Acta Parasitologica最新文献

{"title":"Pathogenesis of Experimental Infection of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with Nucleospora Braziliensis Pathology and Proteomic of Microsporidia","authors":"Marianna Vaz Rodrigues,&nbsp;Danilo Alves de França,&nbsp;Bruno Cesar Rossini,&nbsp;Reinaldo José da Silva,&nbsp;João Pessoa Araújo Júnior","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00889-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00889-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent discovery of disease caused by <i>Nucleospora braziliensis</i> in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) is important as it has highlighted the high prevalence of infection and associated mortality in cultured fish. Thus, this study conducted an experimental infection of this microsporidium to evaluate pathological alterations and conduct proteomic analysis. For pathological observation, samples of brain, eyes, gall bladder, gut, heart, kidney, liver, muscle, skin, spleen, and stomach tissue, were collected, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed for proteomic analysis. The most prevalent lesions were brownish color of the liver, gill filament fusion, gut ischemia, hemorrhage of the lips and fins, hepatomegaly, spleen atrophy, splenomegaly, and stomach congestion. The most common microscopic lesions were degeneration, hemorrhage, and inflammation in the brain, gills, gut, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and stomach. The digested peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS and the intersection of each group showed that in the spleen there were 121 exclusive proteins in the infected sample and 252 in the control, while in the kidney, 129 proteins were identified in the infected specimen compared to 83 in the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the proteome profile of <i>O. niloticus</i> kidney and spleen tissue in response to infection with <i>N. braziliensis</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1661 - 1673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial Mapping and Seasonal Profiling of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Ase-Niger River Settlements: A Data-Driven Population-Base Study in Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"Edore Edwin Ito,&nbsp;Ayodele Samuel Babalola,&nbsp;Joshua Babalola Balogun,&nbsp;Chinwe Nwadiuto Eze,&nbsp;Florence Onyemachi Nduka,&nbsp;Andy Ogochukwu Egwunyenga","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00906-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00906-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study is aimed to determine the geospatial, seasonal, age and gender prevalence and intensity of UgS; and to establish disease maps in the Ase-Niger River communities for effective drug administration.</p><h3>Study Design</h3><p>This study employed a 24 months longitudinal study design for parasitological investigations in 11 riparian communities of the Ase-Niger River basin, taking into cognizance their GPS locations imported into QGIS software for schistosomiasis mapping.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 7,219 urine samples with WHO structured questionnaires were retrieved and subjected to parasitological evaluation using swinnex urine filtration techniques.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>An overall prevalence of 48.10% was established. Geospatially, prevalence ranges from 34.27% (Ivrogbo) to 52.29% (Ase) with seasonal significant difference (<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05) accounting for 76.19% of the total variance. Ashaka had the highest prevalence for both males (55.73%) and females (53.32%) with significant difference in the study sites (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) accounting for 96.47% of the total variance. Age-group 11–20 years consistently maintain a high prevalence at all sites. The peak geometric mean intensity of 105.69 was obtained in the dry season at Lagos Iyede. Ashaka, Igbuku, Iyede-Ame, and Onogboko had heavy-intensity levels in both seasons. Overall, the intensity was lower during the wet season than the dry season, with significant variations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) at Awah and Itobi-Ige. Geospatial prevalence and intensity have a robust and strong positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.7178; <i>p</i> = 0.0129), with 51.53% of intensity variability being influenced by prevalence (R² = 0.5153).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>UgS is a significant public health issue in the Ase-Niger River basin, with prevalences surpassing the national average of 29.0% which calls for MDA in these settlements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1562 - 1575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-024-00906-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Low Genetic Diversity of Dientamoeba fragilis Isolates in Southwest Turkey and Analysis of Clinical Findings","authors":"Erdogan Malatyali,&nbsp;Ozgur Guclu,&nbsp;Ibrahim Yildiz,&nbsp;Sema Ertug,&nbsp;Hatice Ertabaklar","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00896-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00896-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><i>Dientamoeba fragilis (D. fragilis)</i> is a common intestinal protozoan with a global distribution. In the present study, we aimed to determine genetic diversity of <i>D. fragilis</i> isolates with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in the southwest of Turkey and analyse the clinical findings.</p><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>The study included faecal samples from 200 individuals in Aydin, Turkey. The positivity of <i>D. fragilis</i> was determined with 18 S rRNA gene-based PCR assay. Six nested-PCR reactions were set to amplify partial <i>D. fragilis</i> housekeeping genes in the positive samples. The sequences were aligned with the references from GenBank to detect nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes. Additionally, the clinical findings and demographic characteristics of patients were statistically analysed between <i>D. fragilis</i>-infected and non-infected cases.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The positivity of <i>D. fragilis</i> was 16% (32 out of 200 cases) with 18 S rRNA based-PCR, and all were classified as “genotype 1”. The analysis of six MLST loci revealed different haplotypes only at one locus; the remaining five loci exhibited no polymorphisms. The haplotypes in the present study were identical to at least one previously reported reference, except the locus “large subunit of RNA polymerase II” locus. There were no significant differences in any of the clinical findings or demographic characteristics between the infected and non-infected groups.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study revealed a low genetic diversity of <i>D. fragilis</i> isolates from Turkey, like other countries including Italy, Denmark, the UK, Australia, and Brazil. The high degree of sequence similarity in housekeeping genes indicated the clonal distribution of <i>D. fragilis</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1576 - 1586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-024-00896-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miRNA, New Perspective to World of Intestinal Protozoa and Toxoplasma","authors":"Faezeh Hamidi,&nbsp;Niloofar Taghipour","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00888-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00888-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>miRNAs are known as non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression. They are reported in many microorganisms and their host cells. Parasite infection can change or shift host miRNAs expression, which can aim at both parasite eradication and infection.</p><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study dealt with examination of miRNA expressed in intestinal protozoan, coccidia , as well as profile changes in host cell miRNA after parasitic infection and their role in protozoan clearance/ survival.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The authors searched ISI Web of Sciences, Pubmed, Scholar, Scopus, another databases and articles published up to 2024 were included. The keywords of miRNA, intestinal protozoa, toxoplasma and some words associated with topics were used in this search.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Transfection of miRNA mimics or inhibitors can control parasitic diseases, and be introduced as a new therapeutic option in parasitology. Conclusion: This review can be used to provide up-to date knowledge for future research on these issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1690 - 1703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report on the Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii From Donkeys in Kenya","authors":"Fredrick O. Obonyo,&nbsp;Ndichu Maingi,&nbsp;Samuel M. Githigia,&nbsp;Kevin O. Ochwedo,&nbsp;Anne A. Owiti,&nbsp;Evans N. Nyaboga","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00905-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00905-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The present study was conducted to determine the presence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in donkeys by molecular tests and genetic diversity analysis of the obtained DNA samples from central Kenya.</p><h3>Method</h3><p>A total of 363 blood samples were collected from donkeys in Meru and Kirinyaga Counties, and 96 samples that were previously seropositive for <i>T. gondii</i> using indirect ELISA were subjected to nested PCR based on the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) gene followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Genotyping was performed on 15 selected positive samples using multilocus nested polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR-RFLP) with eight genetic markers (’SAG 2, 5’SAG 2, Alt. SAG 2, SAG 3, GRA 6, C29-2, BTUB and L358).</p><h3>Results</h3><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> DNA was detected in 36.5% (35/96) of the blood samples. The sequences obtained exhibited 98.2–99.5% homology with those deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the obtained sequences are conserved and clustered with those of infecting animals from other regions of the world. Eighteen distinct <i>T. gondii</i> haplotypes were identified to be circulating in donkeys from central Kenya. The <i>T. gondii</i> DNA samples exhibited high haplotype diversity (Hd: 0.915) and limited genetic diversity (π = 0.01027). PCR-RFLP of <i>T. gondii</i> DNA-positive samples revealed three different genetic combinations that consisted of alleles I, II and III, indicating the dissemination of atypical genotypes.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study demonstrated that <i>T. gondii</i> is widespread in donkeys from Kenya and could be a possible source of infection in humans. These findings are important for designing control strategies for this parasite to improve the livestock sector, which is one of the main sources of livelihood for farmers in Kenya.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1480 - 1491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-024-00905-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of the Diagnostic Method for the Detection of Parasite Eggs Using the Formalin Ethyl Acetate Concentration Technique","authors":"Jia-Hung Liou,&nbsp;Te-Ling Lu,&nbsp;Hui-Fen Cheng,&nbsp;Long-Wei Lin,&nbsp;Po-Cheng Kung,&nbsp;Hong-Jing Chuang,&nbsp;Te-Hsiu Lee,&nbsp;Chee-Hong Chan,&nbsp;Te-Jung Lu","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00871-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00871-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA) concentration method is commonly used in routine clinical practice to detect parasite eggs in feces. This procedure involves extraction of oil with the organic solvent ethyl acetate (EA), which reduces fecal sediment and provides a cleaner background for microscopic analysis. However, clinically, some sediment failed to float after EA treatment.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Hexane, commonly used in the food oil extraction from oilseeds did not float the feces. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that neither the amount of the oil nor the classes of the oil determined was differed whether hexane or EA was used to float the feces. Oil red, Bodipy and Calcofluor staining showed that the unabsorbed oil droplets in the fecal sediment were trapped within the leaf structure. HCl or acetic acid was added to see if the acid residue could dissolve the cellulose of the leaf to promote the bulk float.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our result showed that the fecal bulk contained the loosened mesophyll cell wall. The addition of acid residues improved fecal bulk float. The proximity of cellulose fiber to EA, but not hexane, may enhance the efficacy of oil extraction from cellulose.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first report that the interaction of cellulose with ethyl acetate in fecal solution has an effect on bulk float. This study improves the understanding of fecal bulk flotation and may assist in the visualization of parasite eggs in clinical practice with non-floating fecal samples in the FEA concentration method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1471 - 1479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-024-00871-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Exhibit Anti-Acanthamoeba castellanii Properties by Inducing Necrotic Cell Death","authors":"Usman Ahmed,&nbsp;Lai Ti Gew,&nbsp;Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui,&nbsp;Naveed Ahmed Khan,&nbsp;Ahmad M. Alharbi,&nbsp;Ayman Alhazmi,&nbsp;Ayaz Anwar","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00891-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00891-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The treatment of amoebic infections is often problematic, largely due to delayed diagnosis, amoebae transformation into resistant cyst form, and lack of availability of effective chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we determined anti-<i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> properties of three metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO₂, ZrO₂, and Al₂O₃).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Amoebicidal assays were performed to determine whether metal oxide nanoparticles inhibit amoebae viability. Encystation assays were performed to test whether metal oxide nanoparticles inhibit cyst formation. By measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, cytotoxicity assays were performed to determine human cell damage. Hoechst 33342/PI staining was performed to determine programmed cell death (apoptosis) and necrosis in <i>A. castellanii</i>.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>TiO₂-NPs significantly inhibited amoebae viability as observed through amoebicidal assays, as well as inhibited their phenotypic transformation as evident using encystation assays, and showed limited human cell damage as observed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase assays. Furthermore, TiO₂-NPs altered parasite membranes and resulted in necrotic cell death as determined using double staining cell death assays with Hoechst33342/Propidium iodide (PI) observed through chromatin condensation. These findings suggest that TiO₂-NPs offers a potential viable avenue in the rationale development of therapeutic interventions against <i>Acanthamoeba</i> infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1717 - 1723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Survey of Tick-Borne Haemoparasites of Dogs by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction from Punjab, India","authors":"Harkirat Singh,&nbsp;M. Padmaja,&nbsp;Aparna M. Thomas,&nbsp;Harsh Panwar,&nbsp;Shaikh I. Nasrul,&nbsp; Jyoti,&nbsp;Nirbhay K. Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00856-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00856-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Tick-transmitted parasites as <i>Babesia gibsoni</i>, <i>Babesia vogeli</i>, <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>, and <i>Hepatozoon canis</i> are major health concern for dogs. Owing to prevalence and infection severity, there is need of sensitive, specific, and affordable test for their simultaneous detection.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Prevalence of <i>B. gibsoni</i>, <i>B. vogeli</i>, <i>E. canis</i>, and <i>H. canis</i> infections was assessed on 719 blood samples by microscopy and multiplex PCR assay targeting <i>18S rRNA</i> (<i>B. gibsoni</i> &amp; <i>H. canis</i>), <i>ITS1 &amp; 5.8S rRNA</i> (<i>B. vogeli</i>) and <i>VirB9</i> gene (<i>E. canis</i>). An internal control (canine-<i>actin</i>) was also included to increase the accuracy of assay and effect of associated risk factors with disease prevalence was also studied.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Microscopic prevalence of <i>B. gibsoni</i>, <i>B. vogeli, E. canis</i> and <i>H. canis</i> was 5.0%, 0.1%, 1.4% and 1.0%, respectively, whereas with multiplex PCR assay, the corresponding values were 8.9%, 1.1%, 2.6% and 5.1% besides concurrent infections of <i>B. gibsoni</i> &amp; <i>H. canis</i> (0.4%), <i>B. gibsoni</i> &amp; <i>E. canis</i> (0.4%), <i>E. canis</i> &amp; <i>H. canis</i> (0.3%) and <i>B. gibsoni</i> &amp; <i>B. vogeli</i> (0.1%). Analytical sensitivity of developed assay was 0.1pg (<i>B. gibsoni</i> &amp; <i>H. canis</i>), 0.01pg (<i>B. vogeli</i>), and 1.0pg (<i>E. canis</i>). A ″fair″ (<i>B. vogeli</i> &amp; <i>H. canis</i>) to ″substantial″ (<i>B. gibsoni</i> &amp; <i>E. canis</i>) agreement between two tests was observed with data as statistically significant. Breed, sex and location were significantly associated with <i>B. gibsoni</i> infection.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The developed multiplex PCR assay offers a potential solution to detect these pathogens simultaneously, aiding in timely diagnosis and effective disease management in suspected dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1458 - 1470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-024-00856-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel Antileishmanial Chemotypes By High-Throughput Virtual and In Vitro Screening","authors":"Huma Khan,&nbsp;Mohammed Ageeli Hakami,&nbsp;Mubarak A. Alamri,&nbsp;Bader S. Alotaibi,&nbsp;Nazif Ullah,&nbsp;Rasool Khan,&nbsp;Asaad Khalid,&nbsp;Ashraf N. Abdalla,&nbsp;Abdul Wadood","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00899-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00899-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Leishmaniasis is a deadly protozoan parasitic disease and a significant health problem in underdeveloped and developing countries. The global spread of the parasite, coupled with the emergence of drug resistance and severe side effects associated with existing treatments, has necessitated the identification of new and potential drugs.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to identify promising compounds for the treatment of leishmaniasis by targeting two essential enzymes of <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: trypanothione reductase (Try-R) and trypanothione synthetase (Try-S).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>High-throughput virtual and in vitro screening of in-house and commercial databases was conducted. A pharmacophore model with seven features was developed and validated using the Guner-Henery method. The pharmacophore-based virtual screening yielded 690 hits, which were further filtered through Lipinski’s rule, ADMET analysis, and molecular docking against Try-R and Try-S. Molecular dynamics studies were performed on selected compounds, and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate their activity against the promastigote and amastigote forms of <i>L. donovani</i>.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The virtual screening and subsequent analysis identified 33 promising compounds. Molecular dynamics studies of two compounds (comp-1 and comp-2) demonstrated stable binding interactions with the target enzymes and high affinity. In vitro experiments revealed that 13 compounds exhibited moderate activity against both the promastigote (IC₅₀, 41 µM–76 µM) and the amastigote (IC₅₀, 44 µM–72 µM) forms of <i>L. donovani</i>. Compounds 1 and 2 showed the highest percent inhibition and the lowest IC₅₀ values.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The identified compounds demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against <i>Leishmania donovani</i> and stable interactions with target enzymes. These findings suggest that the compounds could serve as promising leads for developing new treatments for leishmaniasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1439 - 1457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-024-00899-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal and Repellent Activity of Essential Oils from Copaifera reticulata, Citrus paradisi, Lavandula hybrida and Salvia sclarea Against Immature and Adult Stages of Ctenocephalides felis felis","authors":"Emily Andressa Santos Lima,&nbsp;Diefrey Ribeiro Campos,&nbsp;Eduardo Fellipe Melo Santos Soares,&nbsp;Anna Beatriz Ribeiro Fortunato,&nbsp;Taynara Monsores e Silva,&nbsp;Nayana de Figueiredo Pereira,&nbsp;Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves,&nbsp;Yara Peluso Cid,&nbsp;Katherina Coumendouros","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00874-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00874-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The flea <i>Ctenocephalides felis</i> (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), parasitizes dogs and cats globally, acting as a vector for various pathogens affecting both animals and humans. Growing interest in environmentally friendly, plant-based products prompted this study. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from <i>Copaifera reticulata</i>, <i>Citrus paradisi</i>, <i>Lavandula hybrida</i> and <i>Salvia sclarea</i>, assessing their insecticidal and repellent properties, determining lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90), and evaluating residual efficacy <i>in vitro</i> against <i>Ctenocephalides felis felis</i>.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector analyzed EO composition. <i>In vitro</i> tests involved preparing EO solutions at various concentrations. Ten specimens from each life stage (egg, larva, pupa, adult) were used for insecticidal activity assessment. Adulticidal activity was assessed using 10 cm² filter paper strip, each treated with 0.200 mL of the test solution. Immature stages activities were evaluated using 23.76 cm² discs of the same filter paper, each treated with 0.470 mL of the test solution. Mortality percentage was calculated using (number of dead insects × 100) / number of incubated insects. Probit analysis calculated LC50 values with a 95% confidence interval.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Major EO constituents were β-caryophyllene (EOCR), linalool (EOLH), linalyl acetate (EOSS), and limonene (EOCP). LC50 values were obtained for all stages except for the essential oil of <i>C. paradisi</i>. All oils showed repellent activity at 800 μg/cm². OECR exhibited greater residual efficacy.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Each EO demonstrated superior insecticidal activity against specific <i>C. felis felis</i> stages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"1426 - 1438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}