第一次世界大战是俄国科技史上的一个转折点。

Acta historica Leopoldina Pub Date : 2016-01-01
Dmitry L Saprykin
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摘要

这篇论文致力于俄罗斯科学技术史上最重要的,同时也是相对未被探索的阶段之一。第一次世界大战恰逢俄罗斯科学、工程教育和技术进入全盛时期。这正是俄罗斯“大科学”时代兴起的时期。许多俄罗斯和苏联的技术项目和科学学校都植根于第一次世界大战时期。科学的“工程化”和“物理-技术”思维方式在战前就已经开始了。但正是这场战争鼓励了很大一部分俄罗斯学术界参与工业项目。在第一次世界大战期间,学术界在发展概念和实施战略计划方面也发挥了重要作用。本文还讨论了在第一次世界大战期间和之后,科学和学术界的组织是如何转变的。它着眼于战争对俄罗斯参与国际科学界的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Great War as a Crucial Point in the History of Russian Science and Technology.

The paper is devoted to one of the most important and, at the same time, relatively unexplored phases in the history of Russian science and technology. The Great War coincided with the beginning of a heyday in science, engineering education, and technology in Russia. It was precisely the time in which Russia's era of "Big Science" was emer- ging. Many Russian and Soviet technical projects and scientific schools were rooted in the time of the Great War. The "engineerization" of science and a "physical-technical" way of thinking had already begun before the war. But it was precisely the war which encouraged a large proportion of the Russian academic community to take part in industrial projects. Academics also played a significant role in developing concepts and implementing strategic plans during the Great War. This article also discusses how the organization of science and the academic community was transformed during, and after, the Great War. And it looks at the impact that war had on Russia's participation in the international scientific community.

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