Acta historica Leopoldina最新文献

[In process.] 在过程。

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Kiirin Nickelsen

{"title":"[In process.]","authors":"Kiirin Nickelsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Whoever turns to the history of photosynthesis research in the twentieth century is soon confronted with the fact that one of its most exciting periods, the years from 1938 to 1955 (and even beyond), was in large part overshadowed by a bitter controversy in which many of the leading scientists in the field were involved: the dispute on the minimal quantum requirement - or, its inverse: the maximum quantum yield - of photosynthesis. On the one side was Otto H. WARBURG (1883 -1970), who, in 1923, had found that 4-5 light quanta were required for one molecule of oxygen; and who would never accept any other value. On the other side were a number of highly renowned American photosynthesis researchers, among others Robert EMERSON (1903-1959), James FRANCK (1882-1964) and Hans GAFFRON (1902-1979), who contested this value and argued, instead, that 8-12 light quanta were required for one molecule oxygen. This value is still accepted today. In this paper, the course of the controversy is reconstructed on the basis of numerous documents and correspondences that so far have not received much attention. The historically contingent factors will be analyzed that made this controversy so atrocious; however, I will argue that the dispute was not primarily about reputation and glory but in large parts driven by the keen interest of the scientific community to solve a difficult research question - notwiith standing the fact that WARBURG failed to comply with scientific conventions of methodical transparency and mutual.","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 65","pages":"37-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35869802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[In process.] 在过程。

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Ulrike Denk

引用次数: 0

[In process.] 在过程。

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Michael Kaasch, Joachim Kaasch

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The Great War as a Crucial Point in the History of Russian Science and Technology. 第一次世界大战是俄国科技史上的一个转折点。

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Dmitry L Saprykin

引用次数: 0

[In process.] 在过程。

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Myles W Jackson

{"title":"[In process.]","authors":"Myles W Jackson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The story, which unfolds here, is a cultural history of science, one that closely analyzes the content of science. My story deals with an object, a gene. I use the CCR5 gene as a heuristic tool in order to probe the boundaries between science and society. Three important themes are discussed in this essay: genes as commodities (intellectual property and gene patents); alleles, natural selection, and the resistance to disease; and race and genomics. This is in part a story about neoliberalism, laissez-faire goverenments, free and open markets, the increase of privatization, and biotechnology. Many claim that the United States Patent and Trademake Office's (henceforth, USPTO) leniency in granting gene patenting led to the growth of biotechnology. I maintain the opposite: the growth of biotechnology led to decision to patent genes. My story is one of the present, a genealogy to borrow FOUCAULT'S and NIETZsCHE's terminology. How has it come about that genes are patentable entities, and that human classificatory schemes are usually based on race, although there are an infinite number of possibilities to characterize human variation? There are always alternatives, and historians are obliged to present those alternatives and explain why they were never chosen. I also use the concept of genealogy in the classical biological sense, i.e. to trace the passing of alleles from one generation to another. While this essay is similar to earlier studies dealing with the biography of objects, particularly scientific objects, the history told here is not a biography of the CCR5 gene, as that story is still ongoing. Rather, this essay concentrates upon a twenty-year period of the gene's life from the mid-1990s to the present. I am interested in understanding how it is we have reached the point we have today with respect to the relationship between science and society, and I use the CCR5 gene as a vehicle for that analysis.","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 65","pages":"65-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35869803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Facial Transplants: What are Authentic Faces? 面部移植:什么是真正的脸?

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Sander L Gilman

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[Not Available.] (不可用)

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Claude Debru

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[In process.] 在过程。

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Ursula Klein

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[In process.] 在过程。

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Ekkehardt Kumbier

{"title":"[In process.]","authors":"Ekkehardt Kumbier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Internationally, Helmut RENNERT (1920-1994) was one of the most renowned representatives of psychiatry in the GDR. From 1958 until 1984 he was the chair of the department of psychiatry and neurology at the Martin Luther University in Halle-Wittenberg. He was also the chairman of the Association for Neurology and Psychiatry of the GDR for many years. The textbook on neurology and psychiatry which he prepared together with Rudolf LEMKE (1906-1957) turned into the standard textbook for training and education in the GDR. RENNERT became well known primarily with his model of the universal genesis of endogenous psychoses in which he propagated the idea of unitary psychosis. In 1965 he became a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and as vice- president he represented the medical section. RENNERT belonged to the so-called second generation of professors which established itself at the end of the 1950s at university clinics in the GDR. As the leading experts and academic lecturers they influenced the field with respect to education and research for the entire time the GDR existed. This generation of professors maintained a strong bond with their academic teachers and continued their tradition in the sense of a \"school\" for the most part independent of political circumstances and restrictions.","PeriodicalId":7006,"journal":{"name":"Acta historica Leopoldina","volume":" 65","pages":"21-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35869836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[[In process].] (过程中。)

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Wolfgang U Eckart

引用次数: 0