Acta anatomica最新文献_第3页

Immunological problems of transplantation into the subretinal space. 视网膜下间隙移植的免疫学问题。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046484

V Enzmann, F Faude, P Wiedemann, L Kohen

{"title":"Immunological problems of transplantation into the subretinal space.","authors":"V Enzmann, F Faude, P Wiedemann, L Kohen","doi":"10.1159/000046484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046484","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of retinal transplantation is to substitute destroyed or degenerated retina to improve visual function. Photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells of embryonic and nonembryonic origin have been transplanted into the subretinal space in different animal models. Recently, retinal cells have also been used for transplantation in untreated or immunosuppressed patients with retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. Transplants performed in animals such as the RCS rat have maintained retinal function at the transplantation site for long periods of time, although such transplantations in humans have not proved conclusively, to date, whether there is a real effect or not. One reason for this phenomenon seems to be an immune response to transplanted retinal cells at the transplantation site. The detectable rejection process shows that the posterior part of the eye is not absolutely immunologically privileged and that rejection is a serious problem in human retinal transplantation. Many questions concerning transplantation technique, graft treatment and postoperative treatment will be answered through more intensive experiments and clinical trials regarding the immunology. However, rejection of transplanted material is one of the main reasons why retinal transplantation has not yet proved successful.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"162 2-3","pages":"178-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20743371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Glycoproteins and their relationship to human disease. 糖蛋白及其与人类疾病的关系。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046450

I Brockhausen, J Schutzbach, W Kuhns

{"title":"Glycoproteins and their relationship to human disease.","authors":"I Brockhausen, J Schutzbach, W Kuhns","doi":"10.1159/000046450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046450","url":null,"abstract":"Glycoproteins are proteins that carry N- and O-glycosidically-linked carbohydrate chains of complex structures and functions. N-glycan chains are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi by a controlled sequence of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase processing reactions involving dolichol intermediates. The assembly of O-glycans occurs in the Golgi and does not involve dolichol. For most reactions, families of glycosyltransferases exist; the expression of the individual enzymes within a family is often subject to complex regulation. The biosynthesis of N- and O-glycan is controlled at the level of gene expression, mRNA, enzyme protein activity and localization, and through substrate and cofactor concentrations at the site of synthesis. This complex regulation results in many hundreds of structures, the range of which varies in different species, cell types, tissue types, states of development and differentiation. In diseased cells, the relative proportions of these structures are often characteristically different from normal, and may be useful for the assessment of the stage of the disease and for diagnosis. Knowledge of disease-specific glycoprotein structures and their functions may be used therapeutically, in immunotherapy, in blocking cell adhesion or interfering with other binding or biological processes. Recently, some of the mechanisms underlying glycoprotein alterations in disease have been elucidated. This opens the possibility of an active interference in the disease process. The functions of glycans in diseased cells will become more clear with the tools of molecular biology and transgenic animal models.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"161 1-4","pages":"36-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20693440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 184

Animal lectins as cell adhesion molecules. 动物凝集素作为细胞粘附分子。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046456

H Kaltner, B Stierstorfer

引用次数: 186

Transient architectonic features in the basolateral amygdala of the human fetal brain. 人类胎儿大脑基底外侧杏仁核的瞬时结构特征。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046489

N Ulfig, M Setzer, J Bohl

{"title":"Transient architectonic features in the basolateral amygdala of the human fetal brain.","authors":"N Ulfig, M Setzer, J Bohl","doi":"10.1159/000046489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046489","url":null,"abstract":"The architectonical differentiation in the basolateral nuclei of the human fetal amygdala - with special reference to transient structures - was studied using series of relatively thick Nissl-stained sections. These architectonic features were correlated with the process of migration. Radial glial fibers providing the scaffold of migratory routes can reliably be marked with the aid of antivimentin. In the 5th gestational month a transient feature is conspicuous in the inferior portions of the basolateral nuclei bordering upon the ganglionic eminence (proliferative zone): columnar cell clusters, separated by cell-sparse septa, extend from the poliferative zone to the nuclei. The width of the cell columns vary considerably between the different nuclei. In vimentin immunopreparations fibers are found inside these cell columns. So they most probably reflect clustered migratory streams. Two months later, instead of this merging area between the ganglionic eminence and the amygdaloid nuclei a cell-free capsule envelopes the nuclei and clearly separates them from the ganglionic eminence. Changes in cytoarchitectonics are accompanied by a distinct rearrangement of radial glial fibers. A basket-like arrangement of the vimentin-immunoreactive fibers around the cell columns inside the cell sparse septa is found. Towards the end of pregnancy radial glial fibers gradually vanish. A comparison of Nissl and vimentin preparations reveals that transient architectonic characteristics as visible in relatively thick Nissl sections may be correlated with migrational routes.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"163 2","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20780619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Complex movement patterns: modifiability and constraints. 复杂的运动模式:可修改性和约束。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046493

R G Bout

{"title":"Complex movement patterns: modifiability and constraints.","authors":"R G Bout","doi":"10.1159/000046493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046493","url":null,"abstract":"Most behaviours involve complex morphological systems and vice versa morphological systems are used by the organism in many different ways. During evolution and ontogeny changes in kinematics and function of skeletal and muscular systems must be coordinated with changes in their neural control. Neuromotor patterns are sometimes believed to be conserved in evolution, leading to diversification at the level of musculoskeletal design. Vertebrate motor patterns used in feeding are reviewed to examine this hypothesis. Stereotyped behaviour is not necessarily the result of phylogenetic constraints but may also result from the functional demands imposed by the mechanics of the jaw apparatus and the nature of the task performed. Sensory feedback and descending control not only contribute to 'online' control of movement but also shape the development of motor patterns and learning behaviour and indicate a potentially large flexibility. The neural and sensory apparatus that produces this flexibility will be subject to evolutionary modification. In the absence of a demand for flexibility motor patterns may become stereotyped in some species, while they are very flexible in others. To the extent that morphological systems perform independent movements during different behaviours, separate basic motor patterns may be required, which may be coordinated in different ways.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"163 3","pages":"144-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40729120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Glycoproteins now and then: a personal account. 糖蛋白的现在与未来：个人经历。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046448

N Sharon

引用次数: 36

Recent advances in the molecular genetics of hereditary retinal dystrophies with primary involvement of the macula. 以黄斑为主的遗传性视网膜营养不良的分子遗传学研究进展。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046470

B H Weber

{"title":"Recent advances in the molecular genetics of hereditary retinal dystrophies with primary involvement of the macula.","authors":"B H Weber","doi":"10.1159/000046470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046470","url":null,"abstract":"Hereditary dystrophies of the central retina and choroid are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by preferential loss of macular function and consequently loss of central and color vision. The primary causes leading to the degenerative processes are largely unknown although recent progress in human molecular genetics is most promising in providing novel insights into the basic biochemical mechanisms of these dystrophies. To date, the disease loci of more than 20 maculopathies including cone and cone-rod dystrophies have been mapped to specific chromosomal regions of which seven disease genes have already been identified. As the goals of the Human Genome Initiative approach completion, the cloning of the genes involved in the etiology of human retinopathies will be greatly simplified providing the basis for a more comprehensive understanding of retinal function and dysfunction. In addition, these advances will facilitate the identification of individuals at risk at a presymptomatic or initial stage of disease, thus creating a unique opportunity to devise novel therapeutic strategies that will primarily be aimed at an early intervention with the potential to either delay or even prevent the development of disease pathology.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"162 2-3","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20742935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

A scanning electron microscopic study of the rete testis of the guinea pig. 豚鼠睾丸网的扫描电镜研究。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046434

C C Beu, A M Orsi, E A Gregório, S M Matheus, N A Basso

引用次数: 1

High-field magnetic resonance imaging of the developing human brain from the 10th to the 16th week of gestational Age. 孕周10至16周发育中的人脑高场磁共振成像。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046444

A Sbarbati, P Marzola, A Simonati, E Nicolato, F Osculati

{"title":"High-field magnetic resonance imaging of the developing human brain from the 10th to the 16th week of gestational Age.","authors":"A Sbarbati, P Marzola, A Simonati, E Nicolato, F Osculati","doi":"10.1159/000046444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000046444","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, high-field magnetic resonance imaging (HF-MRI) was applied to study the developing human brain paying particular attention to the structures of interest in pathology of malformation. The aim of the work was to evaluate the possible application of HF-MRI to the analysis of brain development in the absence of some limits of conventional histological technique. Seven formalin-fixed human fetuses of 50, 65, 70, 85, 110, 116 and 125 mm crown/ rump length (corresponding to a gestational age ranging from 10 to 16 weeks) were examined in an imager-spectrometer equipped with a 4. 7-tesla horizontal magnet with a 33-cm bore. In the brain of all the fetuses the telencephalic, mesencephalic and rhombencephalic vesicles were recognizable and an easy quantitative evaluation of the brain curvatures in the absence of distortion due to dissection was possible. Comparing fetuses at different gestational ages, the spatial modification of the different vesicles was evident. In fetuses at 16 weeks of gestational age, stratified compartments of the telencephalic wall were evident. The germinal zone and the cortical plate were visible: the germinal layer was identifiable as a hypointensity in the periventricular area. The subplate zone and the intermediate zone emitted a strong intensity signal. Our study demonstrates that HF-MRI can contribute to the study of the complex developmental events in the human brain from the 10th to 16th week of gestational age in a submillimetric scale of resolution. This technique can provide information about the morphology of the encephalic vesicles and their relations with the bone cavity that cannot be obtained with conventional methods and may be a useful adjunct to histological techniques.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"163 1","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000046444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20761636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Protein-carbohydrate interactions during fertilization. 受精过程中蛋白质与碳水化合物的相互作用。

Acta anatomica Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000046458

F Sinowatz, J Plendl, S Kölle

引用次数: 41