Acta Parasitologica最新文献

{"title":"Characterization and Evaluation of Justicia adhatoda L. and Its Green Synthesized Nanoparticles for Its Efficacy in Culex quinquefasciatus","authors":"Vikas Chandra Roy,&nbsp;Prince Leeban Johnwilmet,&nbsp;Rajalakshmi Anbalagan,&nbsp;Jayalakshmi Krishnan,&nbsp;Jefrillah Jebaseelan,&nbsp;Anand Setty Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01357-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01357-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Justicia</i><i> adhatoda L.</i>, commonly referred to as Vasa or Vasaka, is a significant therapeutic shrub in traditional ayurvedic practice. This study examines the therapeutic potential of leaves from <i>J. adhatoda</i> in treating Mosquito-borne diseases. We hypothesized that <i>J. adhatoda</i> extract and its green synthesized silver nanoparticles may have antibacterial and antilarvicidal effects. </p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The aqueous leaf extracts of <i>J. adhatoda</i> were employed as a reducing and capping agent for the AgNP synthesis. The synthesized AgNPs were confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), UV-Visible Absorbance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The analysis of plant-derived compounds in the leaf extracts using methanol, ethanol, chloroform and water showed the existence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins and glycosides. The leaf extracts of <i>J. adhatoda</i> and their silver nanoparticles demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against <i>S. epidermidis,</i> a bacterium known to cause secondary infections, in the case of Lymphatic Filariasis, antioxidant activity was assessed to characterize the leaf’s phytochemical profile and larvicidal efficacy was evaluated against <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i>. </p><h3>Results</h3><p> Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, and glycosides across the solvents. Both the leaf extract and its AgNPs showed significant antibacterial efficacy against <i>S.epidermidis </i>and acted as a good Radical Scavenging agent. The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited a better larvicidal effect [LC₅₀ = 34.38 μg/ml] when compared to the aqueous leaf extract [LC₅₀ = 9060 μg/ml (9.06 mg/ml)].</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p> The findings highlight the potential of <i>J. adhatoda</i> and its green-synthesised AgNPs as an eco-friendly and promising therapeutic agent in the control and management of larvicidal activity against <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> and antibacterial efficacy against <i>S. epidermidis.</i> More comprehensive studies will be carried out to analyze the efficacy of <i>J. adhatoda</i> and its nanomaterial by evaluating the larvicidal and antibacterial activity by conducting in vitro analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Larvicidal Potential of Nepeta cataria and Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti","authors":"Iqra Shafeeq,&nbsp;Sammina Mahmood,&nbsp;Adeel Sattar,&nbsp;Qamar Niaz,&nbsp;Mian Abdul Hafeez,&nbsp;Muhammad Ilyas,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahid Mahmood","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01358-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01358-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mosquito-borne diseases remain one of the greatest challenges to global public health, with <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (<i>A. aegypti</i>) serving as a primary vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika. Reliance on synthetic insecticides for larval control has contributed to ecological concerns, human health risks, and the emergence of resistance in mosquito populations. These issues highlight the urgent need for safer, sustainable, and environmentally compatible alternatives. The present study investigated the larvicidal efficacy of essential oils extracted from locally grown plants. <i>Cymbopogon nardus (C. nardus)</i> (citronella) and <i>Nepeta cataria (N. cataria)</i> (catnip) as potential botanical substitutes in the scenario of changing climate. Fresh plant materials were authenticated, processed, and subjected to solvent extraction. The chemical composition of both oils was characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), which confirmed several phytoconstituents of biological importance, including citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, and nepetalactone isomers. Larvicidal bioassays were performed against <i>A. aegypti</i> using two stock concentrations (1 and 0.1%) at variable doses, with mortality monitored after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. Both essential oils demonstrated evident dose- and time-dependent mortality, with complete larval death observed at higher concentrations. Probit regression analysis provided effective LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values, confirming the strong larvicidal activity of both extracts. Their use can not only reduce dependency on hazardous synthetic insecticides but also support the development of greener strategies within integrated mosquito management programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Microbiome and Bacterial Biofilms in the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","authors":"Derya Topuz Ata,&nbsp;Anıl Ata","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01353-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01353-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne parasitic disease characterized by chronic skin lesions. Emerging evidence has highlighted the critical role of the skin microbiome and bacterial biofilms in disease progression. This review discusses the current evidence supporting the involvement of the skin microbiome and bacterial biofilms in the pathogenesis of CL. It further examines the clinical significance of microbiota dysbiosis and bacterial coinfections, reviews emerging biofilm-directed adjunctive therapeutic strategies, and outlines key knowledge gaps for future translational research.</p><h3>Methods </h3><p>The available literature on the skin microbiome, bacterial biofilms, microbiota dysbiosis, bacterial coinfections, host immune responses, and emerging biofilm-directed adjunctive therapeutic strategies in cutaneous leishmaniasis was reviewed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>CL lesions are associated with microbial dysbiosis characterized by an increased abundance of opportunistic bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. These alterations contribute to dysregulated host immune responses, including increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced neutrophil recruitment, thereby promoting disease progression and delaying wound healing. Biofilm formation within CL lesions represents an additional factor contributing to disease persistence. Biofilms protect bacteria from host immune defences and limit antimicrobial penetration, thus reducing therapeutic efficacy and contributing to treatment failure. The interplay among Leishmania, bacterial communities, and host immunity creates a complex polymicrobial microenvironment that exacerbates lesion pathology. </p><h3>Conclusion </h3><p>A deeper understanding of these complex interactions may enable the design of more effective therapeutic approaches directed at both the parasite and the polymicrobial wound environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Burden of Hookworm and Co-Infections in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review on Human and Small Animal Populations","authors":"Suey Yee Low,&nbsp;Abdul Rahman Omar,&nbsp;Sadiq Mohammed Babatunde,&nbsp;Azalea Hani Othman,&nbsp;Puteri Rose Camelia binti Roselan,&nbsp;Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01340-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01340-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Hookworm infection remains a major public health concern, particularly in tropical regions such as Southeast Asia (SEA), where environmental and socio-economic conditions favour transmission. Despite the substantial burden, current knowledge of hookworm epidemiology in SEA remains fragmented as limited efforts have been made to synthesis findings across human and small animal populations.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This systematic review aimed to summarize existing literature from January 1, 2015 through March 7, 2025 on the prevalence and risk factors of hookworm infection in both human and small animal populations across SEA.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Pooled hookworm prevalence was 9.1% (95% CI: 6.6%–12.3%) among 10 2064 humans and 34.3% (95% CI: 21.6%–49.8%) among 4 219 small animals. In humans, the most prevalent combination was hookworm, <i>Trichuris</i> spp., and <i>Ascaris</i> spp. (15.6%, 95% CI:14.7%–16.5%), followed by hookworm and <i>Strongyloides</i> spp. (14.0%, 95% CI: 13.2%–14.8%). Animal hookworm coinfection was frequently associated with <i>Toxocara</i> spp. (57.7%, 95% CI: 52.4%–62.9%).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings highlight the complex nature of hookworm transmission in SEA, imply the need for integrated One Health based control strategies. Future research is recommended to focus on urban settings and investigate host-parasites interactions underlying coinfections to support the development of more effective and context specific intervention strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Louse Flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Sympatric Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European Mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon) in Germany: A Study Based on Samples Collected by Hunters","authors":"Steffen Rehbein,&nbsp;Martin Visser,&nbsp;Mike Heddergott","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01362-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01362-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Although usually of minor importance for their wild ungulate hosts, ticks and more recently also louse flies are receiving considerable attention, mainly because of the multitude of pathogens associated with them. Knowledge about the occurrence of these ectoparasites in wild ungulates in Germany is limited, as access to study material is often difficult.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Hunters who contributed tissue samples for a study into vector-borne infections in mouflon and roe deer were asked to also grossly examine the carcasses of these animals and collect ectoparasites, which were then identified to the species.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Ectoparasites were collected from 105 of 153 roe deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) and 84 of 153 mouflon (<i>Ovis gmelini musimon</i>) harvested in 11 areas in Germany where both ungulate species co-occurred. In roe deer, three species each of louse flies (<i>Lipoptena cervi</i>, <i>Lipoptena fortisetosa</i>, <i>Hippobosca equina</i>) and ticks (<i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, <i>Ixodes hexagonus</i>, <i>Ixodes rugicollis</i>) were identified; in mouflon, three species each of louse flies (<i>L. cervi</i>, <i>L. fortisetosa</i>, <i>Melophagus ovinus</i>) and ticks (<i>I. ricinus</i>, <i>I. hexagonus</i>, <i>I. rugicollis</i>) as well as and one louse species (<i>Bovicola ovis</i>) were identified. <i>Hippobosca equina</i> was for the first time recorded in roe deer in Germany, and the findings of <i>I. rugicollis</i> in roe deer as well as of <i>L. fortisetosa</i>, <i>M. ovinus</i>, <i>I. hexagonus</i> and <i>I. rugicollis</i> in mouflon are the first records of these ectoparasites in the two ungulate species. Overall, ectoparasites were more often collected from roe deer compared to mouflon (68.6% vs. 54.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.0185). Ticks were collected from 52.9% of roe deer and mouflon each, and louse flies were collected from 33.3% of roe deer and 9.8% of mouflon (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Ticks were thus identified more frequently than louse flies in both roe deer and mouflon (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Differences in the phenology of the two <i>Lipoptena</i> species were noted.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results of this work indicate that samples collected by hunters can make an important contribution to the study of ectoparasites of wild animals, which are becoming increasingly important for veterinary and human medicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic Resistance to Public Health Insecticides in Field Populations of the Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), from Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Olukayode James Adelaja,&nbsp;Rhoda Ibukunoluwa Yusuf,&nbsp;Ayobami Dorcas Olaleye,&nbsp;Faith Zaphaniah,&nbsp;Adeolu Taiwo Ande","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01369-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01369-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The global resurgence of the common bed bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), is driven by widespread insecticide resistance. In sub-Saharan Africa, intensive use of pyrethroids for malaria vector control may exert collateral selection pressure on bed bug populations. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic susceptibility of Nigerian <i>C. lectularius</i> populations to four major classes of public health insecticides and to evaluate community knowledge and practices regarding bed bug infestations.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five Local Government Areas of Kwara Central District, Nigeria, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Bed bugs collected from infested dwellings were exposed to WHO insecticide-impregnated papers at diagnostic concentrations for malaria vectors: deltamethrin (0.05%), pirimiphos-methyl (0.25%), DDT (4%), and propoxur (0.1%). Knockdown was recorded over 60 min, and mortality after 24 h. Repellency was assessed using a two-choice test for two populations.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Survey data revealed low public awareness, with 38.4% of respondents unaware of infestation causes. All five field populations exhibited resistance to all four insecticide classes, with 24-h mortality rates (0–70%) well below the WHO 90% susceptibility threshold. Pirimiphos-methyl was the most toxic insecticide, achieving the highest mortality (50–70%) in four populations. Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed severely delayed knockdown, with median knockdown times (KDT₅₀) exceeding 60 min for most insecticide–population combinations. Propoxur showed the strongest repellent effect (up to 73.3%).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides the first evidence of widespread phenotypic resistance to multiple public health insecticide classes in Nigerian <i>C. lectularius</i> populations. The high-level resistance to pyrethroids and DDT raises concerns about the potential collateral impacts of sustained insecticide pressure from malaria vector control on urban pest populations. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated pest management and routine resistance monitoring in malaria-endemic regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Profile and Insecticidal Properties of Essential Oil Obtained from Algerian Artemisia herba-alba Leaves","authors":"Kenza Benaceur,&nbsp;Mustapha Naceur Youcefi,&nbsp;Farouk Benaceur","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01363-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01363-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Vector control is critical for reducing mosquito-borne diseases. Plant-derived insecticides offer a safer and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and insecticidal efficacy of essential oil (EO) from <i>Artemisia herba-alba</i> against <i>Culex pipiens</i>.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>EO composition was determined using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellent, and oviposition deterrent activities were assessed through bioassays. Molecular docking analyses were conducted to investigate interactions between major EO components and mosquito enzymes involved in critical physiological processes.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>GC/MS revealed camphor (19.47%), 2-nonanone (16.96%), exo-fenchol (9.30%), and cis-thujone (8.18%) as the primary constituents. Larvicidal activity exhibited a dose- and time-dependent effect, with an LC₅₀ of 47.12 ppm at 72 h. Adulticidal activity was moderate. Repellency reached 92.92% at 6 µL/cm², and EO significantly reduced oviposition, with an Oviposition Activity Index of -0.85 at 7%. Docking studies indicated strong binding of cis-thujone and pinocarvone to glutathione S-transferase, chitinase h, and acetylcholinesterase.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The EO of <i>A. herba-alba</i> demonstrated potent larvicidal, repellent, and oviposition deterrent effects, with active compounds potentially disrupting essential mosquito physiological functions. These findings support its potential application as a natural agent in integrated vector management programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axenic Cultivation of the First Human-Derived Breviata anathema from a Patient with Fascioliasis in West Bengal, India","authors":"Sanjib Kumar Sardar,&nbsp;Ajanta Ghosal,&nbsp;Yumiko Saito-Nakano,&nbsp;Jun Suzuki,&nbsp;Sandipan Ganguly,&nbsp;Seiki Kobayashi","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01360-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01360-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To establish axenic cultivation of a human-derived <i>Breviata anathema</i> (strain T76) isolated from the stool of a patient with fascioliasis and to characterize its biological properties.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>T76 was maintained in American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) medium 207, supplemented with sulfate-reducing <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> and co-cultured with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, at 30 °C. Axenic cultivation was attempted by transferring T76 flagellates to various axenic culture media supplemented with antibiotics for parasitic intestinal protozoan species.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The 18 S rRNA gene sequence of T76 exhibited significant homology with the free-living, bacterivorous <i>B</i>. <i>anathema</i> (ATCC 50338), a member of the rare clade Obazoa. Axenic cultivation of <i>B. anathema</i> (T76) was achieved in YIGADHA-S medium, in which gluconic acid and dihydroxyacetone replaced glucose as energy substrates.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><i>B</i>. <i>anathema</i> (T76) was isolated from a patient with fascioliasis, exposed through consumption of aquatic plants from ponds, a known habitat of this organism. Axenic cultivation of T76 was established in YIGADHA-S medium, originally developed for <i>Entamoeba dispar</i>, and cyst-like spherical bodies harboring flagellates were observed and exhibited resistance to 0.1 N HCl.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-026-01360-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular analysis of Myxobolus malabaricus n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxozoa) parasitizing Hoplias malabaricus in Amazon basin","authors":"Márcia Nazaré Sacco Dos Santos,&nbsp;Sávio Lucas Matos Guerreiro,&nbsp;Flávia Letícia Gurjão De Andrade,&nbsp;Mikaela Vivian Pereira Andrade,&nbsp;Diehgo Tuloza Da Silva,&nbsp;Elane Guerreiro Giese,&nbsp;Edilson Rodrigues Matos,&nbsp;Igor Guerreiro Hamoy","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01354-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01354-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study identified an undescribed myxozoan parasite species infecting <i>Hoplias malabaricus</i> specimens collected from the Arari River, in the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. Thirty specimens were necropsied to search for microparasite, and when plasmodium found, material was collected for analysis via light microscopy, histology and molecular biology methodologies. Macroscopic plasmodium was observed in the gills of 30% of the examined specimens. Microscopic analysis of the plasmodium revealed the presence of myxospores belonging to the genus <i>Myxobolus</i>. These myxospores were distinguished from other <i>Myxobolus</i> species that parasitize freshwater Amazonian fish based on their overall morphology, morphometry and partial sequence (1,452 base pairs) of the SSU rDNA gene. These analyses revealed the existence of a new species of <i>Myxobolus</i>, named <i>Myxobolus malabaricus</i> n. sp. The new species is clearly distinct from other Myxozoa and may be an important parasite for causing disease in the gills of <i>H. malabaricus</i>, an important species of the Amazonian teleost fauna.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148576283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Vaccine Development Against Poultry Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae): A Literature Review on Native and Recombinant Antigens","authors":"Yousef Mirzaei,&nbsp;Hawri Fatih Dawoodi","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01350-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01350-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The poultry red mite, <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (De Geer, 1778), is a significant ectoparasite affecting the poultry industry, leading to considerable economic losses and potential zoonotic risks. Vaccines provide attractive alternatives to acaricides for various reasons, including the lack of residues in food products, reducing resistance in target populations, and ease of administration. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research on vaccine development against <i>D. gallinae</i>, with particular emphasis on previously reported native and recombinant antigen candidates and their immunological potential.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A narrative review of the literature was conducted using major scientific databases to identify studies related to vaccine development against <i>D. gallinae</i>. Emphasis was placed on studies investigating antigen discovery strategies, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Candidate antigens for <i>D. gallinae</i> have mainly been identified using two main approaches: a pragmatic method that involves fractionating native protein extracts from the mites and a rational-type approach that selects appropriate antigens based on their homology with protective antigens from other ectoparasite species. Vaccination with several antigens has been shown to induce partial protective immune responses in chickens, but variability in efficacy remains a major limitation, and no fully effective commercial vaccine is currently available.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Vaccination represents a promising alternative to acaricides for the control of <i>D. gallinae</i>. However, the variable efficacy observed across studies remains a major challenge. Therefore, further research is needed to identify highly efficacious antigens and to develop practical, field-applicable vaccines for sustainable control strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}