Acta anatomica最新文献

{"title":"Cartilage and synovium of the human atlanto-odontoid joint. An anatomic and histological study.","authors":"N A Ebraheim,&nbsp;H Yang,&nbsp;J Lu,&nbsp;A Biyani,&nbsp;R A Yeasting","doi":"10.1159/000147964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000147964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surface area, thickness and composition of articular cartilage of the atlanto-odontoid joints were investigated in twenty human cadaveric cervical spine specimens. The specimens were also examined grossly and by light microscopy to determine the location of the synovium. The anterior arch of the atlas and ventral and dorsal articular surfaces of the dens were covered with hyaline cartilage. The mean values of the articular surface areas on the ventral surface of the dens and anterior arch of the atlas were 55.10 and 58.24 mm2, respectively. The mean thickness of the articular cartilage of the anterior arch of the atlas, ventral and dorsal surfaces of the dens was 0.80, 0.81 and 0.82 mm, respectively. Synovial membranes were associated with the joint capsules and surrounding tissues of both anterior and posterior atlanto-odontoid joint spaces, where the synovial membranes were attached to the margins of the articular surfaces of the dens and anterior arch of the atlas anteriorly and the region of the cruciate ligament immediately peripheral to the cartilage region apposed to the dens and dens cartilage itself, posteriorly.</p>","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"159 1","pages":"48-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000147964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20445899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perineal muscles and their innervation: metabolic and functional significance of the motor unit.","authors":"A Ishihara,&nbsp;A Hori,&nbsp;R R Roy,&nbsp;Y Oishi,&nbsp;R J Talmadge,&nbsp;Y Ohira,&nbsp;S Kobayashi,&nbsp;V R Edgerton","doi":"10.1159/000147979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000147979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cross-sectional areas and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities of muscle fibers in the rat levator ani (LA) and bulbocavernosus (BC) were determined and compared with those of the soleus (SOL) and superficial (TAs) and deep (TAd) portions of the tibialis anterior (TA). In addition, cell body sizes and SDH activities of spinal motoneurons innervating the LA and BC were examined. Histochemical myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) staining reactions following alkaline and acid preincubations revealed that all the muscle fibers in the LA and BC were type IIB. Gel electrophoresis, however, showed that the LA and BC contained 2.9 and 2.4% type IIx myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses using MHC antibodies showed that the muscle fibers in the LA and BC had types IIx / IIa (approximately 3%) or type IIb MHC isoforms. The mean fiber cross-sectional areas in the LA and BC were significantly smaller than those in the SOL, TAs, or TAd. The mean fiber SDH activities in the LA and BC were significantly lower than those in the SOL or TAd, and similar to TAs. The population of alpha motoneurons innervating the LA and BC had similar SDH activities, irrespective of their cell body sizes. These data indicate that the LA and BC are comprised of a relatively homogeneous population of small, fast and low oxidative fibers innervated by a relatively homogeneous population of spinal motoneurons. These characteristics of the muscle fibers and motoneurons are consistent with their function in short, high-intensity activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"159 2-3","pages":"156-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000147979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20495961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of incongruity, contact areas and cartilage thickness in the human hip joint.","authors":"F Eckstein,&nbsp;R von Eisenhart-Rothe,&nbsp;J Landgraf,&nbsp;C Adam,&nbsp;F Loehe,&nbsp;M Müller-Gerbl,&nbsp;R Putz","doi":"10.1159/000147930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000147930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Joint incongruity and cartilage thickness have been shown to determine the contact stresses and the load partitioning between the solid and fluid phases of articular cartilage. Matrix stresses, which are relevant in the development of osteoarthrosis, can, however, not be determined experimentally but must be calculated using numerical methods. The aim of the present study was to quantify the incongruity and cartilage thickness of the human hip, in order to allow for the construction of morphologically accurate finite element models. Twelve cadaveric specimens (34-86 years), two fresh and ten fixed, were investigated. The loading configuration was based on in vivo measurements of hip joint forces during midstance. The incongruity and contact areas were determined using a polyether casting technique, in the minimally and the fully loaded state. The cartilage thickness was measured at identical coordinate points with an A-mode ultrasonic system. Generally, the contact started at lower loads at the edge of the lunate surface, and the joint space increased towards its central aspects. In some specimens the contact started in the acetabular roof, leaving a joint space of up to 2 mm in the horns of the lunate surface. In others, the initial contact was observed in the anterior and posterior horns of the lunate surface with a joint space width of up to 0.75 mm in the acetabular roof. The size of the contact areas increased from about 20% of the lunate surface to 98% at higher loads. The articular cartilage thickness ranged from 0.7 to 3.6 mm, the maxima being located in the ventral aspects of the femoral head and acetabulum. These quantitative data on joint space width, contact, and cartilage thickness in the human hip joint may be used to construct and validate finite element models which are required to elucidate the mechanical factors involved in osteoarthrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"158 3","pages":"192-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000147930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20323216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial density of ventral horn neurons in the rat spinal cord.","authors":"A Ishihara,&nbsp;S Hayashi,&nbsp;R R Roy,&nbsp;Y Tamada,&nbsp;C Yokoyama,&nbsp;Y Ohira,&nbsp;V R Edgerton,&nbsp;Y Ibata","doi":"10.1159/000148018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000148018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial density in neurons of the dorsolateral region of the ventral horn at the L5 spinal cord segment in rats was examined using electron microscopy. The gamma motoneurons had a higher density of mitochondria (25.1 +/- 4.2%, n = 19) in the cytoplasm compared to the alpha motoneurons which had a mitochondrial density of 19.4 +/- 4.5% (n = 38). An inverse relationship between cell body size and mitochondrial density was found for alpha (n = 38) and alpha plus gamma (n = 57), but not for gamma (n = 19), motoneuron populations. The higher densities of mitochondria in the smaller neurons correspond well with their metabolic properties since the smaller neurons have the highest oxidative enzyme activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"160 4","pages":"248-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000148018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20645778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline phosphatase distribution in rat endometrial epithelium during early pregnancy: a scanning electron-microscopic study.","authors":"A Winkelmann,&nbsp;U M Spornitz","doi":"10.1159/000147936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000147936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The participation of apical membranes of uterine epithelial cells in the process of blastocyst adhesion makes them an interesting object in the study of changes occurring during early pregnancy. In the study of these changes alkaline phosphatase (AIP), a typical brush border enzyme, was chosen for demonstration with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) by means of a backscatter detector. Thus the temporal and spatial pattern of enzyme activity on the uterine luminal surface was made visible with lead salt procedures. AIP activity was shown to be located on apical membranes and microvilli of endometrial epithelial cells with high activity on day 2 of pregnancy decreasing to virtually no activity on day 5. This decrease in overall AIP activity was shown to be asymmetrical with respect to the uterine cavity. It begins on the antimesometrial half of the uterine lining on day 2. A distribution pattern demarcating a presumptive implantation site along the uterine horn was not found. However, on day 5 of pregnancy, a characteristic pattern of surface folds was found, dividing the uterine horn into 'implantation segments'. In addition, SEM investigation revealed a marked variation of AIP activity from one individual cell to the next on day 2 of pregnancy resulting in a mosaic-like pattern. This pattern is lost with the decrease of AIP activity on day 5. Thus heterogeneity of uterine epithelial cells in AIP activity is apparently a feature of nonreceptive epithelium in contrast to the homogeneous epithelium on day 5. It is proposed that epithelial cell homogeneity could be a marker for uterine receptivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"158 4","pages":"237-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000147936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20344496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophoblast cell-mediated modifications to uterine spiral arteries during early gestation in the macaque.","authors":"T N Blankenship,&nbsp;A C Enders","doi":"10.1159/000147935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000147935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A specialized subset of invasive embryonic cytotrophoblast cells gains access to maternal uterine arteries early in the gestation of higher primates. These cells continue to migrate extensively within the lumina of spiral arteries, converting them to the highly modified uteroplacental arteries of pregnancy. Although trophoblast cell-mediated modifications are considered critical to the progress of normal pregnancy, few studies have addressed the cellular interactions between maternal arteries and embryonic cells in situ. Macaque placentas and endometrial tissues were collected from 12 animals from day 14 of gestation (blastocyst implantation begins on day 9) to day 49. Standard indirect immunoperoxidase methods were used to identify matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9), cathepsin B, cathepsin D, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, cytokeratins, smooth muscle actin, CD68, and factor VIII-related antigen. Cytotrophoblast cells were located deep within spiral arteries in each of the specimens examined. In some examples tightly packed clusters of cytotrophoblast occluded the lumina of invaded arteries. Initial penetration of arterial tunica intima was revealed by discontinuities in the staining pattern for factor VIII and cytotrophoblast intrusion was indicated by cytokeratin staining of the trophoblast cells. Continued cytotrophoblast intrusion into the tunica media was apparent by gaps in the smooth muscle. MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 were localized within intraluminal and intramural cytotrophoblast. By contrast, neither cathepsin B nor cathepsin D were present, although both were seen in uterine macrophages and stromal cells. Upon reaching the surrounding uterine stroma the cytotrophoblast cells ceased migration. As cytotrophoblast accumulated in the arterial wall the vascular lumen expanded. Evidence of cell death was rarely encountered in associated maternal or embryonic tissues. We conclude that intra-arterial cytotrophoblast cells express several proteinases with substrate specificities sufficient to permit independent remodeling of the extracellular matrix comprising uterine artery walls. The remodeling of the arteries, which involves extensive displacement of maternal endothelium and smooth muscle, in addition to degradation and synthesis of extracellular matrix, is accomplished with little evidence of cell death or loss of the integrity of the arteries. This process provides an interesting example of cooperation between different types of interacting tissues from genetically distinct individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"158 4","pages":"227-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000147935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20344497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and ultrastructure of the stomata connecting the pleural cavity with lymphatics in the rat costal pleura.","authors":"Q X Wang,&nbsp;O Ohtani,&nbsp;M Saitoh,&nbsp;Y Ohtani","doi":"10.1159/000147938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000147938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the detailed distribution and ultrastructure of the stomata connecting the pleural cavity and the lymphatics in the rat costal pleura by scanning electron, transmission electron and light microscopy. The mesothelial cells lining the costal pleura appeared as both flattened and thick cell bodies. The thick cells possessed more rough endoplasmic reticula, Golgi complexes, mitochondria, and free ribosomes than the flattened cells. The thick cells were distributed in the intercostal regions each cephalic to the junction of the costal cartilage and bone, and in the band-like regions along the cephalic and caudal sides of each rib in the lateral and dorsal thoracic walls. In the regions lined with thick cells, there were stomata [12.9 +/- 10.3 microns2 (mean +/- SD) in area] consisting of prolongations of thick mesothelial cells and funnel-like projections of lymphatic endothelial cells that came up along the rims of the pores (5.9 +/- 3.2 microns2 in average area) in the submesothelial collagen fiber network. At the stomata, the basal lamina of the mesothelium was continuous with that of the endothelium. The mesothelial cells forming the stomata were mostly in close contact with the endothelial cells, but some gaps also existed between them. Valve-like endothelial flaps were frequently observed wherever endothelial cells constituting the stomata merged into the submesothelial lymphatics. Also present were lymphatic bulges that were either in close contact with the base of the thick mesothelial cells or exposed through the mesothelial pores. The lymphatic network was especially well developed in the submesothelial layer at and around the thick-cell regions. The initial lymphatics drained into the intercostal collecting lymphatics, which in turn led into either the parasternal or paravertebral lymphatic trunk. Our results suggest that the stomata play a major role in absorbing fluids and particulates in the pleural cavity. The thick mesothelial cells appear to secrete chemotactic substances to the endothelial cells. Understanding the heterogeneous distribution of the stomata could prove to be important clinically in inflammatory diseases and tumors in the chest.</p>","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"158 4","pages":"255-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000147938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20344499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function and structure in early modern muscular mechanics. Four episodes and a dialogue between Stensen and Borelli on two chief muscular systems.","authors":"T Kardel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dispute on the movement of skeletal muscles in 1667 between Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, who maintained the ancient movement caused by inflation theory, and Niels Stensen (Nicolaus Steno), who proposed the first recorded theory of fibre contraction, had far reaching implications for understanding the relation between muscle morphology and function. A dialogue is reconstructed from citations from the two authors' main works. They had a similar dispute on the movement of the heart along the lines of the debate in the 1630s between William Harvey favouring contraction and René Descartes favouring swelling. Evidence is provided for the delayed general acceptance of fibre contraction in both heart and skeletal muscles. It is shown that the inflation interpretation of muscular mechanics elaborated by Borelli, Johann Bernoulli, his son Daniel, and by others, was maintained from ancient authors and Descartes in part due to a conceptual block resulting from the mechanical philosophy that denied any force of attraction in nature. The alternative theory, that of fibre contraction, was thought of as self-motion, which violated an accepted mechanical principle and therefore was rejected. In the mid-18th century, Albrecht von Haller recorded no microscopic structures in support of inflation. He adopted the view that contraction in fibres of muscles is generated through an 'irritability'. Research on this entity has taken place ever since with a clear preponderance of studies on single fibre properties and subcellular structures. Haller did not, however, refer to the original contribution of Stensen on fibre contraction. Haller even rejected Stensen's functional architecture of skeletal muscle. This structure, now called the unipennate, or semipennate, actuator, was overlooked and had to await confirmation by anatomical rediscovery and pragmatic demonstration through successful applications in computer models of muscular contraction in the 1980s.</p>","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"159 1","pages":"61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20445830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function and structure in early modern muscular mechanics. Four episodes and a dialogue between Stensen and Borelli on two chief muscular systems.","authors":"T. Kardel","doi":"10.1159/000147966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000147966","url":null,"abstract":"The dispute on the movement of skeletal muscles in 1667 between Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, who maintained the ancient movement caused by inflation theory, and Niels Stensen (Nicolaus Steno), who proposed the first recorded theory of fibre contraction, had far reaching implications for understanding the relation between muscle morphology and function. A dialogue is reconstructed from citations from the two authors' main works. They had a similar dispute on the movement of the heart along the lines of the debate in the 1630s between William Harvey favouring contraction and René Descartes favouring swelling. Evidence is provided for the delayed general acceptance of fibre contraction in both heart and skeletal muscles. It is shown that the inflation interpretation of muscular mechanics elaborated by Borelli, Johann Bernoulli, his son Daniel, and by others, was maintained from ancient authors and Descartes in part due to a conceptual block resulting from the mechanical philosophy that denied any force of attraction in nature. The alternative theory, that of fibre contraction, was thought of as self-motion, which violated an accepted mechanical principle and therefore was rejected. In the mid-18th century, Albrecht von Haller recorded no microscopic structures in support of inflation. He adopted the view that contraction in fibres of muscles is generated through an 'irritability'. Research on this entity has taken place ever since with a clear preponderance of studies on single fibre properties and subcellular structures. Haller did not, however, refer to the original contribution of Stensen on fibre contraction. Haller even rejected Stensen's functional architecture of skeletal muscle. This structure, now called the unipennate, or semipennate, actuator, was overlooked and had to await confirmation by anatomical rediscovery and pragmatic demonstration through successful applications in computer models of muscular contraction in the 1980s.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"16 1","pages":"61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75195553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of forelimb motoneuron pools in two bat species (Eptesicus fuscus and Myotis lucifugus).","authors":"J. M. Ryan, Jeremy T. Cushman, C. Baier","doi":"10.1159/000147921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000147921","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation provides further evidence of the conservation of motor nuclei in amniotes. The position of six forelimb and shoulder motor pools were mapped in two species of bat, Eptesicus fuscus and Myotis lucifugus. The intraspinal locations of motor pools were revealed by labeling with the retrograde neuronal tracer WGA-HRP injected into the bellies of six muscles: m. pectoralis, m. spinodeltoideus, mm. triceps brachii (long and lateral heads), m. infraspinatus, m. supraspinatus, and m. biceps brachii. The positions of the labeled motor pools were reconstructed from serial transverse and horizontal sections of the spinal cord. WGA-HRP-labeled cells were located midway between cervical spinal nerves four and five to midway between cervical spinal nerve eight and the first thoracic spinal nerve. Individual motor pools formed fusiform clusters of cells with little intermingling of neurons between adjacent motor pools. The pectoralis motor pool contained significantly more motoneurons than all other motor pools for M. lucifugus. The pectoralis pool in E. fuscus contained more motoneurons than the biceps, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus, but not the spinodeltoid or the triceps brachii. The biceps, spinodeltoid, infraspinatus and supraspinatus pools were located rostrally; the pectoralis and triceps pools caudally. The pectoralis pool was the most medial and the spinodeltoid pool was the most lateral. These data suggest that the locations of shoulder and forelimb motor pools are ontogenetically and phylogenetically conserved across tetrapods and independent of the function of the muscles in adults.","PeriodicalId":6885,"journal":{"name":"Acta anatomica","volume":"52 1","pages":"121-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80395507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}