Acta anatomica最新文献_第4页

Signaling pathways for transduction of the initial message of the glycocode into cellular responses. 糖密码初始信息转化为细胞反应的信号转导途径。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046453

A Villalobo, H Gabius

引用次数: 97

Alzheimer's disease. The density of amygdalar neuritic plaques is associated with the severity of neurofibrillary pathology and the degree of beta-amyloid protein deposition in the cerebral cortex. 阿尔茨海默氏症。杏仁核神经性斑块的密度与神经原纤维病理的严重程度和大脑皮层β -淀粉样蛋白沉积的程度有关。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01

D M Yilmazer-Hanke

{"title":"Alzheimer's disease. The density of amygdalar neuritic plaques is associated with the severity of neurofibrillary pathology and the degree of beta-amyloid protein deposition in the cerebral cortex.","authors":"D M Yilmazer-Hanke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The gradual development of Alzheimer-related neurofibrillary changes and beta-amyloid deposits have been investigated in the amygdala and cerebral cortex with advanced silver methods. Neurofibrillary tangles occur within the somata of nerve cells, while neuropil threads are located in nerve cell processes. In neuritic plaques, there are both neuronal processes containing neurofibrillary changes and extracellular deposits of beta-amyloid protein. The amygdala early displays Alzheimer-type pathology and is typically rich in neuritic plaques. Neuritic plaques do not occur in the amygdala in the absence of neuropil threads and neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal region and amygdala. In contrast to the gradual increase in the number of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, neuritic plaques grow in size and number along with advancement in the neurofibrillary and beta-amyloid pathology. The findings indicate that neuropil threads and neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal region and amygdala precede neuritic plaques in the amygdala, and the density of neuritic plaques is related both to the degree of neurofibrillary and beta-amyloid pathology in the cerebral cortex.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"162 1","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20701321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional distribution of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on lymphocytes in the high endothelial venule analyzed by backscatter electron imaging. 背散射电子成像分析高内皮小静脉淋巴细胞细胞间粘附分子-1的三维分布。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046466

K Sasaki, Y Okouchi, H J Rothkötter, R Pabst

{"title":"Three-dimensional distribution of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on lymphocytes in the high endothelial venule analyzed by backscatter electron imaging.","authors":"K Sasaki, Y Okouchi, H J Rothkötter, R Pabst","doi":"10.1159/000046466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046466","url":null,"abstract":"The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for the beta2 integrin. It is present on the vascular endothelium and plays an important role in cell to cell interaction in lymphocyte recirculation. ICAM-1 is expressed not only on the endothelium but also on other cells, especially lymphocytes adhering to the endothelium, B cells and mitogen-stimulated T cells. To define the functional role of ICAM-1 in lymphocytes, the three-dimensional distribution of ICAM-1 on the surface of lymphocytes in the rat mesenteric lymph node HEV was investigated by immunoscanning electron microscopy. ICAM-1 expression was closely associated with variations in surface structures of lymphocytes, which showed a cap-like structure, membrane ruffles and slender microvilli. ICAM-1 was preferentially localized on the cell surface including membrane ruffles (about 90% of all counted gold particles), but rarely on the microvilli (10%). The results suggest that activated lymphocytes with variations in surface structures demonstrate moderate expression and preferential localization of ICAM-1. This seems to enable a three-dimensional interaction of the microvilli of one lymphocyte with the surface membrane of another cell and might be a prerequisite for cluster formation between them, as seen in antigen presentation.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"162 1","pages":"33-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20701428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Adrenal microvascularization in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. 血管腐蚀铸型扫描电镜显示普通树鼩肾上腺微血管的形成。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046443

S Thongpila, S Rojananeungnit, P Chunhabundit, C Cherdchu, A Samritthong, R Somana

{"title":"Adrenal microvascularization in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts.","authors":"S Thongpila, S Rojananeungnit, P Chunhabundit, C Cherdchu, A Samritthong, R Somana","doi":"10.1159/000046443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046443","url":null,"abstract":"The blood supply of the adrenal gland in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) was studied by use of transmission electron microscopy and vascular corrosion cast/scanning electron microscopy techniques. It was found that the gland receives its blood supply from branches of the inferior phrenic, aorta and renal arteries. Upon reaching the gland, these arteries divide into cortical and medullary arteries. The cortical arteries give rise to the subcapsular capillary plexuses which partially enclose the clusters of cells in the zona glomerulosa (ZG) and appear as lobular-like microvascular networks before running among the cellular cords in the zona fasciculata (ZF) and zona reticularis (ZR). It was noted that the capillaries in ZG and ZR are with more anastomoses than those in the ZF. Capillaries from the ZR become the sinusoidal capillaries in the adrenal medulla before proceeding to the peripheral radicles of the central vein. The medullary arteries penetrate the adrenal cortex and occasionally give off small branches to supply the inner cortex, especially the ZR. Their main branches break up into small or conventional capillaries in the adrenal medulla. These capillaries drain the blood into the peripheral radicles of the central vein and medullary collecting veins which proceed further into a very large central vein. The present findings illustrate that the adrenal medulla receives two blood supplies that yield somewhat different influences upon the adrenal medulla. The portal blood vessel could not be illustrated in the tree shrew adrenal gland.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"163 1","pages":"31-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20761635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Ultrastructure of the retina in adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. 成人神经元样脂褐变视网膜的超微结构。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046477

H H Goebel, S S Schochet, M Jaynes, L Gutmann

引用次数: 10

Smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the partially obstructed gut of the rat: a quantitative evaluation. 大鼠部分梗阻肠内平滑肌细胞肥大和增生的定量评价。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046486

S Geuna, S Cardillo, M G Giacobini-Robecchi

引用次数: 17

The neural substrate for 'learned' and 'nonlearned' activities in birds: a discussion of the organization of bulbar reticular premotor systems with side-lights on the mammalian situation. 鸟类“习得”和“非习得”活动的神经基础:关于哺乳动物情况下球网状前运动系统组织的讨论。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046494

J L Dubbeldam

{"title":"The neural substrate for 'learned' and 'nonlearned' activities in birds: a discussion of the organization of bulbar reticular premotor systems with side-lights on the mammalian situation.","authors":"J L Dubbeldam","doi":"10.1159/000046494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046494","url":null,"abstract":"The reticular formation of the brainstem contains premotor systems for various musculomotor systems. In this paper, the bulbar premotor systems for jaw and tongue movements, head and neck movements, locomotion, and respiration and vocalization in birds are reviewed and compared to premotor systems in mammals. Roughly, the bulbar reticular formation can be subdivided in three longitudinal zones: a dorsolateral (RPcdl) and a ventromedial (RPcvm) parvocellular zone and a gigantocellular zone (RGc). RPcdl contains premotor neurons for the jaw and neck system, RPcvm for the jaw, tongue and neck system, and RGc for the tongue and locomotory system. RPcdl receives input from the descending sensory trigeminal system, parts of RPcvm and RGc from vestibular nuclei, whereas the tectum has a projection to the contralateral RGc. RPcdl and RPcvm receive substantial telencephalic input through the occipitomesencephalic tract. The bulbar part of the respiratory system consists of a series of cell groups in the ventrolateral reticular formation and has connections with motor centers of the vocalization system. The similarities and differences between the avian and mammalian situation are discussed. Musculomotor systems participate in various activities. It is argued that a premotor system should possess sufficient flexibility to control the participation of a motor system in the different activities. This flexibility may permit the occurrence of learning processes in terms of refining basically existing motor patterns. The emergence of new and more complex motor patterns as in vocalization requires the involvement of hierarchically higher brain centers.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"163 3","pages":"157-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40729121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Neural substrate for motor control of feeding in amphibians. 两栖动物进食运动控制的神经基质。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046492

U Dicke, G Roth, T Matsushima

{"title":"Neural substrate for motor control of feeding in amphibians.","authors":"U Dicke, G Roth, T Matsushima","doi":"10.1159/000046492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046492","url":null,"abstract":"Descending pathways to premotor/motor centers and their cell groups of origin were studied by means of retrograde biocytin tracing experiments in the frog Discoglossus pictus and the plethodontid salamander Plethodon jordani, which differ remarkably in the structure and function of their feeding apparatus and their feeding strategy. Labeled neurons were found in 30 major cell groups located in the telencephalon, diencephalon, synencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. The number and distribution of nuclei are very similar in both species. Furthermore, the descending pathways of these groups of neurons take the same courses inside the medulla oblongata. Axons of most nuclei descend either in the ventromedial or ventrolateral medulla oblongata, and it is concluded that the spatial arrangement of pathways is identical in the species studied. Bilateral electrical stimulation of the optic tectum of the plethodontid salamander Hydromantes italicus elicited strong discharges of short latencies in the hypoglossal nerve. In most hypoglossal motor neurons, excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of short latencies followed paired shocks applied at intervals as short as 3 ms, but showed temporal and spatial facilitation, suggesting that the EPSPs include mono- as well as polysynaptic components. In the ventral white matter, orthodromic single units were found that are candidates for excitatory reticular interneurons. These properties of tectal descending pathways in salamanders strongly differ from those found in toads. Differences in feeding behavior and its control by the premotor/motor networks between the species investigated do not appear to result from anatomically altered input or from a different organization of descending pathways to these premotor/motor centers, but rather from differences in local properties of reticular premotor networks as well as from different effects of neuromodulatory systems.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"163 3","pages":"127-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40729119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Immunocytochemistry of fibronectin and endothelin-1 in the cavernous body of postnatal rabbit penises. 兔出生后阴茎海绵体纤维连接蛋白和内皮素-1的免疫细胞化学。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046465

T Nomiyama, Y Doi, H Kudo, H Furukawa, K Hamasaki, S Fujimoto

{"title":"Immunocytochemistry of fibronectin and endothelin-1 in the cavernous body of postnatal rabbit penises.","authors":"T Nomiyama, Y Doi, H Kudo, H Furukawa, K Hamasaki, S Fujimoto","doi":"10.1159/000046465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046465","url":null,"abstract":"The differentiating cavernous body (CB) of postnatal rabbit penises was examined with a special reference to immunolocalizations for fibronectin (FN) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). At postnatal day 1, the CBs were embedded by an abundance of mesenchymal cells (MCs), and some of them were closely associated with endothelial cells of preexisting capillaries. Our electron micrographs indicated that such MCs are successively incorporated into the capillary endothelium as vasoformative cells. At this period, vascular sprouts of the helicine artery (HA), which were associated with the MCs, arose from the deep penile artery, and the transformation of such cells to endothelial and medial muscle ones was also indicated, and some MCs appeared to differentiate to epithelioid cells in the media. Immunoreactions for FN were preferentially localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and along the plasma membrane of such vasoformative MCs, and on the extracellular matrix components which connect these MCs with sprouts of both growing capillaries and HA. These findings suggest that FN, which is produced in the rER of the MCs, plays a crucial role in the mechanical linkage during the incorporation of vasoformative MCs into these penile vessels. Immunoreactions for ET-1 were preferentially localized on Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells of the HA, implying the involvement of this peptide in the regulation of the local blood flow in this vessel.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"162 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20701427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Immunohistochemical study of the innervation of the boundary area of the hard and soft palates of the rat. 大鼠软硬腭交界区神经支配的免疫组织化学研究。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046488

J Kato, R Uddman, F Sundler, K Kurisu

{"title":"Immunohistochemical study of the innervation of the boundary area of the hard and soft palates of the rat.","authors":"J Kato, R Uddman, F Sundler, K Kurisu","doi":"10.1159/000046488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046488","url":null,"abstract":"The palatal mucosa plays an important role for patients using full dentures. The posterior ridge of the denture is designed to fit on the border between the hard and soft palates; accordingly, this boundary area is of importance when the outline of the denture is designed. In the present study, a rich supply of nerve fibers was found in the mucosa of the boundary area of the hard and soft palates of the rat. An immunocytochemical examination revealed nerve fibers containing protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (c-PON), or nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Thin nerve fibers with PGP 9.5, CGRP, or SP penetrated into the epithelium, reaching beneath the cornified layer and terminated as free nerve endings. VIP-, c-PON- and NOS-containing nerve fibers were distributed in the connective tissue. Many of the VIP- and c-PON-containing nerve fibers were associated with blood vessels. In addition, nerve fibers containing PGP 9.5, CGRP, SP and c-PON were observed around, and penetrating into, the taste buds in the boundary area.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"163 2","pages":"92-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20780618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17