行为与脑科学期刊(英文)最新文献_第7页

Ultrasound and Electromyography as Guidance Tools for the Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Cervical Dystonia 超声和肌电图作为肉毒杆菌毒素治疗宫颈肌张力障碍的指导工具

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 DOI: 10.4236/JBBS.2021.112004

G. Salazar, S. Ferreiro, M. Fragoso, J. Codas, H. Cruz

引用次数: 2

The Evolution of Theory of Mind in the Human Evolution 心理理论在人类进化中的进化

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 DOI: 10.4236/JBBS.2021.111002

Dingyu Chung

{"title":"The Evolution of Theory of Mind in the Human Evolution","authors":"Dingyu Chung","doi":"10.4236/JBBS.2021.111002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBBS.2021.111002","url":null,"abstract":"Despite almost half a century of research for theory of mind, its evolutionary origin is largely unknown. This paper proposes that the evolutionary origin of theory of mind starts from the beginning of the human evolution to form hominins through bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The feet of the early hominins were still adapted for grasping trees rather than walking for long distances and running fast on the ground. The early hominins lived in the mixed habitat of grassy woodland with patches of denser forest, and freshwater springs. The difficulty of walking in the mixed habitat leads to division of labor for the home specialist group (small children, old people, and mothers with small children, and pregnant women) in the safe forest area and the exploration specialist group (young people without the care of small children) in the dangerous open area. The different tasks, attitudes, and mentalities in different specialist groups produce theory of mind as the ability to attribute different mental states to different specialist groups. (Uniformity of mind instead of theory of mind is for generalists without division of labor). The early Homo species with the open habitat developed theory of mind for hunter specialist group and gatherer specialist group. The middle Homo species with complex stone tools developed theory of mind for the cooperative specialist groups in the large production of complex stone tools. The late Homo species with complex social interaction developed theory of mind for mind reading to enhance cooperation and to detect cheaters in complex social interaction. For religion, the unusually harsh Upper Paleolithic Period developed theory of mind for imaginary specialists in terms of supernatural power, guidance, and comfort. Therefore, the three general types of theory of mind are for specialists in division of labor, mind reading in complex social interaction, and imaginary specialists in imaginary division of labor under harsh conditions. Self-awareness in the mirror self-recognition test is also explained.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43827709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the Protective Mechanism of Acupuncture Regulating ICAM-5 mRNA Expression in Rats with Ischemic Stroke 针刺调节缺血性脑卒中大鼠ICAM-5 mRNA表达的保护机制研究

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2021.1112026

Yating Shen, Ximei Xie, X. Bai, Hua Bai, X. Chang, Yuanyuan Tang, Qiuyu Li

{"title":"Study on the Protective Mechanism of Acupuncture Regulating ICAM-5 mRNA Expression in Rats with Ischemic Stroke","authors":"Yating Shen, Ximei Xie, X. Bai, Hua Bai, X. Chang, Yuanyuan Tang, Qiuyu Li","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2021.1112026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2021.1112026","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective is to investigate whether acupuncture can protect brain by regulating the expression of ICAM-5 mRNA in brain tissue. Methods: Male SD rats were used to construct a middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion injury (Middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) model, and the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely the normal group (group A) and the sham operation group (group B), MCAO group (group C), MCAO + acupuncture group (group D); real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of ICAM-5 mRNA in the brain tissue of the ischemic area, and HE staining and TUNEL were used to detect the level of neuronal apoptosis to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Results: Acupuncture can improve neuronal morphology and reduce neuronal apoptosis in rats with ischemic stroke. RT-qPCR: compared with group A and group B, the expression level of ICAM-5 mRNA in the brain tissues of group C and group D decreased, while compared with group C, The expression of ICAM-5 mRNA in the brain tissue of group D was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between group A and group B (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of ischemic stroke may achieve neuroprotection by up-regulating the expression level of ICAM-5 mRNA.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70837613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reserpine-Induced Progressive Parkinsonism in Mice Predisposed and Non-Predisposed to Depressive-Like Behavior 利血平诱导的小鼠进行性帕金森病易感和非易感抑郁样行为

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2021.1111022

Manuela B. L. Soares, L. Lopes-Silva, Marcela Becegato, Vinícius S. Bioni, A. C. Lima, Gabriela M. Ferreira, Ywlliane S. R. Meurer, R. Silva

{"title":"Reserpine-Induced Progressive Parkinsonism in Mice Predisposed and Non-Predisposed to Depressive-Like Behavior","authors":"Manuela B. L. Soares, L. Lopes-Silva, Marcela Becegato, Vinícius S. Bioni, A. C. Lima, Gabriela M. Ferreira, Ywlliane S. R. Meurer, R. Silva","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2021.1111022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2021.1111022","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative condition that mainly affects the elderly. The disease comprises motor symptoms such as tremors at rest, loss of voluntary movement, decreased muscle strength, propensity to lean forward and acceleration of the walking pace. These signs are related to the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Patients also have non-motor symptoms, among which sleep alterations, cognitive deficits, fatigue, pain and depression stand out. Although depression has been described as the most prevalent non-motor symptom, it is not clear whether this mood disorder is due to PD or patients would already have a greater predisposition. The present study evaluated the relationship between the predisposition to depressive-like behavior and the development of motor alterations in a progressive pharmacological model of PD in mice. Mice were classified into groups of depressive-like propensities and submitted to the pharmacological model. Reserpine was administrated at 0.1 mg/kg on alternate days for 40 days. The catalepsy and oral movement tests were used to evaluate motor alterations, the sucrose preference test was used to evaluate anhedonia,","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70837470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bioinformatics Study of Plasma Differentially Expressed Proteins in H-Type Hypertension with or without Acute Cerebral Infarction 伴或不伴急性脑梗死的h型高血压患者血浆差异表达蛋白的生物信息学研究

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2021.111001

N. Chen, M. Guo, Dan Yu, F. Zhou

{"title":"Bioinformatics Study of Plasma Differentially Expressed Proteins in H-Type Hypertension with or without Acute Cerebral Infarction","authors":"N. Chen, M. Guo, Dan Yu, F. Zhou","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2021.111001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2021.111001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the bioinformatics of differentially expressed proteins in plasma in patients with acute cerebral infarction associated with H-type hypertension. Methods: Gene chip public database (gene expression omnibus, GEO) GDS4521 chip data, in the chip in 30 cases of H patients with acute cerebral infarction with high blood pressure and age, gender, matching the 20 H hypertension patients as the research object, collects the mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is used to detect the gene chip, using the GO (gene Ontology, GO), protein function analysis tools such as KEGG, screening and analysis of enrichment of differentially expressed genes function and related signaling pathway. Results: 31 genes in PBMCs were significantly changed in h-type hypertension and H-type hypertension with acute cerebral infarction, 32 of which were increased and 2 of which were decreased. GO analysis showed that in terms of biological processes, the genes related to inflammatory response and neutrophil chemotaxis were the most. In terms of molecular function, chemokine activity-related genes are the most. KEGG signaling pathway analysis showed that the most differentially expressed genes were located in the TNF signaling pathway. Conclusion: H-type hypertension with acute cerebral infarction has a variety of functional proteins and signaling pathways changes, suggesting that inflammatory response in H-type hypertension with acute cerebral infarction recovery period may still play a role in the prognosis and reactivation of the disease.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70837228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Children, Influenza, Encephalopathy, Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Index 儿童，流行性感冒，脑病，临床特征，实验室指标

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2021.119018

Qinglian Chen, Tianxiang Qiu, Guangming Liu, Peiqing Li, Hui Lu

引用次数: 0

Correlation of Serum Cytokines in Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 创伤后应激障碍患者血清细胞因子的相关性研究

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2021.1112023

P. Chang, M. Guo

引用次数: 0

Absence of Ketamine Effects on Learning & Memory Following Exposure during Early Adolescence: A Preliminary Report 氯胺酮对青少年早期学习和记忆的影响不存在:初步报告

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/JBBS.2021.111003

S. O’Brien, D. Compton, Julianna M. Davis, J. Elvir, Adrien Albritton

{"title":"Absence of Ketamine Effects on Learning & Memory Following Exposure during Early Adolescence: A Preliminary Report","authors":"S. O’Brien, D. Compton, Julianna M. Davis, J. Elvir, Adrien Albritton","doi":"10.4236/JBBS.2021.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBBS.2021.111003","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, ketamine was considered useful as a dissociative anesthetic. More recently, ketamine has been examined for its effects as a fast-acting antidepressant, for treatment-resistant depression, and as a non-opiate treatment of chronic pain. Unfortunately, ketamine has enjoyed popularity as a recreational drug among both adolescents and young adults. While some research suggests the use of this drug during neurodevelopment is not without consequence, relatively little work has been conducted to examine the chronic effects of ketamine on the adolescent brain at different stages of neural development. Using a rodent model of development, we probed the effects of early adolescent exposure to ketamine. Between postnatal days 22 to 40, a period comprising early to mid-adolescence, rats were exposed to one of two doses of ketamine or saline. Beginning at 90 days of age and drug free for 50 days, a series of neuropsychological assessments were employed to examine general activity, spatial navigation, as well as nonspatial response learning. Contrary to prediction, except for differences in general activity levels, no spatial or nonspatial impairments were found among the drug- and saline-treated animals. The present results are considered in light of ketamine-associated effects found in a related study with older adolescent rats and the role of drug exposure during different points in adolescent brain development.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70837291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Borderline Personality Disorders by Dialectical Therapy 边缘型人格障碍的辩证治疗

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2021.1112025

Nadia Khalid Al-Khalidi, Hamad Al-Tayyar

引用次数: 0

Depression by the Theory of Breathing and Finding Meaning of Life 呼吸理论与寻找生命意义的抑郁

行为与脑科学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2021.1112024

Nadia Khalid Al-Khalidi, Hamad Al-Tayyar

{"title":"Depression by the Theory of Breathing and Finding Meaning of Life","authors":"Nadia Khalid Al-Khalidi, Hamad Al-Tayyar","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2021.1112024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2021.1112024","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the relationship of finding meaning to life with the level of depression and investigates the effect of using breathing theory in treating or reducing depression in a sample of individuals suffering from depression in the Kuwait Mental Health Center. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach through an applied questionnaire on the study sample which consist of (380) individuals and the quasi-experimental approach by dividing the study sample individuals into two groups; control group consisted of (190) individuals and experimental group consist of (190) individuals. Also, the researcher developed meaning of life scale and breathing strategy, also used beck depression inventory scale. The study found a set of results, there is a negative relationship between finding meaning in life and depression and there are statistically significant differences between the members of the two groups due to the use of the breathing strategy, in favor of the experimental group. In the light of this result, the study came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are holding training and educational courses for depressed patients on ways and methods of finding meaning in life , as these courses have the benefit in reducing the level of depression among patients.","PeriodicalId":69804,"journal":{"name":"行为与脑科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70837371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0