行为与脑科学期刊(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Nursing, Psychological Intervention and Self-Management after Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"Lizhen Wu, Yajuan Ke, Yunwan Chen, Fangtan Xing, Yan-Ya Chen","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012031","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by motor disorders, mostly occurring in middle-aged and elderly people. The incidence of PD has been increasing year by year, and up to now, PD is still an incurable disease. However, more and more data show that early implementation of deep brain stimulation and early medical, psychological, social and other interventions can significantly improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mental health guidance, cognitive behavioral intervention, psychogenic therapy and scientific nursing for PD patients may improve the functional recovery after Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease. This paper discusses the nursing and psychological intervention methods of deep brain stimulation (DBS) implantation in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), aiming to scientifically discuss the clinical effect of nursing psychological intervention and improve the quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Basic nursing and psychological cognitive behavior intervention measures for PD patients can improve the daily activity ability of PD patients, improve the outcome of PD patients, and effectively improve the satisfaction of PD patients with nursing work, which has certain clinical promotion significance.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41817019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal c-Fos Reactivity of Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala in Perinatally Underfed Lactating Wistar Rats","authors":"M. Salas, Minerva Ortiz-Valladares, M. Regalado, C. Torrero","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012034","url":null,"abstract":"Pre- and neonatal food restriction interferes with the neuronal and functional organization of longterm social adaptive responses including the maternal response to ensure pup survival. We addressed this issue by using low percentages of food from gestational days G6 to G 19 (50% to 30%) followed by a balanced diet from G20 to G21. After birth, pups were underfed by rotating two lactating dams, one with tied nipples, every 12 h. Weaning was at 25 days of age and thereafter an ad libitum diet. The F1 dams’ motivation (pup retrieval, handling shavings and crouching) was evaluated (10 min) at 4 and 12 days of lactation, when they had reached 90 days of age. The maternal neuronal functionality was measured by immunostaining the medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala when the pups were removed from their dams 90 min after suckling. Underfed dams exhibited significantly lower pup retrieval, handling shavings and crouching frequencies, as well as prolonged latencies for pup retrieval and for handling shavings and crouching. Furthermore, early underfed dams had Fos-I neuron deficiencies mainly in the pre-frontal cortex, with minor effects on the amygdala, possibly because the pups’ cues to elicit maternal motivation were suboptimal and/or because of the deficient network activation.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"548-561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44542275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BDNF Gene Frequency Distribution in Li and Han Ethnic Groups in Hainan Province and Its Comparison with Other Countries and Regions","authors":"M. Guo, Jun-Cheng Guo, Yun-Suo Gao, Xiao-dan Wang","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012032","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of BDNF gene frequency in Li and Han nationalities in Hainan province. Methods: In June 2018-2019 and march to the people’s hospital of Hainan province health volunteers, 152 cases (Li 80, Han, 72), the application of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to detect the polymorphism of BDNF gene (rs6265), and compared with other countries and regions of ethnic comparison between BDNF gene frequency distribution. Results: No statistical difference was found in rs6265 genotype distribution of BDNF gene in Li and Han ethnic groups (P = 0.3358, P = 0.0892, P = 0.1549). Comparison of BDNF allele frequency between Li and other ethnic groups showed statistically significant differences with other ethnic groups in China and Europe (P = 0.0384, P = 0.0000), but not statistically significant differences with Japan (P = 0.1164). Conclusion: BDNF gene (rs6265) has polymorphism in both Li and Han ethnic groups in Hainan Province. Compared with ethnic groups in other countries and regions, the polymorphism distribution is ethnically different.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45131733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 Diagnosis by Artificial Intelligence Based on Vibraimage Measurement of Behavioral Parameters","authors":"V. Minkin, A. Bobrov, V. Akimov, Еugeniia Lobanova, Yana Nikolaenko, Oleg Martynov, G. Zazulin","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012037","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothesis of behavioral parameters dependence measured from person’s head movements in quasi-stationary state on COVID-19 disease is discussed. Method for determining the dependence of vestibular-emotional reflex parameters on COVID-19, various diseases and pathologies are proposed. Micro-movements of a head for representatives of the control group (with a confirmed absence of COVID-19 disease) and a group of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were studied using vibraimage technology. Parameters and criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19 for training artificial intelligence (AI) on the control group and the patient group are proposed. 3-layer (one hidden layer) feedforward neural network (40 + 20 + 1 sigmoid neurons) was developed for AI training. AI was firstly trained on the primary sample of patients and a control group. Study of a random sample of people with trained AI was carried out and the possibility of detecting COVID-19 using the proposed method was proved a week before the onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. Number of COVID-19 diagnostic parameters was increased to 26 and AI was trained on a sample of 536 measurements, 268 patient measurement results and 268 measurement results in the control group. The achieved diagnostic accuracy was more than 99%, 4 errors per 536 measurements (2 false positive and 2 false negative), specificity 99.25% and sensitivity 99.25%. The issues of improving the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method for diagnosing COVID-19 are discussed. Further ways to improve the characteristics and applicability of the proposed method of diagnosis and self-diagnosis of COVID-19 are outlined.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44355205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-Retest Reliability of Sensory Evoked Potentials in Low-Functioning Autism: A Case Report","authors":"Kyongje Sung, M. Różycka, Dana Boatman Reich, J. O’Grady, K. Keller, B. Gordon","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012033","url":null,"abstract":"Sensory abnormalities are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) but are often difficult to assess using standard behavioral methods. Evoked potentials provide objective, non-invasive electrophysiological measures of neural sensory processing that could be useful for clinical and investigative studies of individuals with low-functioning autism who are unable to perform behavioral testing. Despite increased use, the reliability of sensory evoked potentials has not been established for individuals with low-functioning autism. Establishing reliability is important for validating the utility of sensory evoked potentials. In this study, we explored the feasibility of assessing the test-retest reliability of sensory evoked potentials using repeat recordings, acquired over 2.5- and 6-month intervals, from a minimally verbal adult with low-functioning autism. Repeat auditory and visual evoked potential recordings showed high test-retest reliability, with cross-correlation coefficients ≥ 0.80. This case demonstrates the feasibility of establishing test-retest reliability for individuals with low-functioning autism and supports the utility of sensory evoked potentials in clinical and investigative ASD studies.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"537-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49528162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Stress with the Socio-Economic Factors of Individuals That Attended the Taxpayers’ Appreciation Week 2018, Kampala Uganda","authors":"Nwanna Uchechukwu Kevin, Nabunya Mariah Peggy, R. Suubi, Ilori Oluwole, Kalyango Frank, Fred Kasirye, James Kateregga, Jimmy Kirumira, Carol Nabasirye","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1012035","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Work-related stress has increased in nine European Union (EU) countries in the last ten years. Eighty (80%) percent of the general population in European countries believes that work-related stress will rise in the coming five years. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the various levels of stress with the socio-economic elements among individuals that participated in Uganda’s tax payer’s appreciation week in the year 2018 held in Kampala. Methodology: This study applied a cross-sectional study design that unified quantitative research methods and a convenience sampling method were used in this study to gather the information from the 390 respondents. Data were examined using SPSS version 20; univariate and bivariate analysis were done to measure the association between stress and the participant’s socio-economic factors. Results: Respondents who were employed recorded the majority with a percentage of 60%, while the unemployed recorded the minority with a percentage of 40%. Respondents who were employed were more likely to experience low stress as compared to those who were unemployed, under the category of moderate stress, respondents who were employed were more likely to be moderately stressed as compared to their unemployed counterparts, as for the category of high stress, unemployed respondents were more likely to be highly stressed than those that were employed and this was not statistically significant (X2 =2.374; p-value = 0.305). Conclusion: The results from this research indicated that there was no significant association between the socioeconomic factors of the respondents with stress levels. Recommendations: More community sensitization and awareness should be carried out to educate individuals about stress and its impacts on health.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"562-567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43795094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conscious, Explicit Memory, Implicit Memory, and Instincts as the Four-Component Mind for the Mental Origins of Psychotherapy and Personality","authors":"Dingyu Chung","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1011030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1011030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes that conscious, explicit memory, implicit memory, and instincts constitute the four-component mind for the mental origins of psychotherapy and personality. The mental origin of the personality theories including the big five personality traits, the MBTI, the social style model, the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, and the Schwartz’s theory of basic human values is from the unconscious instincts (the six social and three mental protective instincts). The three mental protective instincts that contain the three instinctive countermeasures against the three adversities are hyperactivity countermeasure against danger, phobia countermeasure against unfamiliarity-uncertainty, and comforter countermeasure against hardship. Each countermeasure is regulated (moderated) by a regulator to minimize overactive countermeasure as physical regulator to minimize overactive immunity in physical immune system. Severe adversities and ineffective regulators over-activate protective countermeasures to generate overactive countermeasures as overactive hyperactivity, overactive phobia, and overactive comforter, corresponding to dramatic-impulsive cluster, anxious-fearful cluster, and odd-eccentric cluster, respectively for personality-mental disorders in the DSM-5. Such disordered behavioral habits are stored in unconscious implicit memory which generates disordered thought patterns in pre-conscious explicit memory. For psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) normalizes disordered thought patterns in explicit memory to normalize disordered behavioral habit memory in implicit memory through the repetitive training in normalizing thought patterns, feelings, and behaviors. For psychotherapy, mindfulness meditation strengthens conscious attention (working memory) to normalize disordered behavioral habit memory through the repetitive training in directing conscious attention to the breath or body. In conclusion, the mental origin of personality-mental disorders is from the overactive mental protective instincts. The mental origin of psychotherapy is from therapeutic implicit memory and conscious attention for CBT and mindfulness meditation, respectively. The mental origin of personality is from the unconscious instincts. Therefore, the four-component mind of conscious, explicit memory, implicit memory, and instincts explains the origin, the storage, and the normalization of personality-mental disorders for psychotherapy, and provides the mental origin of personality.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"471-516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47554020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Characteristics of Perceived Difficulties in Everyday Technology Use among Individuals with Acquired Brain Injury Compared to That among Controls","authors":"Osamu Nakata, R. Tanemura, Toru Nagao, Kazue Noda, J. Sagara","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1010026","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: People with acquired brain injury (ABI) have various difficulties when using everyday technology (ET) in their daily life. The aim of this study was to reveal the characteristics of perceived difficulties of people with ABI when using ET through a comparison with the control group. Method: We recruited participants in the Kansai area and Okayama prefecture between 2010 and 2015. A total of 24 participants (18 males and 6 females; aged 20 to 62 years; mean age: 42.6 ± 13.3 years) with ABI and 26 healthy controls were interviewed about their perceived difficulties using ET via the Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire revised Japanese version (ETUQ-Japan). Results: Compared to the controls, the mean number of ETs used by people with ABI was significantly lower. When various difficulties arose, they were unable to independently manage ET, requiring the assistance of caregivers. Conclusion: It is necessary for the medical staff, involved in the home life of patients with ABI to consider the patient’s perceived difficulties when using ET.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41493451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Expression of Nicotinic Receptors in Perinatal Life Related to Prenatal Exposure to Toxics—An Overview of the Research Carried Out on This Topic at the “Lino Rossi” Research Center of the Milan University","authors":"A. Lavezzi","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1010027","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to underline the impact of nicotine and pesticides on neuronal α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expression in brainstem regions receiving cholinergic projections, given their fundamental role during the neuronal development. The in-depth histopathological/immunohistochemical examination of the autonomic nervous system performed at the “Lino Rossi” Research Center of the Milan University on a wide group of sudden unexpected fetal and infant deaths, highlighted the frequent hypodevelopment of brainstem structures checking the vital functions associated to altered expression of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and smoke absorption in pregnancy. A dysregulation of the catecholamine system was also observed in the cerebellar cortex of the same cases. However, in a not negligible percentage of sudden deaths with altered expression of α7-nicotinic receptors, the mothers never smoked but lived in rural areas. Specific analytical procedures showed the presence of agricultural pesticides in cerebral cortex samples of these victims. Therefore, it is possible to believe that the exposition to pesticides during pregnancy can produce the same harmful effects as nicotine on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Moreover, alterations of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors receptor expression were also detected in the lungs of many sudden perinatal death victims, allowing to consider even these findings as possible consequence of maternal exposure to toxic factors.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46187907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Association between Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Li and Han Ethnic Groups in Hainan Province and DNA Methylation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genes","authors":"Xiao-dan Wang, Yun-Suo Gao, M. Guo, Jun-Cheng Guo","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.1010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.1010025","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the pathogenesis of PTSD in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene methylation of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD) in Hainan Province, the relationship between the influence of BDNF gene methylation and the influence of PTSD. Methods: A case-control study method was adopted, strictly in accordance with DSM-IV and PTSD diagnosis, and 150 Li PTSD patients matched with gender and age of 300 Han PTSD patients were selected as the research objects. The peripheral venous whole blood of the subjects was drawn, genomic DNA was extracted, modified with bisulfite, and directly sequenced to quantitatively detect the methylation status of the CpG island in the promoter region of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Results: The results showed that the methylation levels of CPGl, CPG2, CPG3, CPG4, CPG5, CPG6, CPG7, CPG9, CPGl2, CPGl3, CPGl4, CPGl5, CPGl6, CPGl7, and CPGl8 in THE BDNF promoter were significantly different between the HAN PTSD group and the Li PTSD group (P Conclusion: It is suggested that CPG methylation in the promoter region of BDNF gene is closely related to patients with PTSD. There is a statistical difference in the level of CpG methylation in the promoter region of BDNF gene in PTSD between Li and Han ethnic groups in Hainan Province. CpG methylation in the promoter region of BDNF gene may be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PTSD.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46674062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}