Acta anatomica最新文献_第4页

Signaling pathways for transduction of the initial message of the glycocode into cellular responses. 糖密码初始信息转化为细胞反应的信号转导途径。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046453

A Villalobo, H Gabius

引用次数: 97

Alzheimer's disease. The density of amygdalar neuritic plaques is associated with the severity of neurofibrillary pathology and the degree of beta-amyloid protein deposition in the cerebral cortex. 阿尔茨海默氏症。杏仁核神经性斑块的密度与神经原纤维病理的严重程度和大脑皮层β -淀粉样蛋白沉积的程度有关。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01

D M Yilmazer-Hanke

{"title":"Alzheimer's disease. The density of amygdalar neuritic plaques is associated with the severity of neurofibrillary pathology and the degree of beta-amyloid protein deposition in the cerebral cortex.","authors":"D M Yilmazer-Hanke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The gradual development of Alzheimer-related neurofibrillary changes and beta-amyloid deposits have been investigated in the amygdala and cerebral cortex with advanced silver methods. Neurofibrillary tangles occur within the somata of nerve cells, while neuropil threads are located in nerve cell processes. In neuritic plaques, there are both neuronal processes containing neurofibrillary changes and extracellular deposits of beta-amyloid protein. The amygdala early displays Alzheimer-type pathology and is typically rich in neuritic plaques. Neuritic plaques do not occur in the amygdala in the absence of neuropil threads and neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal region and amygdala. In contrast to the gradual increase in the number of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, neuritic plaques grow in size and number along with advancement in the neurofibrillary and beta-amyloid pathology. The findings indicate that neuropil threads and neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal region and amygdala precede neuritic plaques in the amygdala, and the density of neuritic plaques is related both to the degree of neurofibrillary and beta-amyloid pathology in the cerebral cortex.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"162 1","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20701321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional distribution of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on lymphocytes in the high endothelial venule analyzed by backscatter electron imaging. 背散射电子成像分析高内皮小静脉淋巴细胞细胞间粘附分子-1的三维分布。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046466

K Sasaki, Y Okouchi, H J Rothkötter, R Pabst

{"title":"Three-dimensional distribution of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on lymphocytes in the high endothelial venule analyzed by backscatter electron imaging.","authors":"K Sasaki, Y Okouchi, H J Rothkötter, R Pabst","doi":"10.1159/000046466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046466","url":null,"abstract":"The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for the beta2 integrin. It is present on the vascular endothelium and plays an important role in cell to cell interaction in lymphocyte recirculation. ICAM-1 is expressed not only on the endothelium but also on other cells, especially lymphocytes adhering to the endothelium, B cells and mitogen-stimulated T cells. To define the functional role of ICAM-1 in lymphocytes, the three-dimensional distribution of ICAM-1 on the surface of lymphocytes in the rat mesenteric lymph node HEV was investigated by immunoscanning electron microscopy. ICAM-1 expression was closely associated with variations in surface structures of lymphocytes, which showed a cap-like structure, membrane ruffles and slender microvilli. ICAM-1 was preferentially localized on the cell surface including membrane ruffles (about 90% of all counted gold particles), but rarely on the microvilli (10%). The results suggest that activated lymphocytes with variations in surface structures demonstrate moderate expression and preferential localization of ICAM-1. This seems to enable a three-dimensional interaction of the microvilli of one lymphocyte with the surface membrane of another cell and might be a prerequisite for cluster formation between them, as seen in antigen presentation.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"162 1","pages":"33-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20701428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Adrenal microvascularization in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. 血管腐蚀铸型扫描电镜显示普通树鼩肾上腺微血管的形成。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046443

S Thongpila, S Rojananeungnit, P Chunhabundit, C Cherdchu, A Samritthong, R Somana

{"title":"Adrenal microvascularization in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts.","authors":"S Thongpila, S Rojananeungnit, P Chunhabundit, C Cherdchu, A Samritthong, R Somana","doi":"10.1159/000046443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046443","url":null,"abstract":"The blood supply of the adrenal gland in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) was studied by use of transmission electron microscopy and vascular corrosion cast/scanning electron microscopy techniques. It was found that the gland receives its blood supply from branches of the inferior phrenic, aorta and renal arteries. Upon reaching the gland, these arteries divide into cortical and medullary arteries. The cortical arteries give rise to the subcapsular capillary plexuses which partially enclose the clusters of cells in the zona glomerulosa (ZG) and appear as lobular-like microvascular networks before running among the cellular cords in the zona fasciculata (ZF) and zona reticularis (ZR). It was noted that the capillaries in ZG and ZR are with more anastomoses than those in the ZF. Capillaries from the ZR become the sinusoidal capillaries in the adrenal medulla before proceeding to the peripheral radicles of the central vein. The medullary arteries penetrate the adrenal cortex and occasionally give off small branches to supply the inner cortex, especially the ZR. Their main branches break up into small or conventional capillaries in the adrenal medulla. These capillaries drain the blood into the peripheral radicles of the central vein and medullary collecting veins which proceed further into a very large central vein. The present findings illustrate that the adrenal medulla receives two blood supplies that yield somewhat different influences upon the adrenal medulla. The portal blood vessel could not be illustrated in the tree shrew adrenal gland.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"163 1","pages":"31-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20761635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Ultrastructure of the retina in adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. 成人神经元样脂褐变视网膜的超微结构。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046477

H H Goebel, S S Schochet, M Jaynes, L Gutmann

引用次数: 10

Smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the partially obstructed gut of the rat: a quantitative evaluation. 大鼠部分梗阻肠内平滑肌细胞肥大和增生的定量评价。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046486

S Geuna, S Cardillo, M G Giacobini-Robecchi

引用次数: 17

The neural substrate for 'learned' and 'nonlearned' activities in birds: a discussion of the organization of bulbar reticular premotor systems with side-lights on the mammalian situation. 鸟类“习得”和“非习得”活动的神经基础:关于哺乳动物情况下球网状前运动系统组织的讨论。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046494

J L Dubbeldam

{"title":"The neural substrate for 'learned' and 'nonlearned' activities in birds: a discussion of the organization of bulbar reticular premotor systems with side-lights on the mammalian situation.","authors":"J L Dubbeldam","doi":"10.1159/000046494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046494","url":null,"abstract":"The reticular formation of the brainstem contains premotor systems for various musculomotor systems. In this paper, the bulbar premotor systems for jaw and tongue movements, head and neck movements, locomotion, and respiration and vocalization in birds are reviewed and compared to premotor systems in mammals. Roughly, the bulbar reticular formation can be subdivided in three longitudinal zones: a dorsolateral (RPcdl) and a ventromedial (RPcvm) parvocellular zone and a gigantocellular zone (RGc). RPcdl contains premotor neurons for the jaw and neck system, RPcvm for the jaw, tongue and neck system, and RGc for the tongue and locomotory system. RPcdl receives input from the descending sensory trigeminal system, parts of RPcvm and RGc from vestibular nuclei, whereas the tectum has a projection to the contralateral RGc. RPcdl and RPcvm receive substantial telencephalic input through the occipitomesencephalic tract. The bulbar part of the respiratory system consists of a series of cell groups in the ventrolateral reticular formation and has connections with motor centers of the vocalization system. The similarities and differences between the avian and mammalian situation are discussed. Musculomotor systems participate in various activities. It is argued that a premotor system should possess sufficient flexibility to control the participation of a motor system in the different activities. This flexibility may permit the occurrence of learning processes in terms of refining basically existing motor patterns. The emergence of new and more complex motor patterns as in vocalization requires the involvement of hierarchically higher brain centers.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"163 3","pages":"157-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40729121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

The impact of muscular dystrophy on limb bone growth and scaling in mice. 肌肉萎缩症对小鼠肢体骨生长和缩放的影响。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046435

A R Lammers, R Z German, P S Lightfoot

{"title":"The impact of muscular dystrophy on limb bone growth and scaling in mice.","authors":"A R Lammers, R Z German, P S Lightfoot","doi":"10.1159/000046435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046435","url":null,"abstract":"Muscular loading affects bone growth and the factors determining size and shape. However, it is not known what epigenetic impact muscular dystrophy (dystrophia muscularis) has on limb bone growth or ontogenetic scaling. To assess the effects of two types of muscular dystrophy (genotypes dy/dy and dy2J/dy2J) on limb bone growth, we measured lengths and widths of the right humerus, femur and tibia, and lengths of the ulna and radius from dorsal/ventral radiographs of mice taken over a period of 270 days. Radiographs were taken approximately 3 times a week, and the sampling frequency was gradually reduced to once a month. We plotted measurements from each individual against time and fit a Gompertz equation to the growth of each bone. Parameters of the equation were compared using ANOVA across genotypes and between sexes. Slopes of length versus width were calculated for the limb bones of each individual using linear regression. Slope differences among genotypes and between sexes were tested using ANOVA. Control and dy2J values were significantly longer than those of dy mice in all bones, but there was considerable variation across genotypes for the various width measurements. Sexual dimorphism was found in several measurements, where males were always larger than females. There were few significant differences in limb scaling (lengths vs. widths) among genotypes and almost no scaling differences between sexes despite the size differences. Differences among widths suggest that muscular dystrophy affects different parts of limb bones in different ways. This may be the effect of the type and number of muscular attachments, as well as the usage of the limb. The sexually dimorphic measurements suggest that there are size differences in the skeleton between sexes, regardless of the genotype. Our ontogenetic allometry results indicate that size is affected by the muscular dystrophic condition and by sexual dimorphism, while shape remains largely unchanged.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"162 4","pages":"199-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20742711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Changes in choroidal innervation in Royal College of Surgeons rats with hereditary retinal degeneration. 遗传性视网膜变性大鼠脉络膜神经支配的变化。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046475

M Rexer, C A May, E Lütjen-Drecoll

{"title":"Changes in choroidal innervation in Royal College of Surgeons rats with hereditary retinal degeneration.","authors":"M Rexer, C A May, E Lütjen-Drecoll","doi":"10.1159/000046475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046475","url":null,"abstract":"In Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats with hereditary retinal degeneration loss of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris is most pronounced in the upper-temporal quadrant. To investigate whether changes in choroidal vasodilative innervation might be involved in the RPE degeneration, we analyzed whole mount preparations of the retina and choroid stained for nitric oxide synthase and for NADPH-diaphorase (d) of 19 dystrophic RCS rats and 24 age-matched congenic controls of different age groups. Density of NADPH-d-positive nerve fibers was quantitatively evaluated in the upper-temporal and lower-nasal quadrant. Our results revealed that even in control animals there were much less positively stained nerve fibers in the upper-temporal than in the lower-nasal quadrant. Nerve fiber density in both quadrants increased for up to 3 months and remained nearly constant throughout life. In the dystrophic animals up to 3 months of age nerve fiber density was similar to that seen in the controls. In dystrophic animals older than 3 months nerve fiber density in the upper-temporal quadrant decreased significantly, whereas density in the lower-nasal quadrant revealed nearly the same values as in the age-matched controls. Decrease of NADPH-d stained nerve fibers in this quadrant occurred prior to the vascular changes in the choriocapillaris. In the retina of RCS dystrophic rats an increase of NADPH-d-positive amacrine cells was found only in 3-month-old animals. Most of these cells were located in the vicinity of irregularly arranged branches of the central retinal artery. In animals 5 months of age and older the number of cells decreased to the same values found in controls, so that we assume that increase of NADPH-d-positive amacrine cells is involved in capillary degeneration or sprouting.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"162 2-3","pages":"112-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20742867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Adenylyl cyclase type 7 is the predominant isoform in the bovine retinal pigment epithelium. 腺苷酸环化酶7型是牛视网膜色素上皮中主要的异构体。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046481

E Beitz, H Völkel, Y Guo, J E Schultz

引用次数: 8