as possible from all of its disciplines, as well as to collaborate with national and international partners.</p>","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 66","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32474690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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